HomeMy WebLinkAboutTable of Contents, Resolutions & ResponsesCOUNTY OF HAWAI‘I DRAFT GENERAL PLAN 2045 COUNCIL RESOLUTION AND PLANNING DEPARTMENT RESPONSES
July 29, 2024 Table of Contents Resolution 237-15: A resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process, relating to mass transit Response Resolution 249-15: A resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process, relating to geothermal resources development Response
Resolution 250-15: A resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process,
relating to: 1) Mass Transit; 2) Open Spaces; 3) Sensitive Natural and Cultural Resources and 4) Historic Trails
Response Resolution 251-15: A resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process, relating to roadways in South Hilo Response Resolution 256-15: Resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process, relating to the principles of the ahupuaʻa system
Response
Resolution 257-15: A resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process
Response Resolution 258-15: Resolution proposing an amendment to the County of Hawai‘i General Plan, in accordance with the General Plan comprehensive review process, relating to roadway access in the District of Kaʻū during times of flooding
Response
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6iI. •
COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAI`I
Tt O;•M'•--
RESOLUTION NO. 237 15
A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS, RELATING TO MASS TRANSIT.
WHEREAS, Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha initiated a
comprehensive review of the County of Hawai`i General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan, Director Kanuha
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone
this deadline, Director Kanuha postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments until
September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to Director Kanuha's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, Hawai`i County's Mass Transit systems provide residents with a vital
means of transportation to employment, services, and activities; and
WHEREAS, Hawai`i County Mass Transit systems promote and enhance pedestrian
activities, reduce congestion on roadways, and increase economic development opportunities;
and
WHEREAS, to support and improve the County's Mass Transit system, the Council
added a project to the Capital Budget for Fiscal Year 2015 to 2016, to prepare a countywide
Mass Transit Master Plan to provide an overall framework for transit improvements; and
WHEREAS, the Mass Transit Master Plan should include timelines, criteria,
administrative procedures, and legal guidelines for projected infrastructure needs in both the
short and the long-term as well as transit alternatives such as hub and spoke systems,
infrastructure needs in a primarily rural environment, improved schedules and stop locations, and
Americans with Disabilities Act upgrades; and
WHEREAS, integrating elements of the Mass Transit Master Plan into the County of
Hawai`i General Plan would promote the creation of a variety of public transportation systems in
Hawai`i County that are affordable, efficient, accessible, and safe; now, therefore,
Page 1Resolution 237-15
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as possible, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawai`i County General
Plan:
1. If the Mass Transit Master Plan for Hawai`i County is completed in sufficient time,
incorporate it into the General Plan update; and
2. Incorporate provisions into the General Plan to assure that Mass Transit policies and
facilities are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha and Mass Transit Administrator,
Tiffany Kai.
Dated at Hilo Hawai`i, this 5th day of August 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
Al°°/°Z
COUNCI1EMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAI`I
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF X
the vote indicated to the right hereof adopted by the COUNCIL ofthe ILAGAN
County of Hawai`i on August 5, 2015 X
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
WILLE X
1/441),\.0 7 0 2 0
Reference: C-397/Waived PC
COUNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON & PRE IDING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 237 15
2 Page 2Resolution 237-15
Resolution No. 237-15
The Draft General Plan 2045 addresses Resolution No. 256-15 in the following ways.
The Transportation Access and Mobility element (Section 4.2) focuses on providing safe, efficient,
and affordable modes of transportation for people and goods that achieve the County’s
sustainability goals and establish resilient approaches to climate change and economic
challenges. This section is centered on improving connectivity within and between communities,
enhancing multimodal transportation options, prioritizing health and safety, reducing congestion,
and minimizing the environmental impact of transportation systems. The County’s Transit and
Multimodal Transportation Master Plan was completed in August 2018. The Draft General Plan
recognizes the need to reflect the island’s shared vision for high-quality multimodal transportation
and aims to uplift the Transportation Master Plan’s goals and strategies for achieving this vision.
The following goal, objectives, policies, and actions in the Draft General Plan integrate elements
of the Mass Transit and Multimodal Transportation Master Plan:
Climate Change Goal: Ensure a just transition to a climate resilient island by addressing the
causes and impacts of climate change through incorporating equitable climate mitigation and
adaptation priorities into policies, programs, infrastructure, and decision-making.
Objective 7: Reduce the County’s carbon footprint to net zero emissions by 2045.
•Achieve a 100 percent renewable-powered County fleet by 2035.
•Support the statewide effort to achieve 100 percent renewable ground transportation
and 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.
Policies:
7.14: Program the upgrading of the County vehicle fleet and equipment to net zero
emissions.
7.15: The Mass Transit Agency shall operate a net zero emissions fleet by 2035.
7.16: Prioritize the installation of electric vehicle chargers at community facilities, for both
County vehicles and public parking.
7.17: All new County vehicle purchases, including average mpg, emissions equivalent per
gallon of fuel (or kWh), and estimated annual operation and maintenance costs shall be
reported annually.
7.18: Prioritize the accommodation of active transportation options as part of the planning
and design of all roadway improvements to encourage non-motorized forms of transit.
Transportation Goal: Each community is connected by a multimodal and modernized
transportation network that provides a system for safe, efficient, and good comfortable movement
of people and goods.
Objective 16: Achieve a transportation system that is consistent with and will accommodate
planned growth.
Page 3Resolution 237-15
Policies:
16.7: Implement procedures for County departments to collaborate on defining short- and
long-term transportation CIP projects in terms of scope, timing, proposed funding, and
project performance measures required to optimally achieve transportation ambitions
stated in County plans, standards, and laws.
16.11: Prioritize public and private transportation investments to expand the multimodal
transportation system.
Actions:
16.a: Develop a comprehensive, island-wide multi-modal transportation plan that identifies
the location and operation of automobile, mass transit, bicycle, and pedestrian systems,
in coordination with appropriate federal and state agencies.
16.b: Develop a planning and financing strategy to fund timely and routine maintenance
of County transportation assets that secures availability and reliability, independent of CIP
activities.
16.c: Amend the County Code, Chapters 22, 23, and 24 to increase active transportation
and accommodate emerging micro-mobility solutions.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policies:
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.6: Provide public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.2: Provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities.
18.4: Bus maintenance facilities shall be developed at or near appropriate transit hubs.
18.5: Adopt hub and spoke system including alternative first and last mile or door-to-door
services.
18.7: Data shall be collected and analyzed to optimize mass transit planning, operation,
and overall performance.
Objective 19: Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
Actions:
19.c: Develop an active transportation plan to guide where complete street improvements
should be focused and replace previous pedestrian and bikeway plans.
Page 4Resolution 237-15
19.d: Identify all roles for interdepartmental collaboration in delivering a truly multimodal
transportation system.
Objective 20: Achieve a transportation system that employs all modes of transportation at a
community scale.
Policies:
20.1: Encourage the application of the County of Hawaiʻi Street Design Manual when
necessary to preserve the character of an area while maintaining a pedestrian and bicycle
friendly design and desired landscaping solutions.
20.2: In planning, designing, and constructing new roadways or modernizing
improvements, transportation agencies should balance the conservation of the area’s
natural, historic, and scenic qualities with transportation safety objectives for traffic speed,
safety, and traffic calming.
20.3: Support and provide technical assistance to assist in the development of road
improvement districts to finance road improvements.
20.4: Preserve the unique character of an area by allowing flexibility in existing roadway
improvements and maintenance while seeking a pedestrian-friendly design and desired
landscaping solutions.
20.5: Incentivize subdivision roadway connectivity.
20.6: A corridor planning/management program shall be maintained to help prioritize
various active transportation projects.
Actions:
20.a: Create and adopt a performance measure program/policy.
20.b: Amend the County Code to promote connectivity and discourage neighborhoods
with only one inlet or outlet.
20.c: Establish a corridor planning/management program that is data-driven and uses
performance-based targets and outcomes.
20.d: Designate new connectivity points for local traffic roads and create redundant routes
for existing highways, utilizing existing routes where possible, that can also serve as
emergency and evacuation routes.
20.e: Adopt a Complete Streets ordinance.
20.f: Explore options to incentivize roadway connectivity.
Objective 21: Incorporate green infrastructure to reduce stormwater runoff.
Policies:
21.1: Incorporate low-impact development (LID), green infrastructure strategies, and
pollution prevention procedures to address drainage in roadway design and update
operation and maintenance methods to retain integrity of these solutions.
Page 5Resolution 237-15
21.2: Prioritize roadway drainage improvements in flood-prone areas.
21.3: Use native vegetation when viable and maintainable to achieve the County Street
Design Manual standards.
21.4: Maintain an Adopt-a-Street program to encourage civic participation where moderate
landscaping and roadside cleaning can be done by community groups.
21.5: At a minimum, the County shall plan, site, and develop roads, bridges, and highways
to:
a) Protect areas that provide important water quality benefits or are particularly
susceptible to erosion or sediment loss;
b) Limit land disturbance such as clearing, grading, and cut and fill to reduce erosion
and sediment loss; and
c) Limit disturbance of natural drainage features and vegetation, including mitigating
impacts of stream crossings.
Objective 22: Increase transportation safety for transportation's most vulnerable users and
reduce traffic fatalities.
Policies:
22.1: Human life and public health are prioritized within all aspects of the transportation
system.
22.2: Safety solutions should be prioritized in areas with the most vulnerable populations.
22.3: Engage communities in defining issues and developing solutions for their
community, with a particular focus on prioritizing disadvantaged and vulnerable
populations.
Objective 23: Adequately maintain public transportation systems.
Policies:
23.1: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans for
pavement, bridges, and other road infrastructure to prolong the life of our transportation
system as well as reduce its whole-life cost.
23.2: Maintain the unique features of historic bridges, while balancing safety needs and
preserving historic and scenic character.
23.3: Prioritize the replacement of deficient and inadequate bridges and maintain
pedestrian/bicycle access across bridges.
23.4: Design new bridges and bridge improvements to accommodate and not negatively
impede identified scenic resources.
23.5: Evaluate freight routes identified in the State Freight Master Plan for required
improvements to meet roadway standards.
Page 6Resolution 237-15
23.6: Encourage the adoption of innovative materials and methods that improve roadway
sustainability and resilience.
Actions:
23.a: Create an asset management program.
23.b: Continue the bridge inspection program and expand rehab or replacement to include
active transportation accommodations.
Objective 24: Improve accessibility to airports, harbor systems, and support facilities.
Policies:
24.3: Transportation terminals should be developed in conjunction with the different
elements of the overall transportation system.
24.8: Encourage pedestrian-oriented connectivity around harbors and small boat harbors.
Page 7Resolution 237-15
COUNTY OF HAWAII :-• ?" "/. :•: STATE OF HAWAII
Tf of
RESOLUTION NO. 249 15
DRAFT 2)
A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS, RELATING TO GEOTHERMAL
RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT.
WHEREAS, the Hawai`i County Planning Director initiated a comprehensive review of
the County of Hawai`i General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan, the Planning Director
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone
this deadline, the Planning Director postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments
until September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to the Planning Director's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as possible, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawai`i County General
Plan:
1. Subject to the requirements of state law, the relevant Hawai`i County Planning
Commission should have the authority to regulate future geothermal development
in Hawai`i County;
2. Additional development of geothermal resources should mitigate impacts to
people by the use of best available control technology;
3. Additional development of geothermal resources that are not part of the
previously approved Geothermal Resource Permit 2 production facilities should,
to the extent possible, avoid inhabited areas;
4. Enhanced monitoring measures should continue to be conducted; and
Page 8Resolution 249-15
5. Health impact studies should continue to be conducted and the findings and
recommendations from those studies be made available to the public and
implemented.
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to the Hawai`i County Planning Director.
Dated at Kona Hawaii, this 19th day of August 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
C C M EMEMBER, OUNTY OF HAWAII
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF XthevoteindicatedtotherighthereofadoptedbytheCOUNCILofthe
ILAGANCountyofHawaiionAugust19, 2015 X
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
WILLE X
9 0 0 0
Reference: C-417.10/Waived PC
UNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON & PRESIDING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 249 15
DRAFT 2)
2 Page 9Resolution 249-15
Resolution No. 249-15
Pursuant to Section 205-2, Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes,
In establishing the boundaries of the districts in each county, the commission shall give
consideration to the master plan or general plan of the county.
(b) Urban districts shall include activities or uses as provided by ordinances or regulations of
the county within which the urban district is situated.
In addition, urban districts shall include geothermal resources exploration and geothermal
resources development, as defined under section 182-1, as permissible uses.
(c) Rural districts shall include activities or uses as characterized by low density residential
lots of not more than one dwelling house per one-half acre, except as provided by county
ordinance pursuant to section 46-4(c), in areas where "city-like" concentration of people,
structures, streets, and urban level of services are absent, and where small farms are
intermixed with low density residential lots except that within a subdivision, as defined in
section 484-1, the commission for good cause may allow one lot of less than one-half acre,
but not less than eighteen thousand five hundred square feet, or an equivalent residential
density, within a rural subdivision and permit the construction of one dwelling on such lot;
provided that all other dwellings in the subdivision shall have a minimum lot size of one-half
acre or 21,780 square feet. Such petition for variance may be processed under the special
permit procedure. These districts may include contiguous areas which are not suited to low
density residential lots or small farms by reason of topography, soils, and other related
characteristics. Rural districts shall also include golf courses, golf driving ranges, and golf-
related facilities.
In addition to the uses listed in this subsection, rural districts shall include geothermal
resources exploration and geothermal resources development, as defined under section 182-
1, and construction and operation of wireless communication antenna, as defined under
section 205-4.5(a)(18), as permissible uses.
(d) Agricultural districts shall include:
(14) Geothermal resources exploration and geothermal resources development, as defined
under section 182-1;
In addition, Planning Commission Rule 11 governs geothermal resource permit procedures
pursuant to authority conferred by HRS upon the Planning Commission to determine whether
proposed geothermal development activities should be allowed. The Commission is the issuing
authority for geothermal resource permits in geothermal subzones located within Agricultural,
Rural, and Urban State Land Use Districts in the County. The Commission’s approval of an
application for a geothermal resource permit shall not in any way abrogate nor supersede the
provisions of Chapters 182 and 183, HRS, and rules promulgated thereunder.
The Draft General Plan supports the State of Hawaiʻi’s direction toward clean energy by aligning
with State goals, promoting renewable energy development, energy efficiency, infrastructure and
grid improvements, sustainable land use planning, and climate mitigation and adaptation efforts.
Collectively, these strategies aim to create a sustainable energy future for the County. The Draft
General Plan mentions geothermal as an available renewable energy source on Hawaiʻi Island
Page 10Resolution 249-15
and provides 2022 data regarding the mix of renewable energy sources, with 15.7 percent
geothermal.
The following objective and policies in the Draft General Plan support Resolution 249-15.
Objective 25: Improve the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of essential infrastructure
systems.
Policies:
25.1: Public utility facilities shall be designed at a scale that meets the needs of future
development.
25.2: Provide utilities and service facilities that minimize total cost to the public and
effectively serve the needs of the community.
25.3: Utility facilities shall be designed to complement adjacent land uses and minimize
pollution or disturbance of the natural environment and natural resources.
25.4: Improvement of existing utility services shall be encouraged to meet the needs of
users.
25.5: Encourage the clustering of developments to reduce the cost of providing utilities.
25.6: Develop short- and long-range capital improvement programs and plans for public
utilities within its jurisdiction that are consistent with the General Plan.
The following objective and policies are more directly related to electricity and renewable energy.
Objective 29: Strive towards energy self-sufficiency.
Policies:
29.1: Increase partnerships and interagency collaboration to ensure that energy facility
production and distribution is adequate, efficient, and dependably available to each
community to support present and future demands.
29.2: Promote and encourage the creation of a modern grid to support the use of
distributed generation such as private photovoltaic systems connected to the grid.
29.3: The County shall remove barriers to energy systems that improve independence
and resiliency, such as microgrids, combined heat and power (CHP), backup generation
and storage, and other decentralized electricity systems.
29.4: Maintain tax incentives for renewable energy improvements and continue to revise
incentives as energy technologies progress.
29.5: Continue to participate at the State level to provide feedback on all energy-related
initiatives and proposed revisions to comprehensive Integrated Resource Plans.
29.6: Advocate to the Public Utility Commission (PUC) in support of the following types of
strategies and initiatives:
a) Programs and fee structures that promote renewable energy
Page 11Resolution 249-15
b) Consumer incentives to utilize renewable alternatives
c) Social Equity analysis of proposed energy projects to ensure residents are protected
as energy consumers regarding rates, grid planning, utility compensation, and energy
project siting
Page 12Resolution 249-15
ofCOUNTYOFHAWAII .:6,.... .,,• STATE OF HAWAII
msµ::
RESOLUTION NO. 250 15
A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS, RELATING TO: 1) MASS TRANSIT;
2) OPEN SPACES; 3) SENSITIVE NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
AND 4) HISTORIC TRAILS.
WHEREAS, the Hawai`i County Planning Director initiated a comprehensive review of
the County of Hawai`i General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan, the Planning Director
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone
this deadline, the Planning Director postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments
until September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to the Planning Director's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as possible, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawai`i County General
Plan:
1. Mass Transit.
The comprehensive review should include an island wide analysis of the County's
existing mass transit system, including all transit routes, fixed transit routes,
paratransit lines, and any proposed transit routes and/or transit hubs as possible. The
comprehensive review should also consider the island wide Mass Transit Master Plan
if it is completed in a timely manner within the comprehensive review timeline.
These route systems should be depicted on both an island wide map and smaller area
maps, by geographic location.
Page 13Resolution 250-15
2. Open Spaces.
The comprehensive review should include compilation of an island wide inventory of
open space and parcels of open space purchased with Public Access, Open Space, and
Natural Resources Preservation funds. All open space parcels should be depicted on
both an island wide map and smaller area maps, by geographic location. These maps
should show current and projected open space areas.
3. Sensitive Natural and Cultural Resources.
By law, traditional and customary practices of native Hawaiians as well as the
protection of public trust resources must be considered in all land use decision
making policies in the County of Hawai`i. The protection of sensitive natural and
cultural resources, as defined in Policy ENV-1.5 ofthe Kona Community
Development Plan, is critical for the survival of these cultural practices. Planning,
policies, and action steps included in the General Plan should reflect this philosophy.
4. Historic Trails.
Appropriate General Plan policies should include requirements that the County
develop a formal public access program, to include maps of existing trails from all
jurisdictions as well as potential new locations for trails, including trail connections
and extensions. The County should coordinate its public access development
initiatives with the appropriate state and/or federal agencies.
2 Page 14Resolution 250-15
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha and Mass Transit Administrator,
Tiffany Kai.
Dated at_ Kona Hawai`i, this 19th day of August 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
Jeo.A.,..d -g-ti f-
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAI`I
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF X
the vote indicated to the right hereof adopted by the COUNCIL of the
ILAGAN
County of Hawai`i on August 19, 2015 X
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
6.1\"
nce:
0
isKeseaL......_
C••418/Waived PC
COUNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON&PRESIDING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 250 15
3 Page 15Resolution 250-15
Resolution No. 250-15
The Draft General Plan 2045 addresses Resolution 250-15 in the following ways.
Mass Transit
The Draft General Plan incorporates key aspects of mass transit and elements outlined in the
County’s Transit and Multimodal Transportation Master Plan (August 2018). The Draft General
Plan integrates the vision of the Transportation Master Plan it its transportation goal (Section
4.2.2) that underscores community connectivity through a multimodal and modernized
transportation network that provides a system for safe, efficient, and comfortable movement of
people and goods. The policies of the Draft General Plan highlight connectivity and accessibility,
infrastructure and service standards, and emergency preparedness. Map 17 and 18 of General
Plan Policy Maps (pages 279-280) depict Mass Transit Agency (MTA) Hele-On bus service routes
data.
The Draft General Plan incorporates strategies to expand and improve public transit services,
aiming to increase accessibility and convenience for residents. Emphasizing the importance of
multimodal transportation, the Draft promotes the integration of various transportation modes,
such as biking, walking, and public transit, to create a seamless and efficient transportation
network. The Draft outlines specific infrastructure projects aimed at supporting mass transit,
including the development of new transit hubs, park-and-ride facilities, and dedicated bus lanes
to enhance the efficiency and reliability of transit services. Aligning with the goals of the Transit
and Multimodal Transportation Master Plan, the Draft General Plan encourages the adoption of
sustainable transportation options. This includes initiatives to transition to electric and hybrid
buses, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the use of clean energy in the public
transit system.
The Draft General Plan highlights the importance of community involvement and education in
promoting mass transit use. It proposes programs to raise awareness about the benefits of public
transit, engage with community members to understand their needs, and encourage a shift
towards more sustainable transportation habits. To ensure the successful implementation of these
initiatives, the Draft outlines potential funding sources and encourages partnerships with state
and federal agencies, private sector stakeholders, and community organizations. Overall, the
Draft General Plan takes a holistic, coordinated approach to enhancing multimodal transportation,
aimed at improving sustainability, accessibility, and reducing dependency on traditional vehicular
travel.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions related to mass transit:
Objective 7: Reduce the County’s carbon footprint to net zero emissions by 2045.
• Achieve a 100 percent renewable-powered County fleet by 2035.
• Support the statewide effort to achieve 100 percent renewable ground transportation
and 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.
Policies:
7.14: Program the upgrading of the County vehicle fleet and equipment to net zero
emissions.
Page 16Resolution 250-15
7.15: The Mass Transit Agency shall operate a net zero emissions fleet by 2035.
7.16: Prioritize the installation of electric vehicle chargers at community facilities, for both
County vehicles and public parking.
7.18: Prioritize the accommodation of active transportation options as part of the planning
and design of all roadway improvements to encourage non-motorized forms of transit.
Objective 11: Increase equitable planning and decision-making processes.
Policies:
11.1: Ensure there is necessary and adequate on-site infrastructure for development projects may include but not limited to water, wastewater, and multimodal infrastructure.
11.4: Concurrency reviews should incorporate reduction in vehicle miles traveled to
mitigate traffic impacts and achieve sustainability and demand management goals.
Objective 16: Achieve a transportation system that is consistent with and will accommodate
planned growth.
Policies:
16.1: Encourage transportation systems that serve to accommodate the present and
future development needs of communities.
16.2: Encourage safe and convenient use of low-cost, energy-efficient, non-polluting
means of transportation.
16.3: Encourage the diversification of transportation modes and infrastructure to promote
alternate fuels and energy efficiency.
16.4: Transportation and land use planning shall be integrated to optimize the use,
efficiency, and accessibility of existing mass transportation systems and future demand.
16.5: Establish a framework of transportation facilities that will influence desired land use
and promote multimodal options.
16.6: Provide for present traffic and future demands, including the development of mass
transit programs for high-growth areas by both the private and public sectors.
16.8: Prioritize CIP investments consistent with General Plan goals and objectives with
consideration for multimodal transportation demands, walking and cycling infrastructure,
and safety features for our most vulnerable roadway users, for all roadway repaving,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
16.11: Prioritize public and private transportation investments to expand the multimodal
transportation system.
Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.1: Ensure transit routes connect with other modes of active transportation consistent
with the County Street Design Manual.
Page 17Resolution 250-15
18.2: Provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities.
18.3: Maximize regular and paratransit service to the following:
a) Town centers, commercial districts, and employment centers.
b) Airports and cruise ship terminals.
c) University and adult education centers.
d) Accommodate school schedules such as after-school activities and sports.
18.4: Bus maintenance facilities should be developed at or near appropriate transit hubs.
18.5: Adopt hub and spoke system including alternative first and last mile or door-to-door
services.
18.6: Transit infrastructure (e.g., bus stops, bus pullouts, waiting benches and shelters,
and signs) shall be adequate and upgraded along existing and future transit routes.
18.7: Data shall be collected and analyzed to optimize mass transit planning, operation,
and overall performance.
18.8: Improve and expand public transportation in communities with the highest
socioeconomic needs.
18.9: The County’s public transit system assets shall be available to assist in
transportation in emergency situations.
Objective 19: Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
Policies:
19.1: Encourage collaboration between the Planning Department, the Department of
Public Works, the Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Mass Transit Agency to
define the scope and priority of capital investment projects that achieve active
transportation objectives and goals.
19.2: Increase arterial capacity through prioritization of alternative means of
transportation, such as mass transit, bicycle, and pedestrian systems.
19.4: Increase mobility for minors, non-licensed adults, low-income, elderly, and people
with mobility limitations through prioritization of alternative means of transportation.
19.5: Roadway designs and improvements made by the Department of Public Works shall
accommodate pedestrian-friendly, multimodal design, and on-street parking evaluations,
to the fullest extent possible.
19.6: Use traffic demand management to aid in reducing traffic congestion by targeting an
increase of active transportation mode share to 10 percent (bicycling, walking, micro-
mobility).
Actions:
19.d: Identify all roles for interdepartmental collaboration in delivering a truly multimodal
transportation system.
Page 18Resolution 250-15
19.e: Update traffic impact analysis requirements to include alternative evaluations to the
level of service outcomes, such as vehicle miles traveled and alternative transportation
metrics.
Open Spaces
Public Access, Open Space, Natural Resources Preservation Commission (PONC) lands are
identified on Policy Map 19 of the Draft General Plan. The Draft addresses open space through
a series of objectives, policies, and actions aimed at protecting, enhancing, and integrating these
areas into the community fabric. The Draft takes a comprehensive approach to preserving and
enhancing open spaces by integrating natural systems planning, updating land use regulations,
and promoting community health through accessible parks and recreational facilities. The
proposed strategies are part of broader efforts to ensure sustainable development and resilient
communities, with a focus on maintaining and enhancing the aesthetic quality and amenity value
of open spaces. The Draft General Plan consistently emphasizes the importance of preserving
open space and integrating it into the planning process to support environmental sustainability,
public health, and community well-being.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions related to open spaces:
Objective 1: Increase the biodiversity and resilience of native habitats.
Policy:
1.6: Encourage the preservation of native vegetation and open space during development
activities.
Action:
1.n: Develop and establish Open Space Network Overlay for natural landscape features,
such as beaches and dunes, forests, streams, floodplains, wetlands, estuaries, or
recharge areas that have the inherent capacity to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the impacts
of climate change.
Objective 2: Preserve and enhance the health and function of watersheds to promote water
recharge, improve water quality, and reduce runoff.
Policy:
2.5: Watershed management planning should recognize the ecosystem service value of
watersheds and open space to protect scenic vistas and aesthetic values; water recharge;
carbon sequestration; oxygen production; habitat enhancement and preservation; fire
suppression and fuel load management; soil conservation; preservation of cultural values;
and the potential for additional public access and recreational opportunities.
Objective 4: The historical integrity, character, scenic assets, and open spaces of our
communities are protected, restored, and treated as unique assets with significant social and
economic value and managed in perpetuity.
Objective 9: Maintain community character and land use compatibility.
Page 19Resolution 250-15
Policies:
9.3: Zoning, subdivision, and other applicable ordinances shall provide for and protect
open space areas.
9.4: Support mechanisms, such as PUD and Cluster Plan Development (CPD), that group
parcel density to preserve open space, recreational areas, or scenic viewsheds.
Actions:
9.b: Create village plans for unique urban areas that include considerations for urban
design, aesthetic quality, and the protection of amenities in adjacent areas through
landscaping, open space, and buffer areas.
9.d: Define the types of open space that are sought to be protected and establish
standards to be applied to ensure its protection.
9.f: Study the feasibility, issues, and opportunities related to the development of a TDR
program to strategically preserve open space and achieve density to remain consistent
with the land use pattern in accordance with the General Plan Land Use Maps.
Objective 10: Increase the integration of natural systems planning.
Policies:
10.1: Protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s beaches, shoreline, open spaces, and scenic
resources.
10.2: During discretionary permit applications, the Planning Director may require a
pedestrian, equestrian, and/or bicycle path when it is possible and safe to connect to
existing or future open space, drainage, or active living corridors.
10.4: Identify outstanding natural or cultural features, such as water courses, fine groves
of trees, heiau, and historical sites and structures on subdivision preliminary plat maps.
Actions:
10.a: Amend the Zoning Code to create a category for lands that should mostly be kept in
a natural state, but that may not be in the Conservation District, such as certain important
view planes, buffer areas, and very steep slopes. The zoning category should include
reasonable land uses.
10.c: Collaborate with the State Office of Planning and Sustainable Development (OPSD)
to create criteria to help identify and protect Native Hawaiian customary and traditional
practices.
Objective 13: Increase the use of Smart Growth principles to focus development within
designated urban centers.
Policies:
13.6: The establishment of urban types of zoning may include additional acreages to
account for acreages utilized for public benefits, such as historic sites, public access,
parks, and open space.
Page 20Resolution 250-15
13.38: Mitigate impacts of industrial development on surrounding uses by requiring
landscaping, trees, open spaces, buffer zones, and other appropriate conditions.
13.39: Future land uses in the vicinity of industrial areas, including airports, should have
an adequate open space buffer and/or be compatible with the anticipated aircraft noise
exposure levels for that vicinity.
13.40: Heavy Industrial and residential uses should be separated by other transitional
uses or sufficient open space.
Actions:
13.b: Incorporate flexibility in codes and ordinances to achieve a diversity of socio-
economic housing mix and to permit an aesthetic balance between residential structures
and open spaces.
13.e: Amend Zoning Code to:
i. Establish a TOD overlay zone project district with a minimum size of 15 acres.
ii. Create a TND overlay zone for existing zoned lands within identified residential
and commercial zoning districts.
iii. Allow for residential uses in ML and MCX zoning districts.
iv. Support innovative uses of alternative energy, agriculture, aquaculture, and others,
in MCX zoning districts.
v. Clearly distinguish between general industrial and service industrial types.
vi. Establish urban open space standards.
vii. Create Industrial Project Districts and Innovation Centers.
Objective 15: Support the active use of Productive Agricultural lands.
Policy:
15.4: Preserve agricultural character, including the open space preserved by agricultural
land.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policies:
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.4: Land use applications shall identify as early as possible any existing or potential
active living corridors that should be incorporated into the County’s open space network.
Objective 24: Improve accessibility to airports, harbor systems, and support facilities.
Policy:
24.7: Future land uses in the vicinity of airports and harbors should have an adequate
open space buffer and/or be compatible with the anticipated noise exposure and industrial
nature in the vicinity.
Page 21Resolution 250-15
Objective 35: Park facilities are located within a 10-minute walk in urban areas and a 10-
minute drive in rural communities.
Policy:
35.16: Prioritize maintenance and necessary improvements at existing park facilities over
developing new park facilities within each district (this does not preclude accepting lands
for future park development or acquiring properties for the intent of preserving open space,
scenic areas, natural hazard areas, or cultural/historic areas from development).
Objective 39: Prioritize providing quality affordable housing for Hawaiʻi’s residents.
Policy:
39.10: Affordable housing projects should have sufficient open space and recreational
amenities or be located near public facilities.
Sensitive Natural and Cultural Resources
The Draft General Plan addresses natural and cultural resources through a comprehensive set of
policies, objectives, and actions throughout the document. This framework focuses on
stewardship, preservation, protection, and sustainable management. While Chapter 2
Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship is the primary element for natural and cultural resources,
there are supportive strategies within the other elements of the plan (e.g., Land Use and
Economy) to reinforce the goal of sustainable management, preservation, and restoration of our
natural and cultural resources in order to maintain our unique and diverse environment. The
Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship chapter represents an approach to sustainable
development that integrates natural and cultural resource management strategies to promote
conservation, sustainability, and resilience while emphasizing collaboration and partnership
building.
The Draft General Plan’s objectives and policies address key themes that include increasing
biodiversity and resilience, promoting collaborative efforts, enhancing planning and management,
and supporting program implementation. The actions within the Draft General Plan speak to key
themes of environmental research and restoration, natural resource protection, community
involvement, and incentives and programs.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions related to natural and cultural
resources:
Objective 1: Increase the biodiversity and resilience of native habitats.
See related policies (1.1-1.18) and actions (1.a-1.z).
Objective 2: Preserve and enhance the health and function of watersheds to promote water
recharge, improve water quality, and reduce runoff.
See related policies (2.1-2.7) and actions (2.a-2.h).
Objective 3: Increase direct community restoration and collaborative efforts to conserve and
nourish the island’s biocultural resources.
See related policies (3.1-3.11) and actions (3.a-3.b).
Page 22Resolution 250-15
Objective 4: The historical integrity, character, scenic assets, and open spaces of our
communities are protected, restored, and treated as unique assets with significant social and
economic value and managed in perpetuity.
See related policies (4.1-4.12) and actions (4.a-4.n).
Objective 5: Protect, restore, and enhance our communities’ unique scenic character.
See related policies (5.1-5.6) and actions (5.a-5.d).
Objective 8: Improve the identification of climate change threats, assessment of potential
consequences, and evaluation of adaptation options.
Policy:
8.11: Partner with government (e.g., State Office of Planning and Sustainable
Development [OPSD]), private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to analyze conservation buffers to accommodate shifting native habitats
impacted by climate change, particularly wetlands and high-elevation forests.
Objective 10: Increase the integration of natural systems planning.
Policy:
10.1: Protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s beaches, shoreline, open spaces, and scenic
resources.
10.4: Identify outstanding natural or cultural features, such as water courses, fine groves
of trees, heiau, and historical sites and structures on subdivision preliminary plat maps.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policy:
17.1: Ensure Native Hawaiian access rights are clearly expressed in County code,
policies, and procedures.
Objective 48: Support the visitor industry investment in its connection with communities, the
ʻāina, and our historic and multicultural heritage.
Policies:
48.3: Prioritize the maintenance of County properties and establish appropriate protocols
for the protection of wahi pana.
48.4: Ensure and expand equitable access to interpretive information about wahi pana.
48.6: Support the coordination, collaboration, and improvement of public access to natural
and cultural resources with State agencies and landowners while balancing the need for
protection of these areas.
Historic Trails
The Draft General Plan places emphasis on the preservation and enhancement of historic trails,
recognizing their cultural, historical, and recreational value. The Draft advocates for the protection
and management of these trails through several key measures. First, the Draft highlights the
Page 23Resolution 250-15
importance of maintaining and preserving historic trails as key cultural resources. This includes
ensuring that trails remain accessible and are maintained in a manner that respects their historical
significance. In addition, historic trails are considered in land use planning, particularly in the
context of preserving the rural character of certain areas. The plan emphasizes protecting these
trails from the impacts of development by incorporating them into broader land use strategies.
There is also a focus on engaging local communities in the stewardship of historic trails. This
includes fostering partnerships with local organizations and community members who can assist
in the maintenance and promotion of these trails. The plan encourages the use of historic trails
as educational tools to promote and enhance understanding of Hawaiʻi’s cultural heritage. This
includes creating opportunities for cultural interpretation and education along these trails, which
can enhance residents’ and visitors’ appreciation of the island’s history. These efforts are part of
the broader effort of preserving Hawaiʻi’s cultural and natural resources while promoting
sustainable development and responsible tourism.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions related to historic trails:
Objective 3: Increase direct community restoration and collaborative efforts to conserve and
nourish the island’s biocultural resources.
Policy:
3.11: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to:
a)Protect special areas, structures, and elements that are an integral and functional
part of Hawaiʻi’s ethnic and cultural heritage.
b)Identify and protect wahi pana.
c)Promote the preservation and restoration of significant natural and historic
resources.
d)Aid in programmatic education concerning historic sites.
e)Maintain the shoreline area for recreational, cultural, educational, and/or scientific
uses in a manner that is protective of resources and is of the maximum benefit to
the public.
f)Encourage the documentation and preservation of traditional ecological
knowledge, identifying best management practices for integration.
Objective 5: Protect, restore, and enhance our communities’ unique scenic character.
Policies:
5.2: Preserve transportation corridors that have important scenic, historic, recreational,
natural and/or cultural resources that enhance the character and scenic resources of
communities.
5.5: Maintain a program to identify and protect viewing sites on the island.
Objective 16: Achieve a transportation system that is consistent with and will accommodate
planned growth.
Page 24Resolution 250-15
Policies:
16.5: Establish a framework of transportation facilities that will influence desired land use
and promote multimodal options.
16.13: There shall be coordinated planning of transportation systems for the funding of
projects in areas of anticipated growth and to meet program goals of other elements such
as historic, recreational, environmental quality, and land use.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policies:
17.1: Ensure Native Hawaiian access rights are clearly expressed in County code,
policies, and procedures.
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.3: Prior to disposing of, leasing, or transferring public lands through County Property
Management procedures, the County shall assess, document, and protect access to
existing active living corridors that are located on County-owned parcels.
17.4: Land use applications shall identify as early as possible any existing or potential
active living corridors that should be incorporated into the County’s open space network.
17.5: Ensure that existing active living corridors that are publicly owned or available by
easement are properly identified and that their access elements are secured and
documented.
a)Primary examples include but are not limited to historic trails and roads, roads-in-
limbo, ‘paper roads’, former sugar cane roads, train infrastructure remnants (Rails
to Trails), and pedestrian and bicycling paths.
b)“Acceptance” by the County of the responsibilities detailed in the grant of
easements should require County Council action and a dedicated funding source.
17.6: Provide public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
17.7: Establish public access to historic and modern active living corridors and facilities
that provide an island-wide route and connect to major destinations.
Actions:
17.a: Develop and adopt a program to establish public access to historic and modern
active living corridors and facilities that provide an island-wide route and connect to major
destinations.
17.b: Explore the potential of multimodal trails to serve as evacuation routes during
emergencies.
17.c: Develop standards for active living corridors to assist when reviewing discretionary
permits.
Page 25Resolution 250-15
COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
RESOLUTION NO. 251 15-
A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS, RELATING TO ROADWAYS IN SOUTH
HILO.
WHEREAS, the Hawaii County Planning Director initiated a comprehensive review of
the County of Hawaii General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan, the Planning Director
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone
this deadline, the Planning Director postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments
until September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to the Planning Director's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, transportation systems should support current economic development and
land use goals and reflect consideration of existing and potential land use along roadways and
impact upon surrounding properties; and
WHEREAS, paragraph 14.3.5.2.2(f) of the General Plan (2005 Edition, as amended),
Courses of Action" relating to South Hilo, recommends focusing commercial development in
the Waiakea Houselots area along Kekuanao`a, Pi`ilani, Manono, and Lanikaula Streets, while
zoning interior blocks primarily for single- and multi -family residential use; and
WHEREAS, to afford the community, planners, and policy makers broad discretion to
consider all factors related to roadway planning in the Waiakea Houselots area during the
comprehensive review process, paragraph 14.3.5.2. 2(1) of the General Plan (2005 Edition, as
amended), should be removed; and
WHEREAS, inappropriate or unnecessary placement of roadways can result in loss of
square footage from real property; destruction of existing structures and dwellings; devaluation
of privately owned property; and significant cost; and
Page 26Resolution 251-15
WHEREAS, to avoid these undesirable impacts upon the community, the following
future collector roads shown on the South Hilo District Transportation -Roadways map, that is
currently included as Figure 48 in the General Plan (2005 Edition, as amended), should be
removed:
A. Saddle Road/Flume Road to Puainako Street
B. Kipuni Street to Kukuau Street
C. Komohana Street to Pohakulani Street
D. Railroad Avenue to Kekuanao`a Street
E. Kipuni Street to Kupulau Road
F. Puainako Street to Hoaka Road
G. Waikahe Road to Alaloa Road
H. Alaloa Road to Haihai Street
I. Waikahe Road to Kanoelehua Avenue
J. Kupulau Road to Railroad Avenue; and
WHEREAS, incorporating the aforementioned changes into the General Plan would be
in direct alignment with the Plan's overall goals and purposes; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as possible, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawaii County General
Plan:
1. Remove section 14.3.5.2.2 of the General Plan (2005 Edition, as amended), relating
to South Hilo, that recommends focusing commercial development in the Waiakea
Houselots area along Kekuanao`a, Pi`ilani, Manono, and Lanikaula Streets; and
2. Remove the following future collector roads shown on the South Hilo District
Transportation -Roadways map, currently included as Figure 48 in the General Plan
2005 Edition, as amended):
A. Saddle Road/Flume Road to Puainako Street
B. Kipuni Street to Kukuau Street
C. Komohana Street to Pohakulani Street
D. Railroad Avenue to Kekuanao`a Street
E. Kipuni Street to Kupulau Road
F. Puainako Street to Hoaka Road
G. Waikahe Road to Alaloa Road
H. Alaloa Road to Haihai Street
I. Waikahe Road to Kanoelehua Avenue
J. Kupulau Road to Railroad Avenue.
M Page 27Resolution 251-15
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha.
Dated at Kona Hawai`i, this 19th day of August 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
11 o' (
It
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF X
the vote indicated to the right hereof adopted by the COUNCIL ofthe
ILAGAN XCountyofHawaiionAugust19, 2015
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
WILLS X1
7122) _I/e/.""
e-
9 0 0 0
Reference: C-420/Waived PC
COUNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON & PRESID G OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 251 15
3 Page 28Resolution 251-15
Resolution No. 251-15
The Draft General Plan addresses Resolution 251-15 in the following ways.
Section 14.3.5.2.2 of the 2005 General Plan, relating to South Hilo, that recommends focusing
commercial development in the Waiakea Houselots area along Kekuanaoa, Piilani, Manono, and
Lanikaula Streets is not included in the Final Recommended Draft General Plan (July 2024).
A. Saddle Road/ Flume Road to Puainako Street
Construction of Saddle Road from in the vicinity of Flume Road to Puainako Street has
been completed and removed from the Future Roadways Map.
B. Kipuni Street to Kukuau Street
Such a connection does not exist in the 2005 General Plan and is not on the Final Draft
General Plan Future Roadway Maps.
C. Komohana Street to Pohakulani Street
Such a connection does not exist in the 2005 General Plan and is not on the Final Draft
General Plan Future Roadway Maps.
D. Railroad Avenue to Kekuanaoa Street
As drawn in the 2005 General Plan and in the Final Draft General Plan, an extension of
Puainako Street from Railroad Avenue to Kekuanaoa Street, in the vicinity of the Hilo
Airport is necessary as a second exit from the airport and is desired as a route to connect
the airport to the Daniel K. Inouye Highway (also known as the Saddle Road). The Daniel
K. Inouye Highway is an essential cross island route.
E. Kipuni Street to Kupulau Road
This connection has been redrawn to extend Kupulau Road to Kalulu Street and then
further to Mohouli Street.
F. Puainako Street to Hoaka Road
This connection is still reflected in the Final Draft General Plan and is necessary to support
infill development in the urban area.
G. Waikahe Road to Alaloa Road
This is not in the 2005 or the Final Draft General Plan.
H. Alaloa Road to Haihai Street
This connection is still reflected in the Final Draft General Plan and is necessary to support
infill development in the urban area.
I. Waikahe Road to Kanoelehua Avenue
This is not in the 2005 or the Final Draft General Plan.
Page 29Resolution 251-15
J. Kupulau Road to Railroad Avenue
This connection is still reflected in the Final Draft General Plan and is necessary to support
infill development in the urban area.
It should be noted that the maps are intended for planning purposes only and should not be used
for boundary interpretations or other spatial analysis beyond the limitations of the data.
Page 30Resolution 251-15
COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
RESOLUTION NO. 256 15
RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN,IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS,RELATING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
AHUPUA'A SYSTEM.
WHEREAS,the Hawai`i County Planning Director initiated a comprehensive review of the
County of Hawai`i General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS,pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan,the Planning Director
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone this
deadline,the Planning Director postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments until
September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to the Planning Director's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, Hawai`i County is moving towards embracing and promoting sustainability
and self-sufficiency which is not only desirable, but necessary and critical to our long term
survival as an island community; and
WHEREAS, "ahupua`a" is defined as an old Hawai`i term for a large traditional
socioeconomic/geologic/climatic subdivision of land which varied in size depending on the
economic means of the location and political divisions of the area; and
WHEREAS, Hawai`i State law(sec. 226-2, Hawai`i Revised Statutes) also defines
ahupua`a" as a traditional native Hawaiian resource and behavioral management system that
ensures respect for the air, land, water, and other scarce natural resources that make life
sustainable from the mountains to the sea; and
WHEREAS, as native Hawaiians used resources within their ahupua`a, they practiced aloha
respect), laulima(cooperation), and malama(stewardship) which resulted in a desirable pono
balance), and used the ahupua'a as the fundamental land unit through which they determined the
appropriate use of land within the ahupua'a and through which they determined means to protect
and preserve resources within and without the ahupua`a; and
Page 31Resolution 256-15
WHEREAS, land use practices based on integration and protection of resources from the
mountain to the sea, "ahupua`a" principles already guide many of our land use planning goals
and policies; and
WHEREAS, it is appropriate and timely that ahupua'a principles be included in the next
version of the County of Hawai`i General Plan; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as appropriate, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawai`i County
General Plan, in the following sections:
1.Purpose of the General Plan (presently found in sec. 1.1)
Include the following purpose, as written or in substantially similar language:
Utilize the geographical features of the ahupua'a land divisions and the
historical use of the ahupua'a land divisions as the basis for identifying
important values and priorities and for developing and applying
appropriate regulatory decisions and other government programs in this
County."
2.General Plan Program (presently found in sec. 1.3)
Add the following, as written or in substantially similar language, to the
discussion contained in the General Plan Program section or in another
appropriate section:
Recent studies have revealed that the use of the ahupua'a as the basis for
land use as a model is relevant to the County of Hawai`i's desire to
achieve sustainability goals. For this reason, when reviewing and
implementing the Goals, Policies, and Courses of action set forth in each
of the fourteen (14) study elements, the County of Hawaii shall require
that each study element be analyzed, studied, and implemented in context
of the ahupua'a as a land use model."
3.Land Use Policies (presently found in sec. 14.1.3)
Include the following policy, as written or in substantially similar language:
Incorporate the values and philosophy of the ahupua'a land division
resource management system into land use policies and develop and apply
regulatory decisions and other government programs, as appropriate."
2
Page 32Resolution 256-15
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha.
Dated at Hilo Hawai`i, this 2nd day of September 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
at.. ggigVev-
COUNCIL ' : ' , _! -1'1' Y OF HAWAII
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF X
the vote indicated to the right hereof adopted by the COUNCIL of the
ILAGAN
County of Hawaii on September 2, 2015 X
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
1r WILLE X
7 ' 1 9 0 0 0
Reference:C-429/Waived PC
1 JNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON &PRESIDING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 256 15
3
Page 33Resolution 256-15
Resolution No. 256-15
1. Purpose of the General Plan (presently found in sec. 1.1)
Include the following purpose, as written or in substantially similar language: “Utilize the
geographical features of the ahupuaʻa land divisions and the historical use of the ahupuaʻa
land divisions as the basis for identifying important values and priorities and for developing
and applying appropriate regulatory decisions and other government programs in this
County.”
The draft integrates the concept of ahupuaʻa into planning and decision-making processes by
highlighting the use of geographical boundaries and historical practices of these systems to
identify key values such as resource sustainability, cultural significance, and biocultural
stewardship. This framework is applied in land use planning and regulatory decisions to
ensure that development aligns with the natural environment and cultural traditions. The plan
incorporates ahupuaʻa based management to guide sustainable resource use, community
planning, and protection of cultural sites. This approach promotes a balance between modern
development and historical land use practices, ensuring that regulatory decisions are
grounded in the island’s unique geographical and cultural landscape. See Chapter 2
Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship and Section 4.1 Land Use.
2. General Plan Program (presently found in sec. 1.3)
Add the following, as written or in substantially similar language, to the discussion contained
in the General Plan Program section or in another appropriate section: “Recent studies have
revealed that the use of the ahupuaʻa as the basis for land use as a model is relevant to the
County of Hawaiʻi’s desire to achieve sustainability goals. For this reason, when reviewing
and implementing the Goals, Policies, and Courses of action set forth in each of the fourteen
(14) study elements, the County of Hawaiʻi shall require that each study element be analyzed,
studied, and implemented in context of the ahupuaʻa as a land use model.”
The draft plan aims to ensure that resource management, environmental protection, and
historic and cultural preservation are integrated into each of the general plan elements, such
as housing, infrastructure, and natural resources. This interwoven approach supports the
county’s broader goals of promoting environmental sustainability, cultural sensitivity, and
community well-being, ensuring that modern land use respects traditional practices while
addressing current challenges.
3. Land Use Policies (presently found in sec. 14.1.3)
Include the following policy, as written or in substantially similar language: “Incorporate the
values and philosophy of the ahupuaʻa land division resource management system into land
use policies and develop and apply regulatory decisions and other government programs, as
appropriate.”
The draft incorporates the philosophy of the ahupuaʻa land division resource management
system into its land use policies. It emphasizes the integration of key values, such as
sustainability, balance, and responsible resource use, into regulatory decisions and
government programs. The plan aligns modern land management with traditional practices,
ensuring that decisions about land, water, and natural resources reflect both cultural heritage
Page 34Resolution 256-15
and the need for environmental stewardship. By embedding these principles into policy, the
county promotes a more sustainable and culturally aware approach to development and
governance.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Biocultural Stewardship Goal: Natural and cultural resources are thriving and sustainably
managed, preserved, and restored to maintain our unique and diverse environment.
Objective 1: Increase the biodiversity and resilience of native habitats.
See related policies 1.1-1.18 and actions 1.a-1.z.
Objective 2: Preserve and enhance the health and function of watersheds to promote water
recharge, improve water quality, and reduce runoff.
See related policies 2.1-2.7 and actions 2.a-2.h.
Objective 3: Increase direct community restoration and collaborative efforts to conserve and
nourish the island’s biocultural resources.
See related policies 3.1-3.11 and actions 3.a-3.b.
Objective 4: The historical integrity, character, scenic assets, and open spaces of our
communities are protected, restored, and treated as unique assets with significant
social and economic value and managed in perpetuity.
See related policies 4.1-4.12 and 4.a-4.n.
Objective 5: Protect, restore, and enhance our communities’ unique scenic character.
See related policies 5.1-5.6 and actions 5.a-5.d.
Page 35Resolution 256-15
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COUNTY OF HAWAII -•E' /. STATE OF HAWAII
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RESOLUTION NO. 257 15
DRAFT 2)
A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS.
WHEREAS, section 16.1( 1) of the County of Hawai`i General Plan (2005 edition),
Hawaii County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha initiated a comprehensive review of the
General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to Director Kanuha's
invitation to submit recommended amendments to the General Plan for further consideration and
review by the Planning Director and the Planning Commissions prior to the Council taking final
action; and
WHEREAS, the Council believes it is in the best interest of the General Plan Revision
process to first consider the overarching principles and policies prior to pursuing strategy options
and data research, and therefore here addresses General Plan principles, policies, and goals; and
WHEREAS, the Council believes that every effort should be made to balance and
maximize the interlocking objectives of environmental, socio-cultural and economic well-being
but also seeks to clarify the priority status of environmental and socio-cultural well-being; and
WHEREAS, the Community Development Plans and Area Improvement Plans now
provide the appropriate vehicle for community level planning, and therefore the revised General
Plan should focus on island-wide policies and not include regional and community level
objectives and action plans; and
WHEREAS, the Council believes reducing the General Plan subject matter policies to
key island-wide goals and priorities is preferable to the more descriptive broad brush approach of
the 2005 General Plan, and therefore recommends that the background statistics and findings as
well as the strategies and action plans be set forth separately; and
WHEREAS, the Council believes that areas in which the County and the State have
overlapping jurisdiction, such as in the areas of health, energy, agriculture, and tourism, are
matters that the County also has responsibility to advance in pursuit of island wide well-being
and therefore the revised General Plan should also specifically addresses those subject areas; and
Page 36Resolution 257-15
WHEREAS, the Council believes it is also in the best interest of the County to advance
County government organizational health and fiscal health as separate and distinct General Plan
objectives; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposals during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review and ultimately
incorporate them as appropriate into the final proposed amendments to the Hawai`i County
General Plan:
1. Retain Sections 1.1 and 1.2 of the 2005 General Plan as Chapter 1 of the Revised
General Plan;
2. Insert the attached Exhibit A "GENERAL PLAN POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES" as
Chapter 2 of the Revised General Plan;
3. Insert the attached Exhibits B through Exhibit 0, "GENERAL PLAN CATEGORIES"
as Chapter 3 of the Revised General Plan, using the following or similar titles:
B. AGRICULTURE
C. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: GENERAL, ZONING, LAND USE
D. EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES
E. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
F. ENERGY
G. ENVIRONMENT
H. GOVERNANCE AND ETHICS
I. HEALTH AND RECREATION
J. HOUSING AND SHELTER
K. MILITARY
L. SENSE OF PLACE/NATURAL BEAUTY/CULTURE/PUBLIC ACCESS
M. TOURISM
N. TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CIRCULATION
O. WATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY, WASTE WATER SERVICES,
AND SOLID WASTE SERVICES;
4. Retain Chapters 15 and 16 of the 2005 General Plan as the final Chapters in the
Revised General Plan;
5. Place the 2005 General Plan Sections 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8, as appropriately updated, in
the Appendices to the Revised General Plan;
6. Place all statistical analysis and background research in the Appendices to the
Revised General Plan appendices; and
7. Place the Strategies and Action Plan Sections in a separate Chapter or in the
Appendices to the Revised General Plan as the Planning Director deems appropriate.
2 Page 37Resolution 257-15
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawai`i County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha.
Dated at Hilo , Hawai`i, this 2nd day of September 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
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COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawaii AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF X
the vote indicated to the right hereof adopted by the COUNCIL of the
ILAGANCountyofHawaiionSeptember2, 2015 X
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
WILLE X
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Reference: C-430.5/Waived PC
OUNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON PRES DING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 257 15
DRAFT 2)
3 Page 38Resolution 257-15
Exhibit A
GENERAL PLAN POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES
PART I. THE OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES OF THE GENERAL PLAN.
Principle 1. Prioritization of environmental and socio-cultural well-being
All county decision-making shall routinely be based on whether there is a positive impact
on each of the following, in the following descending order of priority:
1. Malama `aina: Positive environmental well-being impact; and,
2. Pono: Positive social and cultural well-being impact; and,
3. Kuleana: Positive economic well-being impact.
Principle 2: Prioritization of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness
The County shall routinely assess all programs to maximize public safety and emergency
preparedness, as a priority over public convenience.
Principle 3: Prioritization of Organizational Health
The County, and all its agencies and units, shall routinely self-monitor itself in terms of
overall organization and efficiency.
Principle 4: Prioritization of Fiscal Health
The County, and all its agencies and units, shall routinely pursue a level of fiscal health
such that government services can function efficiently for all basic services.
PART II. DISCUSSION OF THE THREE OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES OF
ECONOMIC WELL-BEING, SOCIO-CULTURAL WELL-BEING, AND ECONOMIC
WELL-BEING.
Economic well-being, environmental well-being, and socio-cultural well-being increasingly
merge once the focus is on long-term well-being. These are not silo classifications and instead
are interlocking objectives. As interlocking objectives the goal must be to positively impact all
three areas of well-being, and conversely to minimize harm to any of these three well-being
objectives. Every effort must be to avoid direct conflict between the three principles. Selection of
strategies that advance economic interests but does not provide for positive environmental and
positive socio-cultural impacts is not acceptable.
For purposes of reviewing a proposed plan or strategy, an initial assessment shall be to
individually assess the following subcategories:
1. Short-term economic well-being (usually assumed);
2. Long-term economic well-being;
3. Social well-being of individuals and families, including educational opportunities;
Page 39Resolution 257-15
4. Cultural well-being of the island's heritage and its diverse populations, including
preservation of and public access to sacred and special places; and
5. Environmental well-being of the `aina, including of the land and soils, of the
waters—surface, underground, and coastal, and of the air.
Principle 1. Prioritization of environmental and socio-cultural well-being
The highest priority of environmental well-being. There no longer exists the luxury of
taking the well-being of the environment for granted. The premise that the `aina will take
care of itself or at least will repair itself over time, is no longer a sustainable model.
Hawai`i Island is also faced with an increasing number of cumulative environmental
challenges—global warming, rising land and ocean temperatures, droughts, sea level rise,
harmful invasive species, and more turbulent weather patterns. These challenges must be
considered in all planning decisions.
The next highest priority of socio-cultural well-being. Social well-being encompasses all
of the human challenges that confront the community as a whole and as individuals, in
terms of basic needs, such as adequate food and shelter, health care, day-to-day safety.
Cultural well-being and a sense of place provide the foundation for a vibrant community
identity which encompasses that which is sacred and special to individual communities
and as an Island `Ghana.
A concerted effort to stem the rise in crime, especially drug related, must be tackled on a
community level and not just left to the police. Likewise with the economic downturn,
we are also faced with rising homelessness and rising numbers of children who go hungry
to school. Rather than continue with a focus on handouts for those in need, a critical part
of all social service programs—from housing to health care, must be to incorporate a job
and educational training to help break cycles of dependence "on the system".
It is also critical that the county engage the public as a community on a commitment to
community wide health, both mental health and physical health. Priorities with respect to
build out infrastructure and funding must reflect that priority. For example, providing
safe pedestrian access ways along with safe bikeways is now a higher priority than
automobile convenience.
The priority of short-term and long-term economic well-being. Short-term economic
well-being is an inherent human goal, starting with the need to provide for food and
shelter and thereafter for all other individual and family needs and desires. Each
community member has a kuleana to care for themselves and their family. Each
community member also has a kuleana—as an individual and community kuleana- to
support the long-term economic well-being of their community. Promoting and
facilitating educational opportunities is one key to long-term economic well-being. In
essence education is about connecting those seeking knowledge with those who know
have the knowledge in a particular area. Those who are in a position to mentor, whether
as an instructor, as an employer, as a neighbor, or as a volunteer, are asked to contribute
2 Page 40Resolution 257-15
to the pool of knowledge—to share their mana'o with those who seek knowledge and
training in a particular field.
All community members are in a position to contribute to the island wide economic well-
being—in one capacity or another. We can no longer view the world in terms of two
classes - the haves and the have-nots. There are no free lunches—to the extent one is fit
and able of course. All who reside on this island, who are a part of this Island, are asked
to contribute in light of one's skill set and abilities to face the challenges ahead. Likewise
there is longer room for the approach of"Fend for yourself'. We share one and the same
island canoe.
Principal 2: Prioritization of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness
The interim between the last major revision of the General Plan in 2005 and the present—
is highlighted by landmark cases supporting the public trust doctrine. The Hawai`i
constitutional public trust doctrine underscores the obligation of both State and County
governments to protect our natural resources from overuse and abuse, for the benefit of
both the current and future generations. Hawai`i County took a step further by amending
its "Constitution", the County Charter, by imposing on the County government a public
trust obligation for both natural and cultural resources.
It is also during the period since the 2005 Edition of the General Plan, that Hawai`i
County was faced with a wave of natural disasters—hurricanes, tropical storms,
earthquakes, tsunamis, and a volcanic eruption that has held a significant region of the
County hostage. These acute disasters have provided the island community with a kind of
reality check. Individually and collectively, residents cannot take well-being for granted.
Disaster planning and resiliency planning are critical starting with the need for
redundancy and back-up systems. Redundancy in networking and connectivity is critical
for all essential services from road connectivity to media network connectivity (internet
radio/tv/newspaper). And rather than becoming territorial about responsibilities, overlap
and sharing of resources shall be the norm.
Principal 3: Prioritization of Organizational Health
Improved organizational structure and connectivity between all branches and units within
the County government shall be a high priority. A new emphasis will be placed on
strengthening the networking and communication between the Mayor, the Council
Members, the County Departments and Agencies, County Commissions and Boards, and
the Community Development Plan Action Committees. All units within the County
government must routinely engage in self-monitoring and performance evaluation.
Increased collaboration and partnership with the state and federal governments is also
essential.
Principal 4: Prioritization of Fiscal Health
The County shall pursue a level of fiscal health such that government services can
function efficiently in all Districts for all basic services. As part of the General Plan the
County shall pursue strategies to fund its goals and objectives. Prioritization of increasing
revenue streams without simply raising property taxes will be made an agenda item in all
3 Page 41Resolution 257-15
budget discussions. As part of achieving fiscal health, the County shall seek more taxing
authority from the state, such as through increased allocation of TAT revenues, as well as
increased funding from fees and penalties, and shall rally against unfunded mandates.
Likewise the County must act proactively to ensure that the neighboring Islands receive
their fair share of state infrastructure funding. A greater emphasis shall also be placed on
grant writing for all departments.
PART III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENERAL PLAN AND THE
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS.
The 2005 General Plan set forth specific data, goals, strategies, and action items for each region
of the County. However between the years 2005 and the present, regional Community
Development Plans have been adopted and approved by the County Council. The revised
General Plan therefore addresses only island-wide goals and policies rather corresponding
regional or community goals and policies that would more appropriately be included in the single
regional or community development plans.
PART IV. NEW ITEMS IN THE GENERAL PLAN.
COUNTY KULEANA FOR MATTERS OF OVERLAPPING JURISDICTION:
The County must accept its kuleana with respect to areas in which the County's jurisdiction
overlaps with state and/or federal jurisdiction. Areas of overlapping jurisdiction include health,
energy, agriculture, corrections, coastal waters, surface water quality and quantity,
transportation, tourism, and recreation. These areas were not addressed with any particularity in
the previous General Plan. The revised General Plan will now address these and other areas of
overlapping jurisdiction.
AHUPUA'A APPROACH:
THE AHUPUA'A AS THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DECISION-MAKING:
When reviewing and implementing the Goals, Policies, and Courses of action set forth in each
subject section of the General Plan, the County shall ensure that each study element be analyzed,
studied, and implemented in context of the ahupua'a as a land use model. Recent studies have
revealed that the use of the ahupua'a as the basis for land use as a model is relevant to the
County of Hawai`i's desire to achieve sustainability goals. (Adapted from David Resolution No.
256-15)
AHUPUA'A SYSTEM APPROACH:
Utilize the geographical features of the ahupua'a land divisions and the historical use of the
ahupua'a land divisions as the basis for identifying important values and priorities and for
developing and applying appropriate regulatory decisions and other government programs in this
County." (Adopted from David Resolution No. 256-15)
4 Page 42Resolution 257-15
The ahupua'a principles of managing natural resources embodies the precautionary principle of
ensuring that our natural resources are respected as shared common resources, and that care
should be taken to maximize the availability of those resources for each other and for future
generations.
PART V. CLARIFICATION OF THE HIERARCHY OF COUNTY LAWS.
Other than the County Charter, the General Plan trumps all Community Development Plans, all
Area Improvement Plans such as the Hilo Development Plan, all County Ordinances and Rules,
as well as the County's Operating and Capital Budgets. The Community Development Plans
however are to be read as incorporated by reference in the General Plan and in the absence of
language in the General Plan that is expressly and specifically inconsistent therewith, take
precedence over any less specific provision of the General Plan. The current Community
Development Plan regions are Puna, Kona,North Kohala, and South Kohala. The Hamakua, and
Ka'u Community Development Plans are expected to be completed prior to passage of the
Revised General Plan.
Likewise, to the extent that a Community Development Plan contains both district level
directives as well as community level directives, the district or regional level directives take
precedence.
5 Page 43Resolution 257-15
Exhibit B
Agriculture
1. BIODIVERSITY AND HEALTH OF THE SOIL:
a. Prioritize the long-term health of the soil and surrounding ecosystems,
including by promoting sequestration farming practices that maximize the
amount of carbon dioxide pulled from the atmosphere and minimize its
loss when stored in soil such as use of cover crops, routine crop rotation,
and expansive composting to limit the impact of drought.
b. Promote on-island private and community compost operations to
maximize the availability of compost and mulch (that has been processed
to eliminate the risk of little red fire ants and other invasive species).
c. Discourage the use of glyphosate containing herbicides and other toxic
herbicides.
2. INVASIVE SPECIES:
a. Prioritize elimination of the spread of harmful invasive species, including
the little red fire ant and the coffee borer, including by way of increased
public education.
b. Identify locations and areas where harmful invasive species are found.
c. Create a county level master plan to address the array of invasive species
issues.
d. Prioritize assistance to farmers combating invasive species that are
harmful to local crops.
e. Maintain up to date educational materials to prevent and minimize harm
from invasive species.
f. Maximize the number of Albizia trees that endanger public roads and
rights of ways to be chipped and used for mulch or compost.
g. Assist interested communities in purchasing supplies to eradicate coqui
frogs and little red fire ants.
3. IRRIGATION "DITCH" WATER:
Ensure the availability of Ag water for agriculture to the maximal extent
possible.
a. Prioritizing functioning of irrigation ditch systems.
b. Prioritizing that irrigation ditches are under the control of state or county
governmental entity, in or not in partnership of non-profit entity, in order
to prevent exclusive control of agricultural irrigation systems by single
private entities.
c. To the extent possible diversify uses of irrigation systems to include
recreational use of ditches.
d. Prioritize protection of the irrigation ditch aquatic ecosystem.
e. Prioritize management of irrigation ditches as exercise in cultural and
historical preservation.
6 Page 44Resolution 257-15
4. FISH PONDS AND AQUAPONICS:
Prioritize the restoration of fish ponds and support aquaponics.
5. VALUE ADDED ENTERPRISES:
Prioritize value added agricultural enterprises including mobile
slaughterhouses, vacuum cooling plants, and community based certified
kitchens.
6. PROTECT NON-GMO CROPS FROM CONTAMINATION:
Prioritize protection of non-GMO farms from being contaminated by drift
from GMO operations, including by designating non-GMO crop zones.
7. FARMWORKER PROTECTION:
Prioritize adequate health benefits and safety protection for farmworkers.
8. FOOD SUSTAINABILITY:
a. Prioritize programs that make locally grown food readily accessible—
including the Food Basket programs and farmers markets, as well as
prioritize farm to school and school garden programs.
b. Promote a"We are all farmers"program to encourage all
homeowners to have a garden—which could span from growing herbs
in a kitchen to any size garden, whether at the residence or elsewhere.
c. Encourage residential developers to plant fruit bearing trees and to
allocate space for community gardens wherever possible.
9. FAMILY FARMS AND LOCAL CO-OPERATIVES:
Prioritize locally owned small to medium sized farms and local co-operatives
with a diversity of crops versus mono-crop oriented multinational or mainland
agricultural holdings.
10. LOCAL FOOD/PRODUCTS GENERALLY:
Promote availability of locally prepared foods generally, including to:
a. Coordinate with the CDP Action Committees to establish at least one ag
park in each District for food production by community members.
b. Prioritize access to at least one certified kitchen and one agricultural hub
in each community.
c. Promote efforts to better identify Hawai`i grown/PR food in restaurants
d. Prioritize the accurate brand identification of crops and food products that
are unique and special to Hawai`i Island.
e. Prioritize proper identification of locally grown products.
f. Prioritize supplying all large institutions— schools, military, and hotels,
with food grown on this island; Work with state legislators to disallow the
use of the label "Hawaiian", unless 100% made in Hawai`i.
g. In collaboration with the Department of Education, seek to reduce
regulatory barriers to Farm to School programs (such as that all boxes of
produce must weigh exactly the same, or that every recipient must receive
exactly the same items each distribution date).
h. Establish a food and food distribution network policy council (build on the
Food Basket's models for distribution networking).
7 Page 45Resolution 257-15
i. Routinely advance healthier eating Council resolutions to encourage
island-wide engagement in supporting Hawai`i island grown produce and
meats (such as October as the month to buy only Hawai`i Island grown
vegetables, and November to buy only Hawai`i Island grass fed beef and
Hawai`i Island raised chickens).
11. RIGHT TO KNOW:
Promote right to know efforts that enable consumer to identify food
ingredients that consumers want or want to avoid, including by establishing a
program to certify Hawai`i Island grown crops and foods.
12. IMPORTANT AG LAND CLASSIFICATIONS:
Work with State, to the extent permitted under State Law, to place all
agricultural zoned land with soil classifications of A or B soil as "Important
Ag Land", and where appropriate with a soil classification of C soil.
13. EMPLOYMENT ISSUES:
In collaboration with the State legislature, address wide spread employment
issues:
a. The worker status issue, that is: employers paying agricultural workers as
if a contractor and worker then do not receive benefits, public ends up
subsidizing.
b. The under the table payment issue, that is: workers paid cash and no
benefits and public ends up subsidizing.
c. The part-time employee issue and how to enable employers to provide
some benefits to part-time without excessive costs and excessive
paperwork.
14. MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES AND GROW LOCATIONS:
To the extent allowed by State law,provide that the Council, by way of a
Resolution, may restrict marijuana and hemp growing and dispensary
locations.
15. PRIORITIZE AG TOURISM:
Prioritize establishment of an Ag-Tourism program that provides for
reasonable protection of neighboring property owners based on separate
criteria for major and minor Ag-Tourism operations.
8 Page 46Resolution 257-15
Exhibit C
Economic Development: General, Zoning, Land Use
General:
1. CDP ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EMPHASIS:
Encourage and assist CDP Action Committees through formation of a
Community Leadership Council CDP subcommittee, to play an active role in
formulating strategies and action plans for economic development in the CDP
District.
2. MERCHANT AND BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS:
Encourage establishment of Merchant and Business Associations in each
business community.
3. SPECIAL IDENTITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
a. Prioritize economic development that is compatible with preserving the
environment, supporting good paying jobs, and promoting a sense of
place.
b. Prioritize special identity development in each community by way of
design review advisory committees that promote unique architectural,
landscape, and signage themes.
4. PROCUREMENT:
In coordination with the State, seek to revise procurement process to
incentivize those who propose quality work and have a track record of quality
work and accountability, rather than be a process simply to arrive at the lowest
bid.
5. BROADBAND:
Prioritize the availability of high-speed broadband accessibility and create
high tech industrial parks, with the objective of providing community based
broadband of 1 gigabit per second fiber optic lines or wireless broadband, and
with no region of the Island served with less than 25 megabits per second.
6. MASS TRANSIT EMPHASIS TO ALL WORKFORCE PLANNING:
Prioritize mass transit so workers can travel at low cost by bus and connect to
smaller intra-community bus and voucher taxi, "uber" services, scooter, or
sampan services", as well as coordinate with area school for"walking school
buses" and school vans.
7. ALOHA FRIENDLY SIGNAGE:
Provide more visitor oriented signage, as well as allow limited sandwich signs
for businesses subject to a permit to regulate in a manner than avoids
interference with pedestrian and bike passage.
8. EFFICIENCY OF PERMITING:
a. Maximize permitting by way of the interne to avoid traveling and
standing in lines.
b. Maximize "one-stop"permitting; provide checklists of"to dos" for all
permit applicants—including for compliance with the General Plan and
the CDPs.
9 Page 47Resolution 257-15
9. WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT:
Partner with the resorts and other businesses to address gaps in local workforce
development.
10. PERMIT SYSTEM REEVALUATION:
Reevaluate all code and rules relating to permits and special permits to
simplify and reduce cost, while at the same time making them more
transparent to the interested public.
11. PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF CERTAIN BUSINESSES:
Discourage the preferential treatment, such as the preferential treatment of
certain businesses in the State-County Enterprise Zone Program (which gives
the highest preference to biotech operations.)
Zoning:
1. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ZONED LAND:
Increase availability of commercially and industrially zoned lands with
substantial buffers to residential and agricultural lands.
2. OHANA DWELLING UNITS:
Maximize incorporation of`ohana dwellings subject to the availability of
adequate sewerage disposal fields.
3. COMPOSTING ON AG ZONED LAND:
Provide the expanded use of agriculturally zoned land for commercial
composting and mulching.
4. WELLNESS CENTERS ON AG LAND:
To the extent permitted under state law, allow wellness centers and retreats in
agriculturally zoned lands. Wellness centers would include fitness center
programs, provided no new structures are required and the space used for the
fitness program is less than 3000 square feet.
5. BED AND BREAKFASTS:
Inventory all Island Bed and Breakfasts and determine what if any additional
regulation is necessary.
6. BUILT INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS:
If any built infrastructure is required, place a deadline date for its completion,
after which the Development would revert to the prior zoning classification.
7. GMO INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE ZONING:
Assuming the cultivation of GMO crops is legally permissible in Hawai`i
County:
a. Designate Industrial Ag Zones with adequate buffers from other
agricultural lands and require adequate buffers from any waterways.
b. Restrict the cultivation of GMO crops to locations zoned as industrial
agriculture, or in the alternative, require a special permit to allow GMO
cultivation elsewhere based on demonstrating the absence of risk of
contamination to non-GMO farming operations and to other agricultural
lands (use the current practices of the floral industry as example of best
practices to prevent contamination of non-GMO crops and plants).
c. Grandfather GMO crop locations existing at the time of passage of
Ordinance 13-121, as Industrial Agricultural Zones.
10 Page 48Resolution 257-15
Land Use:
1. AHUPUA'A SYSTEM APPROACH:
Incorporate the values and philosophy of the ahupua'a land division resource
management system into land use policies and develop and apply regulatory
decisions and other government programs, as appropriate. (Adapted from
David Resolution No. 256-15)
2. AVOID STRIP DEVELOPMENT:
Minimize strip development including by requiring wide (12 feet plus)
vegetative strips along roadways as part of complete street programs in call
village or "town" centers.
3. SENSE OF PLACE AND REAR PARKING:
a. Whenever possible, require that in all shopping center parking be located
in the rear of buildings;
b. Require natural vegetation strip with canopy trees along all roadways.
c. Require a tree lined pedestrian walkway through all parking lots from the
street to the center that minimizes auto traffic crossings.
d. Promote design amenities that reflect the local sense of place.
4. EROSION AND RUN-OFF PRIORITY:
a. Prevention of erosion and run-off of soil shall be given high priority in all
engineering plans.
b. Developments located on slopes shall provide adequate plans to prevent
erosion to prevent run-off onto abutting properties.
c. Permeable ground infrastructure (such as for walkways and parking lots)
shall be given priority over extensive hardscape requiring otherwise
unnecessary drywells.
5. DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTATION:
a. Require documentation of how proposed developments support cultural
and environmental well-being, including how the development creates a
sense of place.
b. Require documentation in all proposed developments of how proposed
development supports safe pedestrian access through the development and
through any proposed parking areas.
c. Require documentation in all proposed developments how proposed
development support mass transit connectivity, for example include pull
out areas for bus stops and prioritization of parking adjacent to mass
transit stops.
d. Require documentation how proposed development supports the long-term
conservation of natural resources, taking into account on-site and off-site
mitigation measures. Incorporate the values and philosophy of the
ahupua'a land division into the analysis.
e. Require that all proposed developments have an emergency preparedness
plan", a zero waste plan, "safe pedestrian/bike trail and access plan", a
cultural sites"plan, where appropriate, a"community gathering space"
plan(which may be anything from park benches to a community building
depending on the type of development).
11 Page 49Resolution 257-15
6. FACILITATE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT IN DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS:
a. Require that all proposed development applications be submitted in pdf
format (not just in hard copies) and make those applications available on
line at the County's website.
b. If requested provide the applicable CDP Action Committee with a hard
copy of any development proposal, including for plan approvals;
7. TIMING OF COMPLETION OF REQUIRED INFRASTRUCTURE:
Prioritize that required infrastructure is in place prior to occupancy of
commercial and residential occupancy.
8. COMPENSATION FOR PUBLIC PURPOSE TAKINGS:
In the event that private land is needed to pursue a public purpose, compensate
the landowner for the reasonable value of the real property lost value.
9. COMPLIANCE:
Periodically review developments for compliance and where there are
deficiencies in compliance, establish written timelines for compliance with
fines for non-compliance.
10. FACILITATING CONSTRUCTION OF ESSENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
Organize special assessment districts where necessary to fund essential public
services for single community benefits.
11. PERIODIC REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT APPROVALS:
Every 5 years review all approved developments that have developmental
triggers that have not been triggered in the past 5 years, and consider no
extensions beyond 5 years, and or County implementation in the triggered
infrastructure is immediately necessary for health and safety concerns. In the
event of finding immediate necessity, determine if county should install
infrastructure with a"payback with interest" requirement for the developer.
12. DUE PROCESS:
Ensure adequate due process procedures in the event a permit is denied and
for third party complainants.
12 Page 50Resolution 257-15
Exhibit D
Education and Libraries
Education Generally:
1. EDUCATION AS A HIGHEST PRIORITY:
In collaboration with the State, make community education programs a high
priority,particularly with regard to making high quality jobs available to our
youth.
2. LOCAL CONTROL:
Coordinate with the state to allow the individual counties to play a greater role
in educational policies.
3. MENTORING PROGRAMS:
Coordinate with the State to make mentoring program by community
members a basic component in all schools.
4. COORDINATION AMONG PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS:
Promote collaboration between public and private schools that are located in
the same communities.
5. HAWAIIAN CULTURE EMPHASIS:
a. Coordinate with the State to establish bilingual and or multilingual
learning in all schools to include at minimum the State's two official
languages.
b. Coordinate with the State to Advance knowledge of principles of
Hawaiian cultural such as pono, lOkahi, kakou, and ho'ohanohano.
6. SCHOOL GARDENS:
Coordinate with the State to integrate school gardens in all school
curriculums.
7. ZERO WASTE POLICIES:
Coordinate with the State to maximize zero waste policies in all educational
institutions, including using food scraps and soiled paper for composting in
school gardens.
Libraries:
Coordinate with the State to establish quality district or regional libraries,
including "mobile" libraries for rural areas.
13 Page 51Resolution 257-15
Exhibit E
Emergency Preparedness and Protective Services
Civil Defense:
1. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLANNING:
a. Maintain an updated island wide disaster preparedness plan;
b. Require that all developments provide an adequate emergency
preparedness plan.
2. ADEQUATE INGRESS AND EGRESS ACCESS:
Require that all developments provide for adequate access: for commercial
and residential developments in excess of 5 businesses or 20 homes, a
minimum of two accessways shall be provided.
3. INTERACTIVE INTERNET WEBSITE:
Dedicate an interactive county internet website for issues relating to
emergency preparedness and during disasters.
4. COORDINATION WITH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS:
a. The County shall coordinate with community and national organizations
such as Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT), Firewise, and
the Red Cross.
b. The County shall assist CERT with essential supplies such as ham radios
to those who qualify for radio certification.
5. ANNUAL EMERGENCY PRACTICE EVENT:
Organize at least one practice event in each District, relating to one or more
types of disasters.
Fire and Police Services:
1. COMMUNITY POLICE:
Implement"community policing"throughout the Police Department.
2. VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENTS:
Support volunteer fire departments in all Districts.
3. NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH:
Promote neighborhood watch groups and establish police liaisons to
coordinate with neighborhood watch groups.
4. HIGH DRUG FOCUS:
a. Focus on eradicating the use of methamphetamine and other hard drugs,
including excessive use of prescription drugs.
b. Work closely with neighborhood watch groups to monitor for"drug
houses".
c. Eliminate use of community members as "snitches".
d. Eliminate, or at minimum, minimize, arrests solely involving the use of
marijuana.
5. STRESS COUNSELOR:
Maintain counselor position in police department to address issues of stress.
14 Page 52Resolution 257-15
6. OMBUDSMAN PROGRAM:
Create a Mayor's ombudsman for police and fire department services to work
with community members that are not satisfied with the responses from
protective services.
Water Safety:
1. LIFEGUARDS:
Provide sufficient lifeguards and lifesaving equipment at all public pools/
beaches.
2. WATER SAFETY PROGRAMS:
In partnership with appropriate non-profits create water safety programs at all
public beaches, including educational materials for visitors that is readily
accessible to visiting beach goers.
Corrections:
1. LOCAL CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS:
Maximize locating correctional facilities on island for island residents.
2. REHABILITATION SERVICES:
Maximize rehabilitation programs to decrease recidivism.
3. SPECIAL NEEDS INMATES:
Maximize services for special needs and mental illness inmates.
4. COMMUNITY PROGRAMS:
Promote community programs that assist former inmates to reestablish
themselves in their local communities, including assistance in locating
employment.
5. FARM GARDENS:
Promote self-reliance and sustainability though farm gardens and marketing
programs.
6. COMMUNITY SERVICE:
Vastly expand the use of community service as "punishment/rehabilitation"
including for example for county weed maintenance programs, island clean-up
and beautification programs, reforestation programs, and park revitalization.
7. MENTORSHIP PROGRAM:
Establish a mentorship program for each inmate or probationer with
established members of the Community to help with the person's transitioning
to a productive live in the community at large.
Prosecution and Crime Preventive Services:
1. VICTIM EMPHASIS:
Expand services for victims, including coordination with VASH, District
CERT, and other appropriate organizations.
2. COMMUNITY PROGRAMS:
Increase community programs aimed to prevent criminal and abusive behavior
through Neighborhood Watch programs.
3. LOW PRIORITY FOR USERS OF MARIJUANA:
Discourage prosecution for the sole use of marijuana.
15 Page 53Resolution 257-15
4. PROGRAMS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE:
Support community programs for substance abuse users and in particular
support social services for those dependent upon these substances who seek to
overcome the dependency and find viable employment.
5. ANIMAL COMPANION PROGRAMS:
Expand animal companion programs to assist victims.
Animal Welfare and Abuse Prevention:
1. FERAL DOGS AND CATS:
Increase efforts to decrease the feral populations of dogs and cats by
partnering with non-profits that engage in neutering programs and that
distribute animals to other locations for home placement.
2. FERAL CHICKENS:
If requested in a community, establish a program to address the problem of
feral chickens.
3. GAME MANAGEMENT:
In coordination with State, the County shall support game management
programs that support local hunting clubs and that do not rely on mass
extermination techniques - such as shooting from helicopters.
4. ANIMAL ABUSE PREVENTION:
Ordinances and rules aimed at preventing animal abuse shall be strictly
enforced.
5. HANDLING BIRDS AT LANDFILLS TO PREVENT DISTURBANCE AT
AIRPORT:
The County shall consider ways to decrease birds gathering at landfills so that
there will not be a need to periodically kill the birds (exterminated to prevent
interference with flights into and out of proximately located airports).
16 Page 54Resolution 257-15
Exhibit F
Energy
1. ENERGY SELF SUFFICIENCY:
a. Prioritize transition from imported oil to clean energy and energy self-
sufficiency, with the priority of solar, wind, ocean hydrothermal and
pumped hydro energy sources.
b. Prioritize the use of low energy need facilities and services.
c. Require the use of low energy solutions in all new developments.
d. Support educational programs to reduce demand for electrical power.
e. Whenever possible, support proposals that would rely on local labor
versus off-island infrastructure and labor.
f. Oppose NextEra Purchase of HELCO unless NextEra supports Hawaii
Island self-sufficiency efforts.
2. LOW COST ENERGY:
Support efforts to reduce electric rates on Hawai`i Island as soon as possible
and work this priority in tandem with self-sufficiency priority.
3. SAFE AND NEIGHBORHOOD FRIENDLY ENERGY PRODUCTION:
Collaborate with affected neighborhoods to ensure that energy production
including by geothermal is handled in a manner that avoids and minimizes
negative impacts, provides for all available monitoring programs, and ensures
accountability and enforcement of energy providers.
4. PROTECT SCENIC VIEWS:
Require underground installation where there are significant scenic view
planes that would be affected by above ground installations.
5. SAFE GAS STORAGE FACILITIES:
Require that gas storage facilities are located in a manner to minimize danger
to commercial and residential facilities and to prevent leakage.
6. GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT:
a. Subject to the requirements of state law, the relevant Hawai`i County
Planning Commission shall have the authority to regulate future
geothermal development in Hawai`i County;
b. Restrict additional development of geothermal resources absent a showing
that new development is designed and managed in a way that avoids,
reduces, and mitigates potential harms to neighborhoods and to sensitive
natural and cultural resources; and
c. Restrict the development of geothermal resources in inhabited areas.
Partially adapted from Ilagan Resolution No. 249-15)
d. Collaborate with neighborhoods currently affected by energy generation,
including geothermal, to ensure that such production is handled in a
manner that prevents or minimizes negative impacts on the surrounding
community through the use of every available technology to prevent toxic
releases and constant source monitoring of all intentional and accidental
releases with permanent record keeping.
17 Page 55Resolution 257-15
e. Ensure that all future energy development is planned with the involvement
of affected communities, with all priorities given to reduced consumption
and promoting safest energy production technologies, including small
scale decentralized production.
f. Collaborate with neighborhoods currently affected by energy generation,
including geothermal, to ensure that such production is handled in a
manner that prevents or minimizes negative impacts on the surrounding
community through the use of every available technology to prevent toxic
releases and constant source monitoring of all intentional and accidental
releases with permanent record keeping.
g. Ensure that along with constant monitoring that emergency response plans
be coordinated between generation sites, government agencies and
affected communities.
h. Give consideration to phasing out generation facilities with a record of
serious violations and significant negative health impacts and ongoing
risks to public health.
18 Page 56Resolution 257-15
Exhibit G
Environment
1. WATERSHED AND COASTAL WATER PROTECTION:
Maximize protection of watersheds and watershed buffer areas and coastal
waters, including by prioritizing reforestation of watersheds and streambeds.
2. MINIMIZE EROSION:
Minimize erosion including by:
Prioritizing re-forestation/re-vegetation on slopes and along streams in other
areas vulnerable to erosion.
a. Strengthen educational programs and accountability rules to prevent
erosion during grading and grubbing.
b. Identify locations where there is extensive storm runoff, and identify ways
to prevent erosion—including use of compost, promotion of cover crops,
and minimizing use of pesticides that degrade the soil.
c. Ensure forestry operations are carried out in a manner that avoids erosion.
d. Adopt Hawai`i's Implementation Plan for Polluted Runoff Control and/or
Hawai`i's Coastal Non-pollution Control Program Management Plan.
e. Ensure that pedestrian trail are designed and located to avoid erosion and
subsistence especially on slopes, along waterways, in higher elevations, on
along the coastline.
3. SOIL HEALTH:
Prioritize soil health, including by:
a. Discouraging AG practices that degrade soil, including by discouraging
the use of pesticides and herbicides that are harmful to soil microbes and
soil stability.
b. Prioritize educational programs relating to soil health.
4. TOXIC HERBICIDES:
Transition from using glyphosate and other toxic herbicides by the County in
public parks, along public highways, and within the shoreline management
areas.
5. DETENTION PONDS:
Require detention ponds rather than drywells in all developments, however
where the use of detention ponds is not possible, additional means shall be
required to enhance the surrounding eco-systems to compensate for the
adverse impact of drywells.
6. SHORELINE PROTECTION:
a. Prioritize maintenance of undisturbed vegetation along the shoreline, over
development along edge of shoreline.
b. Establish policies and strategies to anticipated changes due to climate
change and rising sea levels—such as ensuring adequate setbacks from
coastal shorelines and prohibitions against removal of undisturbed
vegetation along the shoreline.
19 Page 57Resolution 257-15
7. GLOBAL WARMING:
Prioritize policies to curb global warming, including by:
a. Minimize hardscape and dark roofs.
b. Require canopy trees and greenscape corridors (with pedestrian pathways
where possible) in residential and commercial developments.
8. NATIVE PLANTS:
Promote the use of native plants however do not allow unregulated removal of
non-native fauna and flora unless harmful to the ecosystem in that location.
9. FISH DEPLETION:
Cooperate with state programs to address issues of fish depletion and coral
degradation.
10. STREAM FLOWS:
Prioritize efforts to reestablish stream flows wherever possible.
11. ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ESTHETICALLY FRIENDLY SIGNAGE:
Continue to prohibit signage that is not in sync with the County's priority for
maintaining the natural beauty of the island.
12. MARINE HEALTH:
Prioritize identifying ways the County can work with State and Federal
officials to curb the degradation of marine life.
13. PREVENTING CLOSURES ON HAWAII BELT ROAD:
Prioritize solutions to prevent the closure of the Hawai`i Belt Road due to
flooding and landslides, including improving, acquiring, and maintaining
alternate routes." (Adapted from David Resolution No. 258-15)
20 Page 58Resolution 257-15
Exhibit H
Governance and Ethics
1. CDP ACTION COMMITTEE ENGAGEMENT:
a. Engage Community Development Plan Action Committees including for
review of all proposed District level Community Improvement projects
and funding for specified projects.
b. Create mayoral ombudsman position to coordinate with the CDP Action
Committees and Area Improvement Planning Committees.
c. Encourage CDP Action Committees to initiate Leadership Councils in
interested communities that brings together the leaders/representatives
from the communities' non-profit organizations and community
associations to work together on advancing CDP and General Plan
priorities (use Waikoloa's Leadership Council as model).
d. Allow CDP Action Committees to appoint new members by majority vote
in the event there is a vacancy that lasts for more than 90 days, which
committee members shall be allowed to remain for at least one year.
2. COUNTY OMBUDSMAN:
Maintain a Hawai`i County ombudsman at the state capital year round to
follow all legislative and state departmental actions, and provide informational
resource to the Mayor and Council, as well as to represent the County on
issues involving the neighboring islands, especially with regard to budget
matters.
3. PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND TRANSPARENCY:
Maximize public engagement and transparency, including by posting on the
County's website site all proposed subdivisions, planned unit developments,
and rezonings.
4. JOINT COMMISSIONS:
Create joint county and state planning commissions including for agriculture,
marine ecosystems and coastal waters, health, energy, and transportation.
5. CODE ENFORCEMENT POSITIONS:
Add code enforcement positions in the planning department, rather than being
solely a complaint driven system; include review of grading and grubbing
permits.
6. ETHICAL STANDARDS:
Raise county ethical standards, including by making elected officials spending
readily available on the internet.
7. COORDINATION WITH KINGDOM OF HAWAII REPRESENTATIVES:
a. Provide a government-to-government forum with representatives of the
Kingdom Of Hawai`i.
b. Allow Kingdom of Hawai`i representatives a location at the Hilo and
Kona County complexes to pursue their goals of creating a Natural Laws
platform.
21 Page 59Resolution 257-15
8. ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH:
Prioritize organizational health at all levels of county decision making.
Engage consultants who are experts in improving the organization of
government organizations.
9. FISCAL HEALTH:
Prioritize fiscal health: Engage consultants who are experts in improving the
fiscal health of government organizations.
10. TAXING AUTHORITY:
Advocate for the Counties to have more Taxing Authority, such as for the
TAT, Traffic Tickets, and for the Marijuana Dispensaries to be located in
Hawai`i County.
11. TRANSIENT ACCOMMODATION TAX REVENUES:
Advocate for the Counties to receive 40% (or better) of the TAT revenues
60%to the State, meaning 20% to HTA and 40% to the State General Fund).
12. BUDGET ANALYST:
Maintain position of budget analyst in the Finance Department to assist the
Council and the Department Directors in better understanding and managing
the County and departmental budgets.
13. NEW DEPARTMENTS:
Consider adding the following new County Departments: Tourism,
Environment, Agriculture, and Health.
14. COUNCIL REVIEW OF ALL APPEAL DECISIONS FROM DECISIONS
MADE BY BOARDS OR DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS:
As the policy making body, all decisions whether or not to oppose an appeal
of a decision made by a Board or by the Director of a Department, shall be
approved by the Council.
22 Page 60Resolution 257-15
Exhibit I
Health and Recreation
1. BLUE ZONE:
a. Prioritize County initiatives across the island that optimize community
health and increased "active living", including prioritizing Blue Zone built
environment initiatives such as complete street projects,pedestrian ways,
as well as installing adult fitness equipment.
b. Require developments to provide for community health opportunities,
including sidewalks or trails, and incorporate outdoor fitness equipment.
c. Identify the community health assets in each District including identifying
all trails and walkways and bikeways as well as gaps in community health
opportunities.
d. Partner with the business community to prioritize fitness opportunities at
all work places.
2. MEDICAL FACILITIES:
a. Maximize on-island medical facilities and physicians to provide high
quality medical services.
b. Maximize on-island medical and pharmacology educational and training.
c. Promote urgent care and wellness centers to facilitate the availability of
medical services.
3. INTERGENERATIONAL GATHERING LOCATIONS:
Include intergenerational gathering locations at all parks—for seniors and for
mothers with young children.
4. COMMUNITY PARKS AND DOG PARKS:
Prioritize community parks and "parklets" throughout communities with
intergenerational design plans, and include enclosed park areas for dog
owners to exercise their dogs and socialize among themselves.
5. TRAILS INCLUDING EQUESTION TRAILS:
Prioritize linking trails around the island and inter-community, including
mauka makai trails—from shoreline to Forest reserve. In appropriate
communities, also establish equestrian trails.
6. INVENTORY OF OPEN SPACE:
Prioritize compilation of an island wide inventory of open space and parcels
and of open space purchased with Public Access, Open Space, and Natural
Resources Preservation funds. All open space parcels should be depicted on
both an island wide map and smaller area maps, by geographic location.
These maps should show current and projected open space areas. (Adopted
from Eoff Resolution No. 250-15)
23 Page 61Resolution 257-15
Exhibit J
Housing and Shelter
1. HOUSING FOR THE MOST NEEDY:
a. Prioritize the availability of transitional housing and shelters for those
without any home.
b. Prioritize special needs housing including for the elderly and the disabled.
2. HOUSING FUNDING THAT PROVIDES FOR THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF
ELIGIBLE PERSONS:
Prioritize multiunit rentals and cluster bungalow type housing rather than
single family homes as a way to maximize housing for those in need.
3. SOCIAL SERVICE/EDUCATION OPTIONS FOR HOMELESS AND
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SHELTERS:
a. Link homeless shelters and transitional housing shelters with social
services and education and job opportunity programs, including
community service programs that would allow those needing housing to
earn some pay.
b. Whenever possible locate a community garden near homeless shelter and
allow homeless to have a plot to grow food with the assistance of
community volunteers.
c. Whenever possible, locate housing shelter near reuse centers as a potential
job placement location.
4. MASS TRANSIT LINKAGE:
Address affordable housing needs in combination with reliable mass transit
planning so that proximity to employment is not critical.
5. PREVENT PUBLIC HOUSING TENANT ABUSE:
Prioritize programs and changes to the code to ensure that public housing
tenants are not abused and are treated fairly and respectfully, including the
assurance of lease renewal absent significant breaches of the law or of the
lease agreements.
6. TRANSITION FROM HOMELESS (HOUSELESS) TO SHELTERED:
Hire consultants to put together a master plan on how to transition those who
are homeless to suitable shelter, with tie-ins to options for employment and
educational opportunities.
24 Page 62Resolution 257-15
Exhibit K
Military
1. MINIMIZE LOCAL DISRUPTION:
Maximize coordination with the Military so as to minimize disruption to the
welfare of the local residents.
2. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS:
Partner with military on emergency preparedness and disaster planning and
implementation of disaster and rescue operations.
3. CLOSE COLLABORATION:
Ensure that military representatives consult with the County for proposed
actions that would affect the island community for extended periods of time.
4. HUNTER ACCESS:
Coordinate with the military to maximize access by hunters in appropriate
areas of the military base.
5. PROTECTION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL ASSETS:
Coordinate and assist the military in its efforts to protect and preserve
historical sites, endangered species, and areas of natural beauty located on the
military base.
6. APPROPRIATE SUPPORT OF MILITARY:
Support the military when appropriate to achieve its training missions in such
ways that do not adversely affect the environment and the local population.
25 Page 63Resolution 257-15
Exhibit L
Sense Of Place/Natural Beauty/Culture/Public Access
1. PRESERVE THE ISLAND HERITAGE:
a. Prioritize County policies and programs that protect and preserve what
makes Hawai`i Island and its Districts special and unique including
multicultural assets and historic traditions.
b. Require that all developments preserve sacred sites and special places,
scenic view planes and historic trails: however.
c. Identify locations of scenic beauty and obtain easements for the property
owner to preserve the vistas, in particular where the views are of the
Island's mountains and of the ocean.
d. Provide reasonable public access to the shoreline and the public forest
reserve and to historic and special places and scenic views.
e. Provide signage that informs about historic sites and special places as well
as developing new fitness and hiking trails around the Island.
2. SACRED AND SPECIAL PLACES:
Prohibit further development of the tops and upper slopes of the Island's
major mountains—Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Kohala, as well
other special and sacred sites and historic trails.
3. CELEBRATION EVENTS:
a. Promote community events that recognize historic and special events:
such as Hawaiian holidays and the Cherry Blossom Festival.
b. Provide one or more cultural event for each cultural group in appropriate
locations around the Island.
4. MOKU '0 KEAWE:
Consider changing the name of the County from Hawai`i County to Moku '0
Keawe.
5. KUPUNA TREE PROGRAM:
Prioritize avoiding removal of kupuna trees, in other words, avoid removal of
significant trees that add to the character and sense of place of the Island's
communities and regions even if it would be easier to maintain the location if
these trees were removed.
6. SENSITIVE NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES:
Ensure consistency with the public trust doctrine in protection of sensitive
natural and cultural resources. "By law, traditional and customary practices of
native Hawaiians as well as the protection of public trust resources must be
considered in all land use decision making policies in the County of Hawai`i.
The protection of sensitive natural and cultural resources, such as defined in
Policy ENV-1.5 of the Kona Community Development Plan, is critical for the
survival of these cultural practices. Planning, policies, and action steps
included in the General Plan should reflect this philosophy." (Adopted from
Eoff Resolution No. 250-15)
26 Page 64Resolution 257-15
7. INVENTORY OF SENSITIVE NATURAL AND CULTURAL ASSETS:
As part of any permit application to the County Planning Department natural
and cultural resources shall be inventoried, including but not limited to the
following:
a. Critical habitat areas, including any identified in the General Plan or in the
Community Development Plans;
b. Predominantly native ecosystems, which may not be considered
endangered but are valued because of their nearly pristine condition;
c. Anchialine ponds;
d. High-level groundwater recharge area;
e. Historic trails;
f. Archaeological and historic sites;
g. Mountain top elevations, generally above the 3000 foot elevation;
h. Enhanced Shoreline Setback.
Any permit application that encompasses any of the above resources shall
strive to incorporate these resources as assets. If a proposed project will have
significant, unavoidable, adverse impacts to any of the above resources, the
presumption shall be denial of the application and the applicant will have the
burden of explaining any overriding considerations. (Adopted from Eoff
Resolution No. 250-15 and Kona Development Plan Policy ENV-1.5)
8. HISTORIC TRAILS:
Develop a formal public access program, to include maps of existing trails
from all jurisdictions as well as potential new locations for trails, including
trail connections and extensions. The County should coordinate its public
access development initiatives with the appropriate state and/or federal
agencies." (Adopted from Eoff Resolution No. 250-15)
27 Page 65Resolution 257-15
Exhibit M
Tourism
1. AIR ACCESS:
Collaborate with the State to achieve the goal of direct access by air to
Hawai`i Island from international airports.
2. INTEREST GROUP INVENTORIES:
Create inventories of available venues for each visitor interest group,
including one for each sport, maximize website information for each interest
group, such as for cultural and historic site tourism, ag-tourism, health and
fitness tourism, biking, hiking, and historic site, fire "lava" tourism; water
tourism inclusive of fishing and coastal water activities such as snorkeling and
other water sports, sky (astronomy) tourism, Paniolo adventures tourism, and
special event tourism.
3. STATE HAWAII TOURISM AUTHORITY (HTA) COLLABORATION:
Collaborate with HTA and BIVA to sharpen the vision of Hawai`i Island as a
separate from the other Hawaiian Islands and destinations in Hawaii—
including more multi-cultural in depth awareness and understanding of the
Hawaiians current efforts to create a Kingdom of Hawai`i in the context of the
history of how Hawai`i went from being a Kingdom to a State.
4. TOURISM PRIORITIES:
a. WELLNESS TOURISM: Above all prioritize "health" related tourism that
enhances Hawai`i Island's wellness/fitness/community health models and
that is tied Hawai`i s cultural and environmental identity and heritage.
Wellness tourism and community health should be merged to the extent
possible— such as providing walking trails and hiking locations for both
residents and tourists.
b. ELEMENTS AND PRIORITY TOURISM: Promote eco-tourism, AG
tourism, food tourism, fitness tourism, music tourism, arts and crafts
tourism, as well as "the elements" tourism: lava(fire) tourism, astronomy
sky) tourism, `aina(the land) tourism, and ocean - snorkeling/fishing
waters) tourism.
5. ALOHA ATTITUDE:
Promote aloha with all visitor sectors and avoid approaching tourism as an
exercise in how to make more money from the tourist trade.
6. VISITOR SIGNAGE:
Prioritize visitor friendly signage around the island; likewise provide phone
apps that provide directions and tourist information for the various interest
group tourists.
7. HIGHGRADE WIFI:
Make Wi-Fi generally available in all community centers and immediately
available at airports and major bus stations.
8. QUALITY BEACH:
Collaborate with the State to ensure that Hapuna Beach(our one high quality
beach) is upgraded and no longer seems to be a third world destination.
28 Page 66Resolution 257-15
9. QUALITY AIRPORT:
Collaborate with the State in its upgrade of the Kona airport, including aspects
of natural beauty (trees and gardens), quality food availability, and quality
shopping in particular for items made in Hawai`i.
10. QUALITY PIER:
Collaborate with the State in its upgrade of the Hilo pier for guests arriving by
ship.
11. QUALITY HOTELS:
Collaborate with the industry to upgrade the standards and performance at
Island hotels.
12. CONNECTIVITY WITH VISITOR INDUSTRY:
Increase communication between tourism industry representatives and local
government, regarding a span of issues from capacity, transportation options,
promoting Hawai`i Island's special identity.
13. AIRLINE PARTNRESHIPS:
Build closer partnership with the airlines in term of acquainting visitors with
what is unique and special about Hawai`i Island—including having travelers
learn several words and phrases in Hawaiian and several culturally significant
phrases, as well as make them aware of the handouts available that are interest
group specific.
14. NEIGHBOR ISLAND MINI CONVENTION CENTER:
In collaboration with the State, encourage the establishment of mini-
convention centers on each of the neighbor islands—or at least along the
Kohala Coast in Hawai`i County.
15. VASH PROGRAM:
Through the VASH (Visitor Aloha Society of Hawai`i) program, collaborate
to assist visitors who suffer problems of whatever form.
16. VOLUNTEER TOURISM:
Create a volunteer tourism program for visitors—with each economic sector—
from medical to school visitation (use the Laos program as a model).
29 Page 67Resolution 257-15
Exhibit N
Transportation and Traffic Circulation
Including pedestrian & bike traffic)
1. MASS TRANSIT PRIORITIZATION:
Prioritize Mass transit as the routine mode of transportation in all land use
planning including in development approvals, permits even if less convenient
for auto transportation.
a. Incorporate or provide for the incorporation of the island-wide policies of
the Mass Transit Master Plan, and for updates thereto.
b. Prioritize compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act in all
Mass Transit planning. (Adopted from Paleka Resolution No. 237-15)
Expedite island-wide mass transit plan that incorporates regional transit hubs
that provide indoor seating and bathroom facilities and community hublets that
at minimum provide safe seating in roofed shelters (major hubs shall be
planned for Kona, Waimea, Hilo, and Kea'au)
a. Coordinate with private transportation services to service the major transit
hubs.
b. Coordinate with local schools to provide"walking bus" and bus service
from the transit hubs to the nearby schools.
2. PARKING LINK TO MASS TRANSIT PRIORITY AND PEDESTRIAN/BIKE
SAFETY:
a. Parking policies shall encourage use of mass transit and walking/biking
options.
b. All parking lots shall include canopy trees and delineated pedestrian
pathways.
c. Parking at mass transit hubs and local hublets shall be maximized and there
shall be no fees for parking at these locations.
d. Require that all proposed development include a pedestrian access plan and
provide for safe pedestrian access throughout the development—by ways
of sidewalks and or trails.
e. Require that all roads be complete streets, or alternatively separate
provision shall be made for safe pedestrian and bike access.
f. Require separation of auto traffic and parking from pedestrian ways.
3. ADEQUATE INGRESS/EGRESS FROM RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS:
A minimum of two ingress/egress ways shall be required in all residential
developments that exceed 50 homes; residential communities that have 50 or
less homes but more than 12, shall at minimum create a second emergency
access.
30 Page 68Resolution 257-15
Exhibit 0
Water Availability and Quality, Waste Water Services,
and Solid Waste Services
Water Availability and Quality:
1. POTABLE WATER AVAILABILITY:
Make potable water available in all communities at easily accessible locations.
2. QUALITY OF POTABLE WATER:
Coordinate with the State to maximize the quality of potable water.
3. PREVENT LONG TERM DEPLETION OF POTABLE WATER RESOUCES:
In coordination with the State, ensure sufficient provision is made to not
deplete the long-term availability of the aquifer resources, by implementing
the precautionary principle in all decision making.
4. COORDINATION WITH STATE:
In coordination with the State, promote an expanded role for the County with
regard to management of all water quality and quantity matters.
5. AG DITCH WATER:
Ensure that all flowing AG ditch water courses are under state or county
control, solely or in partnership with Community non-profits, such that no
private entity can solely control the availability of these water sources.
6. CATCHMENT WATER:
Allow catchment water to be used at residences on AG zoned land provided
there is sufficient rainfall.
7. WATER STORAGE:
Require the design and location of water storage units in a manner so as not to
interfere with view planes.
Wastewater:
1. PREVENT CONTAMINATION PRIORITY:
Ensure adequate management of wastewater and sewage in a manner that
prevents contamination of the ground water supply and the coastal waters.
2. WASTE WATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENT:
Require that all new or remodeled residential or commercial development be
connected to a municipal waste water system or individual sewage disposal
systems, rather than allowing installation of cesspools).
3. GOLF COURSE WATER:
In areas of limited rainfall,require the use of reclaimed water for all golf
courses.
Solid Waste:
1. ZERO WASTE POLICY:
Maximize a resource management approach based on Zero Waste policies of
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle", including providing a robust zero waste
education program in partnership with area non-profits.
31 Page 69Resolution 257-15
2. COMPOSTABLES TO COMPOST:
Prioritize diversion of all green waste, food scraps, and soiled paper from
landfills to county or preferably private compost operations.
3. LOCAL APPROACH:
Maximize recycling options for recyclables and compostables at all transfer
and landfill facilities.
4. RECYCLING PARTNERSHIPS:
Prioritize recycling partnerships, such as through recycling incentive
programs.
5. COTTAGE RECYCLING OPERATIONS:
Promote the expansion of recycle businesses and make available space for
cottage operations in locations proximate to the county's landfills.
6. TAKE BACK PROGRAMS:
Promote "take back" programs for appliances and other difficult to dispose of
refuse.
7. TRANSFORM TRANSFER STATIONS TO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STATIONS:
To the extent possible, transform all major transfer stations into resource
management stations for compostables and recyclables.
8. STYROFOAM:
Transition to eliminate the sale or use of polystyrene foam (Styrofoam) in
particular by retail food establishments.
32 Page 70Resolution 257-15
Resolution No. 257-15
1. Retain Sections 1.1 and 1.2 of the 2005 General Plan as Chapter 1 of the Revised
General Plan;
The Draft General Plan contains an introduction section which includes the purpose and
history of the General Plan, incorporating language from the 2005 General Plan, Sections 1.1
and 1.2.
2. Insert the attached Exhibit A “GENERAL PLAN POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES” as
Chapter 2 of the Revised General Plan;
A. GENERAL PLAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Principle 1: The plan prioritizes environmental and socio-cultural well-being by integrating core
values of malama ʻāina, pono, and kuleana into all aspects of county decision-making.
• Environmental well-being (malama ʻāina): The plan places a strong emphasis on
sustainability and environmental stewardship. Policies focus on preserving our island’s
natural and cultural resources, protecting sensitive ecosystems, and mitigating and
adapting to the impacts of climate change. These efforts are geared toward ensuring
that the environment is maintained for future generations while supporting our unique
ecological and cultural heritage.
• Social and cultural well-being (pono): The plan actively seeks to preserve the cultural
identity of Hawaiʻi Island by integrating biocultural stewardship in subsequent sections
of the plan, including the land use, infrastructure, and economy sections of the draft.
Policies target the protection of sacred places, support cultural events, and promote
community-driven projects. The draft also highlights the significance of equitable
development and inclusive community participation, aiming to ensure that social and
cultural values are respected in all decision-making processes.
• Economic well-being (kuleana): The plan promotes regenerative economic
development, which is achieved through promoting a local economy that restores and
enhances the environment, supports our historic and cultural heritage, and fosters
social well-being, rather than depleting resources. The draft contains strategies that
support our local agricultural industry and a responsible visitor industry. The plan
uplifts the investment in infrastructure that balances economic growth with
environmental and social responsibilities. A key goal of the plan is to create economic
opportunities that align with the island’s cultural and environmental priorities.
Principle 2: The draft addresses the prioritization of public safety and emergency
preparedness by emphasizing resilient communities, improving infrastructure and disaster
response, and ensuring public safety is a cornerstone of county policies. (See Chapter 3
Addressing Climate Change for Island-Wide Health, Section 4.1 Land Use, Section 4.2
Transportation Access and Mobility, Section 4.3 Public Utilities, Section 4.4 Public Facilities
and Services, and Section 4.6 Integrated Systems)
• Enhancing emergency preparedness: The plan outlines clear strategies for improving
emergency response capabilities through better coordination with federal, state, and
local agencies, and updating emergency plans based on climate change risks and
Page 71Resolution 257-15
natural hazards. The county aims to develop and maintain early warning systems,
provide education and training for residents, and enhance community readiness
through emergency drills and public awareness campaigns.
• Infrastructure for safety: Investments in critical infrastructure such as flood control,
hurricane shelters, and firebreaks are prioritized to ensure communities are better
protected from natural disasters including tsunamis, hurricanes, volcanic activity, and
wildfires. The plan also addresses the need for hardened communication systems that
can remain functional during disasters, ensuring that communities can stay informed
and connected during emergencies. Additionally, improvements to transportation
networks including evacuation routes and emergency ingress/egress from vulnerable
areas are highlighted to enhance the safety of residents.
• Collaboration with public safety agencies: The plan ensures close collaboration with
the police, fire department, and emergency medical services to bolster response times
and enhance coordination during crises. The integration of advanced technologies and
communication systems is part of the strategy to optimize the deployment of first
responders.
• Community resilience: Building community resilience is a key focus, with the plan
encouraging the development of community-level initiatives that build local capacity to
handle emergencies. This includes supporting volunteer networks, establishing
neighborhood preparedness programs, and developing resource hubs that can
provide critical supplies and information during a crisis. These efforts aim to reduce
dependence on centralized emergency services and foster self-sufficiency in times of
disaster. Additionally, the plan elevates public education and training initiatives to
ensure that residents are well-informed about potential hazards and know how to
respond effectively.
• Climate adaptation: Considering the increasing risks associated with climate change,
the plan integrates climate resilience into emergency preparedness. This involves
assessing vulnerabilities to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and other
climate-related risks, and preparing communities through adaptive infrastructure and
planning.
Principle 3: The plan uplifts the prioritization of organization health by incorporating
mechanisms for continuous improvement, transparency, and accountability in county
operations. There is a new section of the plan, Integrated Systems (Section 4.6), which
focuses on improved coordination and collaboration across county government in order to
better serve the community.
• Interagency coordination: To ensure that all county agencies are working in harmony
and not duplicating efforts, the plan encourages better interagency coordination. By
facilitating collaboration among different departments and aligning their goals, the
county can achieve greater efficiency and improve the overall functioning of its
governmental structure.
• Public feedback and transparency: The plan stresses the importance of community
engagement in maintaining organizational health. By seeking regular feedback from
the public and making government operations more transparent, the county ensures
Page 72Resolution 257-15
that it remains accountable to residents. This feedback loop helps in adjusting policies,
improving service delivery, and responding to community needs.
• Self-monitoring and evaluation: The plan encourages the county and its agencies to
adopt routine self-monitoring practices. This includes the implementation of
performance metrics and regular evaluations to assess the effectiveness and
efficiency of county programs and services. These evaluations are designed to ensure
that the county’s operations are aligned with its goals of sustainability, public safety,
and community resilience.
Principle 4: The plan emphasizes fiscal health as a key priority to ensure that the county can
sustainably provide essential public services while maintaining financial stability. The plan
addresses fiscal health through various proactive strategies, primarily within the Integrated
Systems element (Section 4.6).
• Fiscal accountability and transparency: The plan calls for ongoing fiscal accountability
through regular audits and financial reviews to ensure county agencies are managing
their funds efficiently. Additionally, the plan emphasizes public transparency in
financial matters, ensuring that residents can review how tax dollars are being spent
and hold government accountable for financial decisions.
• Long-range planning and capital improvements: The plan encourages the county to
engage in long-term financial planning, particularly regarding large capital
improvement projects. By anticipating future needs and securing funding through
phased budgeting, the county can avoid financial shortfalls while addressing growing
demands for infrastructure, housing, and public services.
• Cost-effective service delivery: The plan stresses the importance of cost-effective
service delivery, urging county agencies to seek innovative ways to provide basic
services without sacrificing quality. This includes leveraging technology to reduce
operational costs and improve the efficiency of public services.
• Revenue diversification: To ensure long-term fiscal stability, the plan promotes the
exploration of diverse revenue streams. By reducing reliance on any single source of
revenue, such as property taxes, the county can better withstand economic
fluctuations. This includes encouraging economic development initiatives that
generate new revenue, such as sustainable tourism, agriculture, and renewable
energy projects.
• Budgeting and resource allocation: The plan highlights the importance of responsible
budgeting and resource allocation. County agencies are encouraged to optimize the
use of available funds by focusing on cost-effective solutions and streamlining
services. This includes improving the management of county resources to ensure that
critical services, such as public safety, infrastructure, and education, are consistently
funded.
The plan explicitly clarifies the hierarchy of county laws by reaffirming that the General Plan
serves as the overarching document guiding all county planning efforts, regulations, and
development. The plan discusses that other county documents, such as the Community
Development Plans (CDP), must align with the General Plan. The implementation chapter of
Page 73Resolution 257-15
the plan (Chapter 6) states, “If there is a direct conflict between the CDP and the General
Plan, the General Plan shall be controlling.”
3. Insert the attached Exhibits B through Exhibit O, “GENERAL PLAN CATEGORIES” as
Chapter 3 of the Revised General Plan, using the following or similar titles:
B. AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is primarily addressed in the Land Use element (Section 4.1.6) and the Economic
element (Section 5.3). The draft plan seeks to ensure the viability and growth of the agricultural
sector in Hawaiʻi by providing a supportive regulatory environment, economic incentives, and
partnerships, while addressing land use, sustainability, and food security challenges. The plan
contains a comprehensive set of goals, objectives, policies, and actions that are intended to
promote and sustain agricultural activities on Hawaiʻi Island. The following are key themes:
• Preserve and maximize the use of productive agricultural lands
• Economic and food security support
• Policy and zoning amendments
• Support for small-scale farmers
• Promotion of agricultural worker housing
• Public and private partnerships
• Regenerative agricultural practices
• Community and education support
• Market access and infrastructure
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Land Use Goal: We strategically apply progressive land use strategies incorporating indigenous
and contemporary knowledge and place-based practices to direct and manage growth for the
health and safety of our communities.
Objective 15: Support the active use of Productive Agricultural lands.
Policies:
15.1: Development in Productive Agriculture and Extensive Agriculture areas should
include agricultural uses, related economic infrastructure and cottage industries,
compatible renewable energy, open area recreational uses, community facilities, and
compatible agriculture worker housing.
15.2: Special permit applications within Productive Agriculture designated land should
support primary agriculture use.
15.3: Encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between Productive Agriculture and
adjacent other uses of land to mitigate unintended agriculture externalities such as
machine/animal noise, odors, fertilizer/pesticide drift, and related impacts.
Page 74Resolution 257-15
15.4: Preserve agricultural character, including the open space preserved by agricultural
land.
15.5: Support the development of small-scale visitor accommodations that directly
promote the agriculture industry, health and wellness industry directly related to
agriculture, or are near points of interest that support agriculture.
15.6: Any subdivision or agriculture worker housing complex developed on Productive
Agricultural Lands should be clustered to minimize impact.
15.7: Encourage and aid the agricultural industry in continuing to provide agriculture
worker housing.
15.8: Encourage the use of agriculture, ranch, and forestry land preservation programs.
15.9: Promote the preservation and restoration of indigenous agricultural systems.
15.10: Provide flexibility to allow adjacent compatible uses for agriculture with industrial
components, such as carbon sequestration, timber, or food processing.
15.11: Encourage agroforestry as a viable industry, which can utilize less productive
agricultural lands and contribute to carbon sequestration.
Actions:
15.a: Amend the Zoning Code to develop standards for permitting certified incubators or
commercial kitchens in Rural or Agricultural districts.
15.b: Conduct a study to review a maximum developable area consideration for properties
designated as Productive Agricultural lands.
15.c: Create and adopt a County Agricultural Tourism program.
15.d: Amend the County Code to allow agriculture worker housing to be permitted where
the employee’s primary occupation is working on a specific farm but where the housing
and the farm are not on the same parcel.
15.e: Amend the County Code and associated Planning Department Rules to establish
annual reporting for additional farm dwellings.
15.f: Update the Real Property Tax Code for agricultural land uses that result in actual
production or other public benefits, such as native forestry and the ecosystem services that result from well-managed rangelands.
15.g: Amend the Zoning Code to require Plan Approval for commercial open area
recreational uses in the Agricultural District.
15.h: Evaluate the Zoning Code relating to livestock production such as piggeries,
apiaries, and pen feeding based on modern practices and potential impacts on adjacent
uses.
15.i: Develop standards and guidelines for buffer areas located adjacent to agricultural
lands.
Page 75Resolution 257-15
15.j: Develop a program and incentives, including proposed resources (e.g., grants, loans,
technical assistance, education) that support small-scale farmers, the lease of public
lands, and learn opportunities to become effective stewards of the land.
15.k: Collaborate with USDA and the State to enable farmers to bring local meat to local
markets.
Agriculture and Food Systems Goal: Agriculture is a robust, diversified sector that addresses food
security and includes a broad range of agricultural-based businesses that highlight value.
Objective 46: Increase access to land for active food production.
Policies:
46.1: Support urban agriculture uses including on-site home occupation sales.
46.2: Support innovative agriculture demonstration projects.
46.3: Assist in the expansion of the agricultural industry through the efficient use of
productive agricultural lands, capital improvements, and continued cooperation with
appropriate state and federal agencies.
46.4: Assist in the promotion of Hawaiʻi Island branding and labeling for local produce,
meat and fish, dairy, and other agricultural products.
46.5: Collaborate across County departments to engage in food systems planning,
including the elimination of food deserts.
46.6: Assist in cooperative marketing and distribution endeavors to expand opportunities
for local agricultural products for the local market as well as for exports.
46.7: Explore opportunities and methods to utilize local materials and by-products from
agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, silviculture, and aquaculture.
46.8: Support the research and development of the agriculture technology industry in
collaboration with agriculture applications to optimize production.
46.9: Support regenerative agricultural practices and the restoration of traditional
ecological knowledge and practices that offer multiple benefits, such as improving
agriculture and food system waste management to reduce County greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and rotational grazing to improve soil health and sequester GHG.
46.10: Support the development of private, county, and state agricultural parks to make
land available and distributed equitably and proximate to infrastructure and housing.
46.11: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders for programs, training, and building community capacity in the promotion of
the agricultural industry.
46.12: Increase public-private partnerships to develop and support community-based food
systems.
46.13: Support the development of agricultural worker housing.
Page 76Resolution 257-15
Actions:
46.a: Advocate for the State legislature to amend the Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes to include
green waste, composting, and fertilizer yards for commercial use as permitted uses on
agriculturally zoned land.
46.b: Advocate for the State DOH to streamline the composting permitting process.
46.c: Support the use of USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service assistance.
46.d: Advocate for the State to incentivize local food production through expanded tax
credits.
46.e: Support training and capacity building related to the requirements of the Food Safety
Modernization Act.
46.f: Invest in a crop suitability tool, including existing and projected water demand.
46.g: Develop a food self-sufficiency strategy, including community-based food system
assessments and monitoring local food production and consumption.
46.h: Develop and implement an emergency food plan that could be deployed in the event
of a natural or economic disaster.
46.i: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders for carrying capacity studies of fisheries and the establishment of State
community-based subsistence fishing areas.
46.j: Coordinate with the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa College of Tropical Agriculture
and Human Resources to expand the farm food safety education program.
46.k: Support the State Department of Agriculture programs for the prevention, early
detection, rapid response, and control of harmful invasive species from becoming
established and impacting commercial agriculture.
46.l: Support State Department of Education Farm to School programs and other
programs designed to provide locally produced food to schools.
46.m: Adopt procedures to allow for the development of community gardens and edible
landscaping on public lands (e.g., through Friends of the Park agreements).
46.n: Provide services and frameworks to support the formation of new commodity groups
and other organizations, such as farmer cooperatives.
46.o: Amend the Code to expand the designated list of parks authorized to allow farmers’
market permits to include parks in rural areas that lack appropriate commercial-zoned
lands for farmers’ markets.
46.p: Support and advocate for streamlined long-term leases for agricultural parks.
46.q: Continue to evaluate and update the County’s tax reduction programs to ensure that
tax incentives for agricultural land use result in actual public benefits and promote local
agricultural production where possible.
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46.r: Create a real property tax exemption for farmers entitled to federal crop loss
insurance.
Objective 47: Increase interagency coordination, programs, and policy initiatives that improve
local agriculture infrastructure.
Policies:
47.1: Support the creation of water cooperatives supported with financial sources, such
as community facilities districts (CFD). Cooperative users should be responsible for the
development, maintenance, and repair of agricultural non-potable water systems.
47.2: Where the County has replaced surface water sources with groundwater sources to
meet Safe Drinking Water standards, the County should consider repurposing the surface
water sources for agricultural use where the allocation is supportive of the ecosystem.
47.3: Advocate for more flexible and innovative wastewater systems to serve agriculture
facilities.
47.4: Support the adaptive reuse or rehabilitation of existing infrastructure or buildings for
agricultural processing, including but not limited to the development of commercial
kitchens, processing, storage, or distribution facilities.
47.5: Promote the development of a locally grown building material industry through
streamlined permitting or building code flexibility.
47.6: Support research and development that promotes local produce while removing
interstate marketing restrictions.
47.7: Encourage the use and optimization of the export capacity of airports and harbors
for local goods.
47.8: Support research and development of viable biofuel projects that will supply
renewable transportation fuels or power for Hawaiʻi Island in ways that are community-
supported, sustainable, ecologically sound, and complementary to food production.
47.9: Support the continued operation of the USDA Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin
Agricultural Research Center facility.
47.10: Support the development of processing and manufacturing facilities.
Actions:
47.a: Map existing and proposed agricultural infrastructure and facilities.
47.b: Expand programs and options to allow for agricultural irrigation water.
47.c: Develop criteria to determine appropriate places for agricultural parks, including the
availability of potable water.
47.d: Account for verified agricultural water usage in the County Water Use Development
Plan.
Page 78Resolution 257-15
47.e: Support the expansion of State agricultural water systems in productive agricultural
areas
47.f: Investigate the restoration of ditch systems to meet future agricultural needs.
47.g: Amend bulk regulations including building materials for agricultural facilities and
infrastructure.
47.h: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to study the feasibility of building code amendments and structural integrity
testing for locally produced building materials, prioritizing non-native plant species.
47.i: Evaluate grubbing and grading ordinances as they pertain to agriculture including the
creation of exemption categories for water storage and aquaculture.
47.j: Seek State legislation or rulemaking to allow local agricultural producers to make
direct sales to consumers at County-designated farmers’ markets at a lower general
excise tax rate.
47.k: Evaluate the Code and statutory amendments to allow farmworker housing to be
developed without requiring the housing be sited on the same parcel (i.e., TMK) of the
working subject farm.
47.l: Amend the Code to remove barriers to allow for off-site directional signage to promote
local farms engaged in direct sales and other permitted visitor-related businesses while
minimizing scenic impacts.
47.m: Amend the Code to include provisions for suitable agricultural infrastructure projects
financed by County bonds and liens on real property of participating agricultural
stakeholders, whether such assessments on TMKs involve contiguous parcels of lands
encumbered under an Agricultural Improvement District.
47.n: Incentivize and streamline the process to develop agricultural worker housing on-
and off-site.
C. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: GENERAL, ZONING, LAND USE
Economic strategies are primarily found in Chapter 5 Thriving, Diverse, and Regenerative
Economy. Land Use and zoning-related strategies are primarily found in Section 4.1 Land Use.
The draft plan comprehensively addresses Economic Development, Zoning, and Land Use to
support sustainable development, protect natural and cultural resources, and promote a
diversified economy. Economic development strategies are interwoven throughout the plan,
reflecting a comprehensive approach to cultivating sustainability across various sectors. The
economic strategies in the plan are intended to balance growth with sustainability, ensuring that
economic development contributes positively to the community and environment. Key aspects
include:
• Diversification: The plan emphasizes the importance of diversifying the island’s economy
beyond tourism. It encourages the development of agriculture, renewable energy, and
technology sectors, which are seen as vital for creating a more resilient and sustainable
economic base.
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• Regenerative Tourism: While tourism remains a key economic driver, the plan advocates for
a shift toward sustainable tourism practices that protect the environment and cultural heritage.
This includes promoting eco-tourism and cultural tourism that align with the island's values
and natural resources.
• Local Businesses: The plan includes policies to support small businesses and
entrepreneurship, particularly in rural areas. This is aimed at reducing economic disparities
across the island and ensuring that economic benefits are more evenly distributed among
residents.
• Workforce Development: The plan highlights the need for workforce development programs
that align with the island’s economic goals. This includes education and training programs in
sectors such as renewable energy, agriculture, and technology, which are seen as essential
for the future economic health of the island.
• Infrastructure and Transportation: Economic development is closely linked with infrastructure
improvements, including transportation and communication networks. The plan advocates for
infrastructure that supports economic activities while also being environmentally sustainable.
• Land Use and Zoning: Economic development is integrated into land use planning, with the
plan promoting Smart Growth principles that focus on developing mixed-use areas within
urban centers. This approach is intended to stimulate economic activity while preserving the
rural character of other parts of the island.
• Natural and Cultural Resources: Recognizing the economic value of our cultural and natural
resources, the plan advocates for their protection and integration into the island’s economic
strategies. This includes supporting traditional practices and industries that are both culturally
significant and economically viable.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
General Economic Development (Section 5.2)
Economic Goal: Our economy is diverse, regenerative, and innovative, improving and maintaining
the financial well-being of our residents with a focus on increasing local economic opportunities.
Objective 43: Improve access at all levels for education and training.
Policies:
43.1: Support all levels and forms of education.
43.2: Support programs and infrastructure that enable employees to telecommute or work
in satellite locations.
43.3: Support apprenticeships and workforce training to strengthen leadership and
entrepreneurial skillsets and networks.
43.4: Support County apprenticeships, fellowships, and internships to strengthen skillsets,
networks, and innovation.
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Actions:
43.a: Continue to support a centralized County demographic and socioeconomic data
resource base.
43.b: Continue to provide or expand County services and/or programs for workforce
development and technical assistance.
43.c: Expand offerings for mentorship and networking.
43.d: Develop an apprenticeship program for the County.
43.e: Provide business planning assistance, career planning, entrepreneurial training, incubation, and assistance with permitting, licensing, and regulatory issues.
43.f: Develop and maintain partnerships with the higher education system and other
organizations to support education and workforce development opportunities.
43.g: Coordinate educational and workforce development programs with local high
schools, community college campuses, trade unions, and other groups.
Objective 44: Increase the growth and health of small businesses.
Policies:
44.1: Establish Hawaiʻi Island as a business-friendly place.
44.2: Streamline regulatory processes associated with starting and operating a business.
44.3: Shared workspaces, including certified kitchens and industrial co-work buildings,
shall be supported.
44.4: Initiate and/or support programs to revitalize town centers and increase the
patronage of local businesses.
44.5: Maintain strong partnerships and effective communication with the business
community to identify barriers and actions to improve the business climate.
44.6: Support the creation of shared facilities and resources that can be utilized by multiple
opportunity clusters, such as creative industries and technical services.
44.7: Promote creative industries through collaboration with local artists on the design and
creation of public, livable spaces.
44.8: Support programs and initiatives that encourage manufacturing and support Hawaiʻi Island’s small-scale independent manufacturers.
44.9: Support business development programs by reducing underwriting risks for the
private sector such as industrial development bonds, tax abatement, and low-interest loan
programs.
44.10: Support access to capital for small businesses and start-ups.
44.11: Promote the use of the incentives offered by federal and state programs such as
opportunity zones and enterprise zones partnership programs to attract businesses.
Page 81Resolution 257-15
44.12: Encourage the development of the Technology, Creative, Agribusiness, Health and
Wellness, and Education targeted sectors.
Actions:
44.a: Promote liaison services with the private sector with respect to the County’s
requirements for establishing businesses on the island.
44.b: Utilize County facilities and funds to support shared affordable workspaces, maker
spaces, and equipment for small businesses to utilize.
44.c: Complete a feasibility analysis for the County to provide access to tools such as
industrial development bonds, tax abatement, and low-interest loan programs.
44.d: Develop business improvement districts and Main Street programs to fund
revitalization efforts.
44.e: Educate businesses on financial planning and funding sources for hazard
preparedness and recovery, including insurance options for business interruption, natural
disasters, and other unexpected occurrences.
44.f: Partner with business associations, realtors, and the chamber of commerce to recruit
small-scale manufacturers to establish retail locations in village and town centers to
support reinvestment and match potential tenants with local landowners.
44.g: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders (e.g., University of Hawaiʻi, business associations, etc.) to convene business
development events island-wide.
Objective 45: Incorporate resiliency, diversity, and innovation in County programs, plans, and
research to support healthy economic development and revitalization.
Policies:
45.1: Increase County resources and actions devoted to strategic planning, interagency
coordination, training and expertise, and capital improvements.
45.2: The Capital Improvements Program (CIP) shall improve and increase the capacity
of existing and future commercial and industrial areas.
45.3: Maintain a program for updating the zoning code to accommodate emerging
industries and technologies consistent with other goals, objectives, and policies of the
General Plan.
45.4: Support lease terms and extensions on State and Department of Hawaiian Home
Lands (DHHL) lands that provide opportunities to improve or rehabilitate existing
commercial and industrial zoned areas.
45.5: Encourage land uses that allow for small-scale manufacturers in retail
establishments that enhance and are balanced with the County’s natural, cultural, and
social environments.
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45.6: Maintain plans and programs to foster sustainable business development
opportunities focusing on regenerative agriculture, green technologies and building,
innovation and technology, creative industries, and regenerative tourism.
45.7: Improve opportunities for multimodal transit that improve the quality of access to
existing job centers.
45.8: Provide technological infrastructure that increases the competitiveness of
businesses and allows them to thrive in all parts of the island.
45.9: Expand opportunities for innovation and tech-based businesses.
45.10: Promote a distinctive brand for the island of Hawaiʻi including distinctive, regional
identities as an entity unique within the State of Hawaiʻi.
45.11: Encourage the development of economic opportunities through the utilization of by-
products from various industries.
45.12: Continue to encourage the research, development, and implementation of
advanced technologies and processes.
45.13: Promote Hawaiʻi Island as a center for natural scientific research.
45.14: County departments should integrate economic development, equity, and
sustainability outcomes into their annual goals and reports to the Mayor.
Actions:
45.a: Collaborate with emerging industry leaders to identify needed infrastructure and
services to support economic diversification.
45.b: Monitor trends and identify business needs, strengthen existing industries, and
diversify the economy by attracting emerging industries.
45.c: Collaborate with the private sector to identify business needs, strengthen existing
industries, and diversify the economy by attracting new endeavors.
45.d: Remove regulatory barriers that restrict entrepreneurial endeavors, such as zoning
restrictions for home-based businesses that do not negatively impact the infrastructure
network or the character of the neighborhood.
45.e: Build capacity for implementation and economic development in the target industry clusters identified by the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS).
45.f: Promote cross-sector linkages between Hawaiʻi Island’s anchor and opportunity
industries to grow the market for local products and services.
45.g: Expand the research and development for energy and technology industries.
45.h: Assist in the expansion of emerging industries through the development of marketing
plans and programs.
45.i: Develop a market strategy that includes housing, a skilled workforce, quality of life,
and a healthy regulatory environment to attract emerging industries.
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45.j: Assist in the development of a film and creative industries program to market Hawaiʻi
Island sites and coordinate activities.
45.k: Partner with government (e.g., DOT, DBEDT, etc.), private and nonprofit agencies,
communities, and other stakeholders to monitor export capacity for Hawaiʻi Island.
45.l: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies (e.g., business associations,
realtors, chambers of commerce, etc.), communities, and other stakeholders to streamline
regulatory processes and create incentives for urban renewal, rehabilitation, and/or
redevelopment programs in collaboration with communities, businesses, and government agencies.
45.m: Program regular collaboration with the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hawaiʻi
Community College, the Natural Energy Laboratory at Hawaiʻi Authority (NELHA), and
other agencies to expand the research and development industry for sustainable and
equitable economic development.
45.n: Increase grant writing capacity and management and pursue grant funding to
supplement County critical needs.
Public Utilities – Telecommunications and Broadband Connectivity (Section 4.3.7)
Objective 30: Advance policies, programs, and initiatives for public and/or private investment in
broadband and telecommunications infrastructure.
See Policies 30.1-30.12 and Actions 30.a-30.m
Land Use and Zoning (Section 4.1)
Land Use and Zoning related strategies are primarily addressed in Section 4.1 Land Use. Land
use and zoning are central components of the plan that are interwoven throughout the document.
These elements guide the county’s approach to sustainable growth, economic development, and
the preservation of natural and cultural resources. The draft plan contains strategies to reduce
urban sprawl, protect rural areas, and make more efficient use of existing infrastructure.
Land Use Goal: We strategically apply progressive land use strategies incorporating indigenous
and contemporary knowledge and place-based practices to direct and manage growth for the
health and safety of our communities.
Objective 13: Increase the use of Smart Growth principles to focus development within
designated urban centers.
Policies:
13.1: Encourage flexibility in the design of residential sites, buildings, and related facilities
to achieve a diversity of socio-economic housing mix and innovative means of meeting
the market requirements.
13.2: Prioritize increase in density, rehabilitation, and redevelopment within existing zoned
urban areas already served by basic infrastructure, or close to such areas.
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13.3: Incentivize rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of existing buildings rather than
demolition in urban areas characterized by vacant, abandoned, and underutilized older
buildings.
13.4: Encourage the rehabilitation and/or utilization of maximum density in multi-family
residential areas.
13.5: Rezonings that promote infill are encouraged and should be conditioned to ensure
connectivity to the surrounding developments and, where applicable, to provide mixed-
use opportunities to make the area more pedestrian-oriented.
13.6: The establishment of urban types of zoning may include additional acreages to
account for acreages utilized for public benefits, such as historic sites, public access,
parks, and open space.
13.7: Within the “high- and medium-density“ area, commercial development shall be
focused on major streets, while interior blocks should be zoned primarily for small lot
single-family and multi-family residential use.
13.8: Focus on medium- and high-density residential and commercial uses in communities
that can sustain a higher intensity of uses and where consistent with General Plan Land
Use Map and existing town character.
13.9: Support the rezoning of land to multiple residential near places of employment, retail,
utilities, and educational, recreational, cultural, and public facilities.
13.10: Development of TODs and TNDs are encouraged within locations of the urban
centers shown on the General Plan Land Use Map. These locations are approximate and
become fixed during rezoning.
13.11: Plan for and identify appropriate areas for business incubation/innovation districts
and industrial/business parks.
13.12: Urban renewal, rehabilitation, and/or redevelopment programs should be
undertaken in cooperation with communities, businesses, and governmental agencies.
13.13: Support master planning by public and private institutions and landowners which
emphasize TOD, affordable housing, and mixed-use development.
13.14: Low- to medium-density residential development and/or low-impact office uses
within urban areas should serve as transitional densities between lower-density
neighborhoods and more intensive commercial and residential uses.
13.15: Encourage the use of more innovative types of housing development with respect
to geologic and topographic conditions, such as zones of mix and cluster and planned unit
developments.
13.16: Lots within proposed single-family residential subdivisions should not have direct
vehicular access from major collector streets or higher based on Federal Highway
Administration classifications.
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13.17: Large, oversized blocks in new subdivisions should be avoided in favor of smaller
blocks and enhanced pedestrian networks. The determination of block size should be
based on land use and the urban or rural character of the area.
Commercial
13.18: Support the redevelopment of aging and high vacancy shopping centers and strip-
type developments into mixed-use developments with housing and public recreation
facilities.
13.19: Encourage the concentration of commercial uses within and surrounding a central
core area adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other essential infrastructure.
13.20: Infrastructure and design elements shall be incorporated into the review of
commercial developments.
13.21: Encourage a mix of uses near affordable housing and access to commercial and
recreational opportunities.
13.22: Industrial and commercial mixed-use districts may be provided in urban centers.
13.23: Distribution of commercial areas shall meet the demands of neighborhood,
community, and regional needs in accordance with Smart Growth principles.
13.24: Discourage strip or spot commercial development on the highway outside of the
UGAs.
13.25: Discretionary permit applications for regional retail uses, including big box and
regional shopping centers located adjacent to areas designated for low-density residential
and rural uses, should be buffered to mitigate impacts.
13.26: Encourage small-scale manufacturing and processing within retail establishments
that enhance and are consistent with the surrounding community.
13.27: Support the flexible design of commercial spaces to allow for transitional uses that
serve the evolving needs of its users.
13.28: Discretionary permit applications for new commercial developments adjacent to or
within existing industrial designated lands shall be reviewed for the criteria of conversion
from industrial lands.
Industrial
13.29: Industrial development shall be in areas adequately served by transportation,
utilities, and other essential infrastructure or adjacent to unique resources and/or projects.
13.30: Support the creation of industrial uses in appropriate locations as part of mixed-use
districts and developments.
13.31: Support Industrial Project District zoning and flexibility of uses and lot sizes,
depending on the needs of the industries and the communities.
13.32: Encourage Industrial Project Districts and Innovation Centers within the UGAs.
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13.33: Industrial-commercial mixed-use districts should serve as transitional areas in
accordance with the General Plan Land Use Map and Community Development Plan.
13.34: Support land uses that locate regional-scaled industrial and warehouse sites near
major transportation corridors, airports, and harbors.
13.35: Support the development of recycling operations near transfer stations and County
landfills.
13.36: Industrial uses may be permitted outside UGAs through Special Permits only when
there is a clear community benefit or consistent with County, State, and Federal
sustainability objectives.
13.37: Encourage the rehabilitation of existing service-oriented industrial areas.
13.38: Mitigate impacts of industrial development on surrounding uses by requiring
landscaping, trees, open spaces, buffer zones, and other appropriate conditions.
13.39: Future land uses in the vicinity of industrial areas, including airports, should have
an adequate open space buffer and/or be compatible with the anticipated aircraft noise
exposure levels for that vicinity.
13.40: Heavy Industrial and residential uses should be separated by other transitional
uses or sufficient open space.
Resort
13.41: Resorts, hotels, visitor attractions, and related development shall be in areas
adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other essential infrastructure.
13.42: Promote and prioritize the rehabilitation and the optimum utilization of resort areas
that are presently serviced by basic facilities and utilities before allowing new resorts.
13.43: Coastal resort developments shall provide public access to and public parking for
beach and shoreline areas.
13.44: The development or designation of new resort areas should complement the
character of the area; protect the environment and natural beauty; respect existing
lifestyles, cultural practices, and cultural resources; and provide shoreline public access.
13.45: Do not allow new Resort (V) zoning development along the ocean side of Aliʻi Drive.
13.46: Resort development should be in balance with the social and physical goals as well
as the economic desires of the residents of the area.
13.47: Encourage new developments to be water neutral by balancing water supply and
demand.
13.48: Retreat Resort uses may be permitted outside UGAs through Special Permits only
when there is a clear community benefit or consistent with County, State, and Federal
sustainability objectives. .
13.49: On-site affordable housing and workforce units shall be excluded from the total
permitted visitor unit counts for existing and new resort developments.
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13.50: Encourage the addition of workforce housing opportunities within existing and
proposed resort nodes.
13.51: Incorporate open and natural spaces within existing and future resort nodes.
Actions:
See actions 13.a-13.e.
D. EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES
Section 4.4.5 of the plan discusses educational facilities and libraries, highlighting education,
accessibility, and community integration as high priorities. Access to education is also discussed
in the Economy chapter (Objective 43) as a significant factor in economic diversification and
workforce development.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 34: Each community has access to a wide range of educational opportunities.
Policies:
Planning and siting facilities
34.1: Ensure educational facilities meet the needs of Hawaiʻi County.
34.2: In proposed communities, sufficient acreage, as determined by the Board of
Education enrollment guidelines, shall be reserved for school facilities.
34.3: Education sites shall be free from flooding and drainage problems, and excessive
slope and shall incorporate appropriate street and driveway design and location to
minimize traffic interference, pedestrian hazard, and enable safe and easy access for
vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians.
34.4: Continuous joint pre-planning of educational facilities shall be coordinated with the
County, Department of Education, and the UH to ensure compatibility with public services,
supporting infrastructure, and equitable mobility access so that facilities are community-
centered, designed for multiple uses, and serve as anchor institutions in the community.
34.5: School facilities, such as playgrounds and gyms, should be combined with County
parks to allow for afterschool use by the community for recreational, cultural, and other
compatible uses.
34.6: The Hawaiʻi State Library System should co-locate public library facilities in public
school libraries where a separate public library may not be feasible, promoting intentional
proximity to other community facilities and assets that contribute to a high quality of life.
34.7: School buildings should be designed, or at times retrofitted, to serve as emergency
shelters.
34.8: The County should facilitate the use of libraries to disseminate public information
and engage civic participation.
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34.9: Advocate to the State and private agencies to use educational facilities to offer place-
based and distance education opportunities to adults.
34.10: Educational programs should be developed to provide opportunities in diversified
industries and develop practices in sustainability and resiliency.
34.11: Encourage the State to provide student, faculty, and staff housing around UH sites.
34.12: Support the continued expansion of the UHH, Hawaiʻi Community College, and
Pālamanui campuses, as well as encourage continuing education programs throughout
the community.
34.13: Support and encourage the strengthening of the UHH through the transfer of
appropriate colleges and departments from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa to the UHH.
34.14: Encourage and support the active implementation of State and UH plans for post-
secondary educational facilities, including the “Research and Technology Park,” on
Hawaiʻi Island.
34.15: Encourage the expansion of digital access and equity through the resilient buildout
of broadband infrastructure and facilities.
Safe Routes to School
34.16: Prioritize active transportation through the development of sidewalks, pedestrian
walkways, and bike paths to and from educational facilities to increase walkability and
pedestrian safety.
34.17: Require new developments in the vicinity of schools to provide safe pedestrian
facilities and additional school zone signage.
E. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
The draft plan addresses emergency preparedness and protective services through a
comprehensive set of strategies aimed at improving the safety and resilience of the community in
the face of various hazards. In the Public Facilities and Services element (Section 4.4) objectives
and policies discuss the co-location of facilities to encourage police and fire stations to be co-
located whenever feasible for better coordination and response. This section also highlights
strategic placement of facilities in areas that allow for quick and efficient access and tailored to
meet the needs of the community. The draft also supports the hardening of structures to improve
facility resilience.
The plan contains policies and actions intended to improve and maintain the level of service of
public infrastructure. This includes support and funding and integration of services. Preventative
approaches are also highlighted by the plan. Design flexibility, incorporating Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design (CPTED), and ongoing collaboration and interagency
coordination are included as proactive measures to emergency preparedness.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Public Facilities and Services Goals: 1) Our communities are safe and protected, and have access
to integrative health, education, and social services to support a high quality of life for all residents.
2) Our communities are adequately served by sustainable and efficient public infrastructure,
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utilities, and services based on existing and future growth needs, sound design principles, and
effective maintenance practices.
Objective 31: Adequately maintain public facilities.
Policies:
31.1: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans to
prolong the life of our facilities as well as reduce whole-life costs.
31.2: Maintain the unique features of historic structures, while balancing maintenance and
safety needs.
31.3: Prioritize the replacement of deficient and inadequate facilities.
31.4: Encourage the adoption of innovative materials and methods that improve facility
resilience.
31.5: The development of County facilities should be designed to fit into the locale with
minimal intrusion while providing the desired services. Implement protocols for receiving
community input during capital improvement project siting and design.
31.6: Explore and encourage adaptive reuse of former facilities such as airports (e.g.,
Makaʻeo Park) and fire stations (e.g., Kawailani Fire Station).
Objective 32: Protect the health and well-being of residents and visitors.
Policies:
Planning/Siting Protective Services Facilities
32.1: Police and fire stations should be co-located whenever feasible.
32.2: The establishment of a police/fire facility shall consider site size and locations that
permit quick and efficient vehicular access.
32.3: Strategically plan and locate volunteer fire facilities, which may include co-existing
with full-time Fire/EMS stations.
32.4: Police headquarters shall be near the geographic center of the service area and
near concentrations of commercial and industrial use.
32.5: Hardened shelters shall be located within reasonable proximity to population
centers.
32.6: Lifeguard stations should be located at all County and State beach parks.
Level of Service
32.7: Adequately support, fund, and expand volunteer fire facilities and capacity.
32.8: Maintain a level of service for response time that is consistent with National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) standards.
32.9: Ensure Hazardous Material service for both the windward and leeward sides of the
island.
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32.10: All fire stations should provide Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
32.11: Stations in rural areas should be based on the population to be served and
response time rather than on geographic districts.
Preventative Approaches
32.12: Accommodate flexibility in design and provisions for alternate water sources for fire
protection when adequate public water is not available.
32.13: Incentivize the development of large, dedicated catchment tanks for firefighting
access.
32.14: The Fire Department shall participate with other related governmental agencies
and the involved landowners in the preparation of fire protection and prevention plans.
32.15: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) should be incorporated
into planning and design.
32.16: Business Improvement Districts or other organizational tools, such as partnerships
with local businesses, should be used to enhance security and orderliness in downtown
areas.
32.17: Support bicycle patrol programs in urban areas.
32.18: Encourage the further development and expansion of community policing
programs, school resource officers, and neighborhood/farm watch programs.
32.19: Ensure adequate training and capacity building for emergency response.
32.20: Prioritize hazard mitigation projects in the CIP.
32.21: County public expenditures within Volcanic Hazard Zones 1&2 should be limited to
the restoration or enhancement of natural resources and parklands or expenditures
required to serve existing development or necessary for public health and safety.
However, other expenditures may be warranted based on a cost-benefit analysis.
32.22: Continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community
Rating System (CRS) to the maximum extent possible and shall seek to improve its current
CRS Class rating (to the maximum extent feasible to reduce insurance costs).
Emergency Facilities and Communication Systems
32.23: Ensure emergency warning sirens and communications coverage is adequate for
each community.
32.24: All emergency response critical facilities and communication systems shall be
designed and maintained to be resilient and remain operational during hazard events.
32.25: All new emergency facilities shall be designed to minimize and prevent loss.
32.26: In collaboration with State agencies, maintain shelter capacity and condition
records to ensure that evacuation shelters are adequate for each community.
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Public Education Program
32.27: Increase public education related to hazard zones, including evacuation routes and
procedures for visitor accommodations.
32.28: Develop the capacity for hazard preparedness of non-governmental organizations,
businesses, and neighborhood groups, such as Community Emergency Response Team
(CERT) and Medical Reserve Corps (MRC).
32.29: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to assess and plan for alternative routes and possible relocation of coastal
roads.
Actions:
See related Actions 32.a-32.v
F. ENERGY
The plan addresses energy primarily in Addressing Climate Change for Island-Wide Health
(Chapter 3) and the Electricity and Renewable Energy section (Section 4.3.6). The plan contains
several objectives, policies, and actions designed to promote energy self-sufficiency, improve
energy efficiency, and support the use of renewable energy.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 7: Reduce the County’s carbon footprint to net zero emissions by 2045.
• Achieve a 100 percent renewable-powered County fleet by 2035.
• Support the statewide effort to achieve 100 percent renewable ground transportation
and 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.
Policies:
7.1: Incentivize efficiencies that integrate affordable housing and carbon neutrality.
7.2: Require energy-efficient designs in all new County facilities and upgrade existing
facilities with energy-efficient systems.
7.3: Support building code updates that incentivize energy-efficient designs and climate-
neutral building methods and materials.
7.4: Encourage and incentivize the use of technologies, techniques, and materials in
building design, construction, and removal that minimize the ecological footprint over the
life cycle of the structure.
7.5: Encourage and incentivize large developments to meet energy sustainability
certification standards.
7.6: Strive for energy sustainability certification for new County buildings or when
renovating existing buildings for County use.
7.7: Prioritize energy-efficient designs, energy-efficient systems, and waste reduction
and/or reuse at County facilities.
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7.8: Evaluate Capital Improvement Projects for energy efficiency and carbon reduction,
including the cost savings related to improved design.
7.9: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to develop comprehensive and coordinated strategies promoting energy and
water conservation to strive for climate resilience.
7.10: When evaluating public investments, including acquisition, siting, and design,
consider the potential of natural areas for carbon sequestration and provide climate
adaptation and mitigation opportunities.
7.11: Integrate and incentivize urban forestry into all scales of planning where feasible and
compatible with infrastructure.
7.12: Develop carbon-emission standards and an incentive program aimed at achieving
County carbon emission goals.
7.13: All County facilities shall report energy usage annually.
7.14: Program the upgrading of the County vehicle fleet and equipment to net zero
emissions.
7.15: The Mass Transit Agency shall operate a net zero emissions fleet by 2035.
7.16: Prioritize the installation of electric vehicle chargers at community facilities, for both
County vehicles and public parking.
7.17: All new County vehicle purchases, including average mpg, emissions equivalent per
gallon of fuel (or kWh), and estimated annual operation and maintenance costs shall be
reported annually.
7.18: Prioritize the accommodation of active transportation options as part of the planning
and design of all roadway improvements to encourage non-motorized forms of transit.
Objective 29: Strive towards energy self-sufficiency.
Policies:
29.1: Increase partnerships and interagency collaboration to ensure that energy facility
production and distribution is adequate, efficient, and dependably available to each
community to support present and future demands.
29.2: Promote and encourage the creation of a modern grid to support the use of
distributed generation such as private photovoltaic systems connected to the grid.
29.3: The County shall remove barriers to energy systems that improve independence
and resiliency, such as microgrids, combined heat and power (CHP), backup generation
and storage, and other decentralized electricity systems.
29.4: Maintain tax incentives for renewable energy improvements and continue to revise
incentives as energy technologies progress.
29.5: Continue to participate at the State level to provide feedback on all energy-related
initiatives and proposed revisions to comprehensive Integrated Resource Plans.
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29.6: Advocate to the Public Utility Commission (PUC) in support of the following types of
strategies and initiatives:
a) Programs and fee structures that promote renewable energy
b) Consumer incentives to utilize renewable alternatives
c) Social Equity analysis of proposed energy projects to ensure residents are protected
as energy consumers regarding rates, grid planning, utility compensation, and energy
project siting
29.7: Encourage and incentivize alternative energy sources including off grid or distributed
power sources to increase resiliency.
G. ENVIRONMENT
The draft General Plan places a strong emphasis on environmental protection and stewardship,
addressing a wide range of issues including watershed and coastal water protection, erosion
control, soil health, shoreline protection, climate change, and native species preservation. The
plan takes a comprehensive approach to ensure that environmental stewardship is integrated
throughout various elements of the plan, aiming for a balance between sustainable development
and conservation.
The Biocultural Stewardship Chapter (Chapter 2) aims to ensure that natural and cultural
resources are thriving and sustainably managed, preserved, and restored to maintain Hawaiʻi’s
unique and diverse environment. See objectives 1-5 and corresponding actions. Addressing
Climate Change for Island-Wide Health (Chapter 3) focuses on incorporating equitable climate
mitigation and adaptation priorities into policies, programs, infrastructure, and decision-making to
ensure a just transition to a climate-resilient island. See objectives 6-8 and corresponding actions.
Within the Sustainable Development and Resilient Communities element (Chapter 4), which
contains key sections including Land Use, Transportation, Public Utilities, Public Facilities and
Services, Housing, and Integrated Systems, there are strategies that advocate for environmental
protection and management within our built environment. Environmental sustainability measures
advocate for renewable energy generation, green building practices, and climate resilience
strategies to adapt and mitigate environmental risks and improve the overall environmental
quality. The land use policies and actions address the protection and enhancement of natural
spaces, disaster prevention and hazard mitigation, and adjusting land use policy for
environmental compatibility. Examples of infrastructure planning strategies that address the
environment include designing complete streets to incorporate multimodal transportation options
to reduce vehicle reliance, thereby reducing traffic congestion and air pollution.
The economic chapter (Chapter 5) of the plan highlights natural and cultural resource protection
by emphasizing regenerative practices. A regenerative economy refers to an economic model
that aims to restore and enhance the environment while providing economic opportunities for
residents. This chapter promotes sustainable agriculture practices that generate soil health,
enhance biodiversity, and support our local food system. The economic chapter also promotes a
regenerative and responsible visitor industry with policies and actions that support the visitor
industry’s investment in communities, ʻāina, and historic and multicultural heritage.
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Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 9: Maintain community character and land use compatibility.
Policies:
9.1: The development of commercial facilities should be designed to reflect the character
of the community while providing desired services and mitigating impacts on the
surrounding environment.
9.2: In those cases where provisions of the zoning and subdivision code are inconsistent
with the character of surrounding neighborhoods, variances, or Planned Unit
Developments (PUD) that maintain consistent village/town character should be
encouraged.
9.3: Zoning, subdivision, and other applicable ordinances shall provide for and protect
open space areas.
9.4: Support mechanisms, such as PUD and Cluster Plan Development (CPD), that group
parcel density to preserve open space, recreational areas, or scenic viewsheds.
9.5: Discretionary permit applications for uses that may impact view planes to and along
the coastline, and areas of natural beauty should take into consideration visual impact
assessments and propose conditions to mitigate scenic impacts where appropriate.
9.6: In the review of discretionary permits, consider land use compatibility to ensure
proximate compatible and complementary uses and appropriate mitigation measures.
9.7: Encourage developers of new urban areas to place utilities underground.
9.8: Route selection for high-voltage transmission lines should include consideration for
setbacks from major thoroughfares and residential areas. Where feasible, delineate
energy corridors for such high-voltage transmission lines.
Objective 10: Increase the integration of natural systems planning.
Policies:
10.1: Protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s beaches, shoreline, open spaces, and scenic
resources.
10.2: During discretionary permit applications, the Planning Director may require a
pedestrian, equestrian, and/or bicycle path when it is possible and safe to connect to
existing or future open space, drainage, or active living corridors.
10.3: Proposed discretionary permits for large development projects (200+ units) in the
North Kohala, South Kohala, North Kona, South Kona, and Kaʻū Districts should be
designed to be as water neutral as reasonably possible through water conservation,
recharge, and reuse measures to reduce the water footprint.
10.4: Identify outstanding natural or cultural features, such as water courses, fine groves
of trees, heiau, and historical sites and structures on subdivision preliminary plat maps.
Objective 12: Reduce the threat to life and property from natural hazards and disasters.
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Policies:
12.1: Enact additional land use and building structure regulations in areas vulnerable to
severe damage due to the impact of waves or inundation.
12.2: Review land use policy as it relates to floodplains, high surf, and tsunami hazard
areas.
12.3: Consider natural hazards in all land use planning and permitting.
12.4: Discourage intensive residential development in areas of high volcanic hazard.
12.5: Discourage public investment/infrastructure that supports increases in density in
high-risk hazard areas, while allowing such investment to support existing residents and
facilities.
12.6: Reduce development intensity in identified high-risk hazard areas.
12.7: Incorporate hazard mitigation strategies into policies and planning decisions using
the most conservative models in delineating hazard areas.
12.8: Encourage the development and implementation of Community Wildfire Protection
Plans, Firewise Community Certification, and public education programs for communities
with high wildfire risk.
12.9: Encourage the use of natural features such as sand dunes, xeriscape, or native
plants to provide buffers from hazards.
H. GOVERNANCE AND ETHICS
The Integrated Systems section of the draft plan (Section 4.6) focuses on the need for
collaboration and the use of interconnected systems across county departments to enhance
efficiency, service delivery, and policy development. This section outlines several key benefits
and objectives of adopting integrated systems, including improved service delivery, cost savings,
enhanced efficiency, and better data management. Additionally, it includes policies to ensure
adequate funding, technology adoption, alignment and consolidation of functions, collaboration
with state agencies, and the integration of sustainability, climate resilience, and equity into all
county operations. Key aspects include:
• Improved Service Delivery and Public Engagement: Sharing information across agencies
to reduce duplication and increase speed.
• Cost Savings: Avoiding redundant systems through pooled resources and streamlined
service delivery.
• Enhanced Efficiency: Reducing bureaucracy and speeding up decision-making by making
information more accessible.
• Improved Data Management: Ensuring data accuracy and accessibility through
centralized information repositories.
• Better Policy Development: Facilitating access to comprehensive and accurate data for
evidence-based policymaking.
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Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Integrated Systems Goal: We employ integrated systems that are efficient, equitable, and
organized to facilitate coordination and collaboration.
Objective 40: Increase collaboration and cooperation for efficiency, effectiveness, and
responsiveness.
Policies:
40.1: Maintain and adequately fund County government services at the level necessary to
be effective.
40.2: Ensure that government attitudes, actions, and services are sensitive to community
needs and concerns.
40.3: Sufficiently fund, and facilitate the timely preparation, maintenance, and update of
public policies and plans to guide County programs and regulatory responsibilities.
40.4: Expand the adoption of technology across all County agencies to achieve greater
efficiency, accessibility, and accountability to the general public throughout government
operations.
40.5: Continue to seek ways of improving public service through the coordination of
service and maximizing the use of personnel and facilities.
40.6: Promote alignment and consolidation of State and County functions whenever more
efficient and effective delivery of government programs and services may be achieved.
40.7: Collaborate with appropriate State agencies for the provision of public facilities to
serve the needs of the community.
40.8: Require all County departments to collaborate with the County Office of
Sustainability, Climate, Equity, and Resilience (OSCER) as the lead agency to ensure the
integration of the County’s goals of sustainability, climate resilience, and equity into all
county operations and planning initiatives.
Objective 41: Maintain fiscal integrity, responsibility, and efficiency.
Policies:
41.1: Provide for a balanced budget.
41.2: Allocate fiscal resources to efficiently implement the objectives of the General Plan
in addition to essential government operations.
41.3: Ensure accountability in government operations.
41.4: Calculate the cost of the different County services provided.
41.5: Continue regular review of the County fee and fine schedules.
41.6: Maintain a debt financing plan to schedule bond authorization.
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41.7: Leverage multiple sources of funding as part of the Capital Improvements Program
(CIP).
41.8: Encourage financing tools like Community Facilities Districts (CFD) to help fund off-
site infrastructure improvements.
41.9: Develop short and long-range capital improvements program and operating budgets
for public facilities and services.
41.10: Capital projects shall be analyzed for overlapping scopes.
41.11: Projects involving more than one Department’s assets shall be coordinated to
define scoping, design, and construction needs.
41.12: Improve the effectiveness of the Capital Improvements Program to maintain
transparency of the status of all County CIP projects.
Objective 42: Achieve equitable outcomes for County programs, policies, and allocation of
resources.
Policies:
42.1: Promote policies that actively address and reduce disparate outcomes for historically
underserved communities.
42.2: Seek equitable distribution of County investments towards promoting employment
opportunities, infrastructure, and other community benefits.
42.3: Provide resources for County employees to understand and actively advance equity
solutions within all agencies of County government.
42.4: Consider financial and time barriers, geographic constraints, and language
accessibility when conducting community outreach.
I. HEALTH AND RECREATION
The plan emphasizes a holistic approach to health and recreation, prioritizing access to facilities
and spaces that promote well-being across all age groups. The draft contains a comprehensive
set of objectives and policies aimed at ensuring equitable access to recreational and health
facilities and promoting active lifestyles. Health and recreation are primarily addressed in the
Public Facilities and Services section (Section 4.4), Recreation (4.4.6) and Community Health
and Wellness (4.4.7). The goal of Section 4.4 is twofold:
Our communities are safe and protected, and have access to integrative health, education,
and social services to support a high quality of life for all residents.
Our communities are adequately served by sustainable and efficient public infrastructure,
utilities, and services based on existing and future growth needs, sound design principles, and
effective maintenance practices.
Strategies throughout the plan include those relating to the equitable allocation of facilities, design
and use of recreational facilities, maintenance and improvement, inclusive recreational services,
sustainable and accessible design, and community engagement and planning. The
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comprehensive approach ensures that health and recreation are central to the county’s future in
terms of enhancing community health, well-being, and connectivity.
• Blue Zone: The plan acknowledges the importance of trails and active living initiatives.
These types of initiatives are designed to support walking, biking, and other active forms
of transportation, contributing to improved public health and quality of life.
• Health Facilities: The plan supports the expansion of the healthcare industry, particularly
in underserved areas. It encourages the development of more clinics and healthcare
facilities to ensure that all residents have access to quality healthcare services.
• Intergenerational Gathering Locations: Recognizing the importance of community
cohesion, the plan promotes the creation of intergenerational gathering spaces for people
of all ages can connect. These include community centers and parks that are designed to
cater to a range of ages.
• Community Parks and Open Space: The plan highlights the need for more community
parks and the preservation of open space. It advocates for the creation of public spaces
where residents can enjoy nature, engage in recreational activities, and participate in
community events.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 9: Maintain community character and land use compatibility.
Policies:
9.3: Zoning, subdivision, and other applicable ordinances shall provide for and protect
open space areas.
9.4: Support mechanisms, such as PUD and Cluster Plan Development (CPD), that group
parcel density to preserve open space, recreational areas, or scenic viewsheds.
9.5: Discretionary permit applications for uses that may impact view planes to and along
the coastline, and areas of natural beauty should take into consideration visual impact
assessments and propose conditions to mitigate scenic impacts where appropriate.
Objective 10: Increase the integration of natural systems planning.
Policies:
10.1: Protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s beaches, shoreline, open spaces, and scenic
resources.
10.2: During discretionary permit applications, the Planning Director may require a
pedestrian, equestrian, and/or bicycle path when it is possible and safe to connect to
existing or future open space, drainage, or active living corridors.
Objective 13: Increase the use of Smart Growth principles to focus development within
designated urban centers.
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Policies:
13.5: Rezonings that promote infill are encouraged and should be conditioned to ensure
connectivity to the surrounding developments and, where applicable, to provide mixed-
use opportunities to make the area more pedestrian-oriented.
13.6: The establishment of urban types of zoning may include additional acreages to
account for acreages utilized for public benefits, such as historic sites, public access,
parks, and open space.
13.9: Support the rezoning of land to multiple residential near places of employment, retail,
utilities, and educational, recreational, cultural, and public facilities.
13.10: Development of TODs and TNDs are encouraged within locations of the urban
centers shown on the General Plan Land Use Map. These locations are approximate and
become fixed during rezoning.
13.13: Support master planning by public and private institutions and landowners which
emphasize TOD, affordable housing, and mixed-use development.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policies:
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.3: Prior to disposing of, leasing, or transferring public lands through County Property
Management procedures, the County shall assess, document, and protect access to
existing active living corridors that are located on County-owned parcels.
17.4: Land use applications shall identify as early as possible any existing or potential
active living corridors that should be incorporated into the County’s open space network.
17.5: Ensure that existing active living corridors that are publicly owned or available by
easement are properly identified and that their access elements are secured and
documented.
a) Primary examples include but are not limited to historic trails and roads, roads-in-
limbo, ‘paper roads’, former sugar cane roads, train infrastructure remnants (Rails to
Trails), and pedestrian and bicycling paths.
b) “Acceptance” by the County of the responsibilities detailed in the grant of easements
should require County Council action and a dedicated funding source.
17.6: Provide public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
17.7: Establish public access to historic and modern active living corridors and facilities
that provide an island-wide route and connect to major destinations.
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Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.1: Ensure transit routes connect with other modes of active transportation consistent
with the County Street Design Manual.
18.2: Provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities.
18.3: Maximize regular and paratransit service to the following:
a) Town centers, commercial districts, and employment centers.
b) Airports and cruise ship terminals.
c) University and adult education centers.
d) Accommodate school schedules such as after-school activities and sports.
18.4: Bus maintenance facilities should be developed at or near appropriate transit hubs.
18.5: Adopt hub and spoke system including alternative first and last mile or door-to-door
services.
18.6: Transit infrastructure (e.g., bus stops, bus pullouts, waiting benches and shelters,
and signs) shall be adequate and upgraded along existing and future transit routes.
18.7: Data shall be collected and analyzed to optimize mass transit planning, operation,
and overall performance.
18.8: Improve and expand public transportation in communities with the highest
socioeconomic needs.
18.9: The County’s public transit system assets shall be available to assist in
transportation in emergency situations.
Objective 19: Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
Policies:
19.1: Encourage collaboration between the Planning Department, the Department of
Public Works, the Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Mass Transit Agency to
define the scope and priority of capital investment projects that achieve active
transportation objectives and goals.
19.2: Increase arterial capacity through prioritization of alternative means of
transportation, such as mass transit, bicycle, and pedestrian systems.
19.3: Incorporate bicycle routes, lanes, and paths within road rights-of-way.
19.4: Increase mobility for minors, non-licensed adults, low-income, elderly, and people
with mobility limitations through prioritization of alternative means of transportation.
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19.5: Roadway designs and improvements made by the Department of Public Works shall
accommodate pedestrian-friendly, multimodal design, and on-street parking evaluations,
to the fullest extent possible.
19.6: Use traffic demand management to aid in reducing traffic congestion by targeting an
increase of active transportation mode share to 10 percent (bicycling, walking, micro-
mobility).
19.7: Concurrency reviews should incorporate reduction in vehicle miles traveled to
mitigate traffic impacts (e.g. the level of service) and achieve sustainability and demand management goals.
Objective 20: Achieve a transportation system that employs all modes of transportation at a
community scale.
Policies:
20.1: Encourage the application of the County of Hawaiʻi Street Design Manual when
necessary to preserve the character of an area while maintaining a pedestrian and bicycle
friendly design and desired landscaping solutions.
20.2: In planning, designing, and constructing new roadways or modernizing
improvements, transportation agencies should balance the conservation of the area’s
natural, historic, and scenic qualities with transportation safety objectives for traffic speed,
safety, and traffic calming.
20.3: Support and provide technical assistance to assist in the development of road
improvement districts to finance road improvements.
20.4: Preserve the unique character of an area by allowing flexibility in existing roadway
improvements and maintenance while seeking a pedestrian-friendly design and desired
landscaping solutions.
20.5: Incentivize subdivision roadway connectivity.
20.6: A corridor planning/management program shall be maintained to help prioritize
various active transportation projects.
Objective 22: Increase transportation safety for transportation’s most vulnerable users and reduce traffic fatalities.
Policies:
22.1: Human life and public health are prioritized within all aspects of the transportation
system.
22.2: Safety solutions should be prioritized in areas with the most vulnerable populations.
22.3: Engage communities in defining issues and developing solutions for their
community, with a particular focus on prioritizing disadvantaged and vulnerable
populations.
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22.4: Prioritize interdepartmental coordination and accountability of traffic safety through
education, enforcement, engineering, encouragement, and evaluation. Focus on policies,
practices, staffing, and programs to improve road and pedestrian safety.
22.5: Incorporate traffic-calming features into arterial road and street designs to include
vertical deflections, horizontal shifts, roadway narrowing, and closures to reduce speeding
and increase safety. These may include techniques such as roundabouts, median
barriers, speed humps, raised intersections, and other transportation industry practices.
22.6: Commit to an equitable approach and outcomes, including prioritizing engagement
and investments in traditionally under-served communities and adopting equitable traffic
enforcement practices.
22.7: Develop roadway standards to accommodate emerging technology for connected
and automated vehicles.
22.8: Maintain dedicated roadway standards that are appropriate to roadway type and
achieve active transportation and safety goals.
22.9: Engage and collaborate with the owners of private roads and local community
groups to help identify and develop road management agreements that mitigate road
closures to provide emergency evacuation routes.
Objective 31: Adequately maintain public facilities.
Policies:
31.1: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans to
prolong the life of our facilities as well as reduce whole-life costs.
31.2: Maintain the unique features of historic structures, while balancing maintenance and
safety needs.
31.3: Prioritize the replacement of deficient and inadequate facilities.
31.4: Encourage the adoption of innovative materials and methods that improve facility
resilience.
31.5: The development of County facilities should be designed to fit into the locale with
minimal intrusion while providing the desired services. Implement protocols for receiving
community input during capital improvement project siting and design.
31.6: Explore and encourage adaptive reuse of former facilities such as airports (e.g.,
Makaʻeo Park) and fire stations (e.g., Kawailani Fire Station).
Objective 35: Park facilities are located within a 10-minute walk in urban areas and a 10-
minute drive in rural communities.
Policies:
Parks and Recreation Funding
35.1: Diversify funding sources for recreational facilities.
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35.2: State and County CIPs should continue to be coordinated to reflect recreational
priorities.
35.3: Equitably allocate park dedications and in-lieu fees among the districts relative to
the population.
Interagency Collaboration and Public Engagement
35.4: Continue to improve parks and recreation outreach efforts to ensure program and
facility information is adequately available, promoted online through accessible websites
and other mediums, and kept up to date to facilitate maximum community participation.
Recreation Facilities Siting and Planning
35.5: Recreational facilities shall reflect the natural, historic, and cultural character of the
area.
35.6: Equitably allocate facility-based parks among the districts relative to population, with
public input to determine the locations and types of facilities.
35.7: Existing and new parks should be designed with features that accommodate and
encourage meaningful levels of physical activity according to the level of service criteria.
35.8: Recreational facilities shall be assessed for dual use as emergency shelters and
hardened as needed.
35.9: Establish, in cooperation with the State Department of Education, joint use of
schoolyards, County parks, and other public facilities for community use for recreational,
cultural, and other compatible uses.
35.10: Recreational facilities should be planned and located where they will best facilitate
and support active-living communities.
35.11: Recreational sites should be planned and located within a 10-minute walk from
residences in population centers, and serve with a minimum of five acres of land for park
purposes per 1,000 resident population in non-population centers of Hawaiʻi Island.
35.12: Facilitate and prioritize the co-location of schools, parks, and senior centers to
promote interactivity between community members of all ages.
Recreational Facilities Maintenance and Improvement
35.13: Public lands with unique recreational and natural resources shall be maintained for
public use.
35.14: Maintain and/or improve park facilities and programs based on community needs
assessments to ensure County services are meeting the social, recreational, and activity
needs of our communities.
35.15: Implement a proactive maintenance program to ensure that park facilities and trails
are safely maintained for optimum usage.
35.16: Prioritize maintenance and necessary improvements at existing park facilities over
developing new park facilities within each district (this does not preclude accepting lands
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for future park development or acquiring properties for the intent of preserving open space,
scenic areas, natural hazard areas, or cultural/historic areas from development).
35.17: Combine recreation facility improvement projects with other needed facility
improvements (e.g., ADA improvements with facility hardening, etc.)
Recreational Services
35.18: Provide facilities and a broad recreational program for all age groups, with special
considerations for the handicapped, the elderly, and young children.
35.19: Prioritize park acquisition and improvements that involve under-represented open
recreation and healthy living activities (outside the scope of organized sports), such as:
a) Walking and biking trails
b) Skate/roller blade parks
c) Dog-friendly parks
d) Parks that offer camping opportunities
e) Botanical and community garden parks, pocket and art parks
f) Equestrian/rodeo arenas
g) Archery and shooting ranges
h) ATV and motorized recreation areas
i) Other types of active and passive recreation that enhance the quality of life for
residents and visitors.
35.20: Support and enhance recreational facilities by developing additional recreational
offerings in underutilized areas of County properties, such as the Panaʻewa Recreation
Complex.
Objective 36: Each community has access to healthcare facilities, programs, or community-
based care.
Policies:
36.1: Ensure regular health service assessments identify and address the unique needs
of the medically underserved population, especially in rural areas.
36.2: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, and other stakeholders to
ensure equitable access to healthcare services.
36.3: Ensure healthy communities through aligned land use and infrastructure policies.
36.4: Active living considerations should be integrated into the design of communities.
36.5: Advocate to the State to continue the operation of the rural hospitals.
36.6: Support the establishment of centrally located, 24-hour, full-service medical facilities,
with trauma care, to service rural areas.
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36.7: Hospitals should be on sites capable of handling moderate expansion of facilities.
Quiet surroundings, convenient and adequate access, and compatibility with adjoining
uses shall be required.
36.8: Hospitals shall be served by a public sewerage system or have self-contained
sewerage systems.
36.9: Ensure that hospitals are sufficiently hardened to remain in effective use through
natural disasters.
36.10: Establish a comprehensive network of health and wellness services.
36.11: Integrate community health concerns in community planning.
36.12: Advocate for programs serving the elderly, disabled, and homeless persons.
36.13: Improve coordination and integration of services.
36.14: Support the establishment of home and community-based services (HCBS) that
operate consistent with community character.
36.15 Increase opportunities and support for home-based care for aging in place.
J. HOUSING AND SHELTER
The draft addresses housing and shelter with a comprehensive focus on affordability, inclusivity,
and access to supportive services. The Sustainable Development and Resilient Communities
Chapter contains a section called Housing for All (Section 4.5). The goal of this section is for
residents to have access to adequate and affordable housing to meet the needs of the population
and provide equitable opportunities for household flexibility and mobility. The draft addresses the
following themes to promote a more equitable and resilient housing landscape for all residents.
• Affordable and Senior Housing: The plan prioritizes increasing the availability of affordable
housing for residents, with a particular emphasis on senior housing to support the aging
population. It outlines strategies for developing more housing units that meet the needs of
low- and moderate-income households.
• Transitional Housing and Social Services: For vulnerable populations, including those
experiencing homelessness, the plan advocates for expanded transitional housing and
access to social services that provide support for individuals and families in need. The
plan integrates educational programs to improve access to job training, financial literacy,
and other resources that can help residents secure and maintain stable housing.
• Mass Transit and Accessibility: Recognizing the connection between housing and mobility,
the plan emphasizes improving mass transit options to ensure that residents have better
access to jobs, schools, and services. This includes enhancing public transportation
routes in underserved areas.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 11: Increase equitable planning and decision-making processes.
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Policies:
11.1: Ensure there is necessary and adequate on-site infrastructure for development
projects may include but not limited to water, wastewater, and multimodal infrastructure.
11.2: Ensure affordable housing requirements that meet the demand created by the
development.
11.3: The County may impose incremental and conditional zoning based on performance
conditions that focus on addressing the impacts of the proposed development.
11.4: Concurrency reviews should incorporate reduction in vehicle miles traveled to
mitigate traffic impacts and achieve sustainability and demand management goals.
Objective 13: Increase the use of Smart Growth principles to focus development within
designated urban centers.
Policies:
13.1: Encourage flexibility in the design of residential sites, buildings, and related facilities
to achieve a diversity of socio-economic housing mix and innovative means of meeting
the market requirements.
13.2: Prioritize increase in density, rehabilitation, and redevelopment within existing zoned
urban areas already served by basic infrastructure, or close to such areas.
13.3: Incentivize rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of existing buildings rather than
demolition in urban areas characterized by vacant, abandoned, and underutilized older
buildings.
13.4: Encourage the rehabilitation and/or utilization of maximum density in multi-family
residential areas.
13.5: Rezonings that promote infill are encouraged and should be conditioned to ensure
connectivity to the surrounding developments and, where applicable, to provide mixed-
use opportunities to make the area more pedestrian-oriented.
13.6: The establishment of urban types of zoning may include additional acreages to
account for acreages utilized for public benefits, such as historic sites, public access,
parks, and open space.
13.7: Within the “high- and medium-density“ area, commercial development shall be
focused on major streets, while interior blocks should be zoned primarily for small lot
single-family and multi-family residential use.
13.8: Focus on medium- and high-density residential and commercial uses in communities
that can sustain a higher intensity of uses and where consistent with General Plan Land
Use Map and existing town character.
13.9: Support the rezoning of land to multiple residential near places of employment, retail,
utilities, and educational, recreational, cultural, and public facilities.
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13.10: Development of TODs and TNDs are encouraged within locations of the urban
centers shown on the General Plan Land Use Map. These locations are approximate and
become fixed during rezoning.
13.13: Support master planning by public and private institutions and landowners which
emphasize TOD, affordable housing, and mixed-use development.
Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.1: Ensure transit routes connect with other modes of active transportation consistent
with the County Street Design Manual.
18.2: Provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities.
18.3: Maximize regular and paratransit service to the following:
a) Town centers, commercial districts, and employment centers.
b) Airports and cruise ship terminals.
c) University and adult education centers.
d) Accommodate school schedules such as after-school activities and sports.
18.4: Bus maintenance facilities should be developed at or near appropriate transit hubs.
18.5: Adopt hub and spoke system including alternative first and last mile or door-to-door
services.
18.6: Transit infrastructure (e.g., bus stops, bus pullouts, waiting benches and shelters,
and signs) shall be adequate and upgraded along existing and future transit routes.
18.7: Data shall be collected and analyzed to optimize mass transit planning, operation,
and overall performance.
18.8: Improve and expand public transportation in communities with the highest
socioeconomic needs.
18.9: The County’s public transit system assets shall be available to assist in
transportation in emergency situations.
Objective 36: Each community has access to healthcare facilities, programs, or community-based care.
Policies:
36.1: Ensure regular health service assessments identify and address the unique needs
of the medically underserved population, especially in rural areas.
36.3: Ensure healthy communities through aligned land use and infrastructure policies.
36.4: Active living considerations should be integrated into the design of communities.
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36.10: Establish a comprehensive network of health and wellness services.
36.11: Integrate community health concerns in community planning.
36.12: Advocate for programs serving the elderly, disabled, and homeless persons.
36.13: Improve coordination and integration of services.
Objective 37: Increase the number and variety of newly constructed housing units for rent and
sale that addresses a range of Area Median Income (AMI). (Diversity and Expand Housing)
Policies:
37.1: County departments shall collaborate to identify and prioritize infrastructure needs
such as roads, water, and wastewater and public-private partnerships that support the
desired density of housing types near mixed-use centers and transit hubs in urban growth
areas.
37.2: Incentivize a mix of diverse housing types, including missing middle housing, smaller
house designs, and mixed-income communities.
37.3: Prioritize new housing including the missing middle in or near mixed-use
developments, urban growth areas with infrastructure, and near existing and proposed
transit centers.
37.4: Support experimental housing, energy efficiency, and compact housing communities
in accordance with HRS, Section 46-15.
37.5: Incentivize the use of universal design principles and ADA accessibility in new
construction to create physically accessible housing for children, the aging, and those with
mobility limitations.
37.6: Vacant lands in the urban growth boundary (UGB) should be prioritized for
residential and supportive uses before additional agricultural lands outside the UGB are
converted into urban uses.
Objective 38: Monitor, conserve, and improve the existing housing stock. (Manage Existing
Housing)
Policies:
38.1: Enable data-driven research to support and maintain a housing inventory program that monitors existing housing.
38.2: Incentivize the use of universal design principles and ADA improvements for the
rehabilitation of existing housing and to create physical accessibility for those with mobility
limitations.
38.3: Encourage the adaptive reuse of non-residential spaces for residential purposes in
urban growth areas where supporting infrastructure exists.
38.4: Identify and support federal, state, and local housing assistance programs to
rehabilitate existing housing for very low- to moderate-income residents.
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Objective 39: Prioritize providing quality affordable housing for Hawaiʻi’s residents. (Create
Housing Affordability)
Policies:
39.1: Support affordable housing developments for all users including but not limited to
the following groups: middle-income workforce, elderly, minimum wage workers,
agriculture workers, individuals with special needs, individuals with disabilities, homeless,
and retired individuals.
39.2: Support innovative and experimental housing types that address homelessness
located near services, job centers, and transit hubs, while providing support services such
as rent assistance.
39.3: All affordable housing projects that receive development benefits from the County,
such as land use/zoning approvals, special approvals (including HRS, Section 201-H),
conditional uses, and density bonuses, shall be required to maintain the affordable rental
units for not less than 20 years pursuant to deed restrictions or other mechanisms
specified in the HCC.
39.4: Reduce the cost and time of processing land use and construction applications,
particularly for affordable housing projects.
39.5: Allow for and apply property tax and land use regulations to incentivize private
property owners to provide affordable housing units in mixed-use and urban areas and to
disincentivize the land banking of unimproved properties.
39.6: Encourage public agencies and private organizations to participate in federal, state,
and private programs to provide new and rehabilitated housing and rental opportunities
for low- and moderate-income households.
39.7: Enable housing programs that implement a land trust strategy for publicly owned
parcels.
39.8: Encourage the development of workforce housing within or near urban growth areas
and employment centers and require large new developments that create a demand for
housing to provide affordable workforce housing.
39.9: Enable and encourage the development of affordable retirement communities and
aging-in-place opportunities that are located near services and activities for seniors.
39.10: Affordable housing projects should have sufficient open space and recreational
amenities or be located near public facilities.
K. MILITARY
The military is not specifically addressed in the plan because the document focuses primarily on
sustainability, land use, economic development, and community well-being within the County of
Hawaiʻi’s civilian population. While the military does have a presence in Hawaiʻi, defense matters
are largely under federal and state jurisdiction rather than county. Military installations and
activities operate independently of local land use and zoning laws.
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The General Plan, being a county-level planning document, focuses on local governance issues
such as infrastructure, housing, environmental protection and management, and public services.
The plan prioritizes biocultural stewardship, climate resilience, land use policies, socioeconomic
development – areas where county-level guidance and authority are most relevant. By focusing
on areas that fall under its legal authority, the county ensures that the general plan remains
aligned with its core responsibilities, leaving military concerns to state and federal planning efforts.
L. SENSE OF PLACE/NATURAL BEAUTY/CULTURE/PUBLIC ACCESS
The draft emphasizes the importance of preserving and enhancing the island’s sense of place,
natural beauty, culture, and public access. Overall, the plan integrates respect for Hawaiʻi’s
cultural and natural resources into its policies, maintaining a balance between preservation of the
island’s unique identity and responsible public access and recreation. Key themes addressed in
the plan include:
• Preserving Heritage: The plan underscores the protection of sacred and special places,
such as wahi pana (storied places) and cultural landmarks. This ensures that future
development respects and preserves the island’s historical and cultural significance.
• Celebration Events and Culture: The plan supports local celebration events that foster
community identity and maintain the cultural traditions of Hawaiʻi. This includes
encouraging public participation in festivals and cultural gatherings that celebrate the
island’s diverse heritage.
• Sensitive Natural and Cultural Resources: Special focus is given to protecting sensitive
natural and cultural resources, such as native ecosystems, archaeological sites, and
culturally significant landscapes. Policies are put in place to balance conservation with
public access, ensuring that residents and visitors can experience the island’s natural
beauty without compromising its integrity.
The Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship chapter (Chapter 2) serves as the foundation for the
subsequent sections of the plan with its goal:
Natural and cultural resources are thriving and sustainably managed, preserved, and
restored to maintain our unique and diverse environment.
Biocultural stewardship integrates the connection between the natural environment and cultural
heritage. This approach emphasizes the preservation and sustainable management of both
biological resources (such as native ecosystems, watersheds, and coastal areas) and cultural
resources (including sacred sites, traditional practices, and historic land use systems (ahupuaʻa).
By viewing land and resource management through a biocultural lens, the plan ensures that land
use policies:
• Respect and protect cultural traditions: This includes maintaining traditional Hawaiian
practices such as agriculture, fishing, and gathering, which are tied to the land and natural
resources.
• Promote sustainability: The biocultural framework encourages land use that regenerates
ecosystems while supporting human activity in a way that is mindful of long-term
environmental health.
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• Guide development decisions: This section informs land use zoning and development by
ensuring that areas with significant cultural or ecological importance are preserved and
respected. This leads to responsible land use that balances growth with the protection of
sensitive areas.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 1: Increase the biodiversity and resilience of native habitats.
See related policies and actions.
Objective 2: Preserve and enhance the health and function of watersheds to promote water
recharge, improve water quality, and reduce runoff.
See related policies and actions.
Objective 3: Increase direct community restoration and collaborative efforts to conserve and
nourish the island’s biocultural resources.
See related policies and actions.
Objective 4: The historical integrity, character, scenic assets, and open spaces of our
communities are protected, restored, and treated as unique assets with significant social and
economic value and managed in perpetuity.
See related policies and actions.
Objective 5: Protect, restore, and enhance our communities’ unique scenic character.
See related policies and actions.
Objective 10: Increase the integration of natural systems planning.
Policies:
10.1: Protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s beaches, shoreline, open spaces, and scenic
resources.
10.2: During discretionary permit applications, the Planning Director may require a
pedestrian, equestrian, and/or bicycle path when it is possible and safe to connect to
existing or future open space, drainage, or active living corridors.
10.3: Proposed discretionary permits for large development projects (200+ units) in the
North Kohala, South Kohala, North Kona, South Kona, and Kaʻū Districts should be
designed to be as water neutral as reasonably possible through water conservation,
recharge, and reuse measures to reduce the water footprint.
10.4: Identify outstanding natural or cultural features, such as water courses, fine groves
of trees, heiau, and historical sites and structures on subdivision preliminary plat maps.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
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Policies:
17.1: Ensure Native Hawaiian access rights are clearly expressed in County code,
policies, and procedures.
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.3: Prior to disposing of, leasing, or transferring public lands through County Property
Management procedures, the County shall assess, document, and protect access to
existing active living corridors that are located on County-owned parcels.
17.4: Land use applications shall identify as early as possible any existing or potential
active living corridors that should be incorporated into the County’s open space network.
17.5: Ensure that existing active living corridors that are publicly owned or available by
easement are properly identified and that their access elements are secured and
documented.
a) Primary examples include but are not limited to historic trails and roads, roads-in-
limbo, ‘paper roads’, former sugar cane roads, train infrastructure remnants (Rails to
Trails), and pedestrian and bicycling paths.
b) “Acceptance” by the County of the responsibilities detailed in the grant of easements
should require County Council action and a dedicated funding source.
17.6: Provide public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
17.7: Establish public access to historic and modern active living corridors and facilities
that provide an island-wide route and connect to major destinations.
Objective 48: Support the visitor industry investment in its connection with communities, the
ʻāina, and our historic and multicultural heritage.
Policies:
48.1: Continue to monitor and adopt trends and standards for regenerative tourism.
48.2: Identify partnerships and resources with the visitor industry to ensure balance with
the social, physical, and economic goals of the County.
48.3: Prioritize the maintenance of County properties and establish appropriate protocols
for the protection of wahi pana.
48.4: Ensure and expand equitable access to interpretive information about wahi pana.
48.5: Support the coordination, collaboration, and improvement of public transportation
services as well as eco-friendly options.
48.6: Support the coordination, collaboration, and improvement of public access to natural
and cultural resources with State agencies and landowners while balancing the need for
protection of these areas.
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48.7: Support partnerships to evaluate visitor industry impacts, develop mitigation
strategies, and incorporate educational programs on Native Hawaiian and community-
based pono practices.
Objective 49: Increase authentic Hawaiʻi Island visitor experiences.
Policies:
49.1: Integrate ʻāina- place-based values into Hawaiʻi Island’s identity.
49.2: Strengthen the accessibility of creative industries and Hawaiʻi Island-made products
such as fashion, food, and the arts to the visitor industry.
49.3: Sustain a visitor industry that promotes small business development.
49.4: Encourage agricultural, educational, and ecological tourism as regional
opportunities.
49.5: Strategically guide regenerative tourism efforts that promote a high quality of life for
residents.
49.6: Collaboratively create initiatives and improve existing efforts to provide social
benefits through transportation, community assets, and housing.
49.7: Support the promotion and development of community-based programs, festivals,
and events that celebrate our communities.
49.8: Support and facilitate dialogue among community groups, visitor and tour operators,
and industry leaders to ensure ʻāina- and place-based values are respected and
maintained.
M. TOURISM
The draft addresses tourism by emphasizing regenerative practices, infrastructure development,
and community and interagency collaboration. The plan envisions a balanced tourism sector that
supports the economy while preserving the island’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and
maintaining the quality of life for residents. Key themes addressed in the plan include:
• Airports and Harbors: The plan includes upgrades to airports and harbors to improve
visitor access while ensuring these facilities align with sustainability and environmental
goals. This supports both the visitor industry and local needs.
• Collaboration with the Visitor Industry: Collaboration between communities, public
agencies, nonprofit groups, private organizations, and the visitor industry is encouraged
to ensure tourism development respects local culture and natural resources. This includes
working with stakeholders to balance economic benefits with the preservation of our
unique heritage.
• Innovative Tourism and Growth Sectors: The plan promotes ecotourism as a key aspect
of the visitor economy, highlighting the importance of educating visitors on the island’s
ecosystems and supporting activities that contribute to environmental conservation.
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• Visitor Services and Signage: Improved visitor services and signage are planned to
enhance the visitor experience, ensuring that tourists have easy access to key information
and can navigate the island in a way that respects both cultural and environmental
sensitivities
• Environmental Quality and Connectivity: The plan emphasizes maintaining high
environmental quality by promoting responsible tourism that minimizes impacts on natural
and cultural resources. Strengthened connectivity with the visitor industry ensures that
tourism supports local values and long-term sustainability
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 13: Increase the use of Smart Growth principles to focus development within
designated urban centers.
Policies:
Resort
13.41: Resorts, hotels, visitor attractions, and related development shall be in areas
adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other essential infrastructure.
13.42: Promote and prioritize the rehabilitation and the optimum utilization of resort areas
that are presently serviced by basic facilities and utilities before allowing new resorts.
13.43: Coastal resort developments shall provide public access to and public parking for
beach and shoreline areas.
13.44: The development or designation of new resort areas should complement the
character of the area; protect the environment and natural beauty; respect existing
lifestyles, cultural practices, and cultural resources; and provide shoreline public access.
13.45: Do not allow new Resort (V) zoning development along the ocean side of Aliʻi Drive.
13.46: Resort development should be in balance with the social and physical goals as well
as the economic desires of the residents of the area.
13.47: Encourage new developments to be water neutral by balancing water supply and
demand.
13.48: Retreat Resort uses may be permitted outside UGAs through Special Permits only
when there is a clear community benefit or consistent with County, State, and Federal
sustainability objectives.
13.49: On-site affordable housing and workforce units shall be excluded from the total
permitted visitor unit counts for existing and new resort developments.
13.50: Encourage the addition of workforce housing opportunities within existing and
proposed resort nodes.
13.51: Incorporate open and natural spaces within existing and future resort nodes.
Objective 14: Maximize the use of Rural designated lands to preserve rural character and
lifestyle.
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Policies:
14.1: Support the State Land Use reclassification to Rural in alignment with the General
Plan Rural designation.
14.2: Support reclassification/rezoning of appropriate General Plan Rural designated
areas where an intermediate land use and a well-defined buffer between Urban and
Productive Agricultural areas are consistent with the surrounding uses and rural character.
14.3: Support General Plan amendments and rezoning applications for the development
of new Rural Neighborhood Centers with adequate infrastructure, as necessary, in or near
presently underserved subdivisions, beginning with those experiencing higher rates of
population growth.
14.4: Rural-style residential-agricultural developments, such as new small-scale rural
communities or extensions of existing rural communities, should be incentivized to cluster
in appropriate locations.
14.5: Support the development of small-scale visitor accommodations with heritage,
agriculture, wellness, or similar themes in rural areas and near points of interest.
14.6: Provide flexibility in discretionary permit applications to maintain health and safety
for rural small-scale visitor accommodations not serviced by public infrastructure.
Objective 15: Support the active use of Productive Agricultural lands.
Policies:
15.1: Development in Productive Agriculture and Extensive Agriculture areas should
include agricultural uses, related economic infrastructure and cottage industries,
compatible renewable energy, open area recreational uses, community facilities, and
compatible agriculture worker housing.
15.2: Special permit applications within Productive Agriculture designated land should
support primary agriculture use.
15.3: Encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between Productive Agriculture and
adjacent other uses of land to mitigate unintended agriculture externalities such as
machine/animal noise, odors, fertilizer/pesticide drift, and related impacts.
15.4: Preserve agricultural character, including the open space preserved by agricultural
land.
15.5: Support the development of small-scale visitor accommodations that directly
promote the agriculture industry, health and wellness industry directly related to
agriculture, or are near points of interest that support agriculture.
15.6: Any subdivision or agriculture worker housing complex developed on Productive
Agricultural Lands should be clustered to minimize impact.
15.7: Encourage and aid the agricultural industry in continuing to provide agriculture
worker housing.
15.8: Encourage the use of agriculture, ranch, and forestry land preservation programs.
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15.9: Promote the preservation and restoration of indigenous agricultural systems.
15.10: Provide flexibility to allow adjacent compatible uses for agriculture with industrial
components, such as carbon sequestration, timber, or food processing.
15.11: Encourage agroforestry as a viable industry, which can utilize less productive
agricultural lands and contribute to carbon sequestration.
Objective 24: Improve accessibility to airports, harbor systems, and support facilities.
Policies:
24.1: Encourage the programmed improvement of existing terminals, including adequate
provisions for control of pollution and appropriate and adequate covered storage facilities
for agricultural products.
24.2: The State Department of Transportation should continue to implement its plans for
transportation terminals and related facilities to promote and follow desired land use
policies.
24.3: Transportation terminals should be developed in conjunction with the different
elements of the overall transportation system.
24.4: Encourage maximum use of the island's airport and harbor facilities.
24.5: Encourage the development, maintenance, and enhancement of Hilo and Kawaihae
Harbors as detailed within the State’s Hawaiʻi Commercial Harbors 2035 Master Plan.
24.6: Support the State’s objectives to acquire rights within the runway clear-zones, limit
heights within approach zones, and restrict noise-sensitive uses within designated noise
contours determined by the State.
24.7: Future land uses in the vicinity of airports and harbors should have an adequate
open space buffer and/or be compatible with the anticipated noise exposure and industrial
nature in the vicinity.
24.8: Encourage pedestrian-oriented connectivity around harbors and small boat harbors.
24.9: Encourage master planning of small boat harbors to accommodate commercial and
recreational fishing, tour boats, as well as business and recreational ocean activities, that
balance economic vitality and environmental sensitivity.
Objective 44: Increase the growth and health of small businesses.
Policies:
44.1: Establish Hawaiʻi Island as a business-friendly place.
44.2: Streamline regulatory processes associated with starting and operating a business.
44.3: Shared workspaces, including certified kitchens and industrial co-work buildings,
shall be supported.
44.4: Initiate and/or support programs to revitalize town centers and increase the
patronage of local businesses.
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44.5: Maintain strong partnerships and effective communication with the business
community to identify barriers and actions to improve the business climate.
44.6: Support the creation of shared facilities and resources that can be utilized by multiple
opportunity clusters, such as creative industries and technical services.
44.7: Promote creative industries through collaboration with local artists on the design and
creation of public, livable spaces.
44.8: Support programs and initiatives that encourage manufacturing and support Hawaiʻi
Island’s small-scale independent manufacturers.
44.9: Support business development programs by reducing underwriting risks for the
private sector such as industrial development bonds, tax abatement, and low-interest loan
programs.
44.10: Support access to capital for small businesses and start-ups.
44.11: Promote the use of the incentives offered by federal and state programs such as
opportunity zones and enterprise zones partnership programs to attract businesses.
44.12: Encourage the development of the Technology, Creative, Agribusiness, Health and
Wellness, and Education targeted sectors.
Objective 45: Incorporate resiliency, diversity, and innovation in County programs, plans, and
research to support healthy economic development and revitalization.
Policies:
45.1: Increase County resources and actions devoted to strategic planning, interagency
coordination, training and expertise, and capital improvements.
45.2: The Capital Improvements Program (CIP) shall improve and increase the capacity
of existing and future commercial and industrial areas.
45.3: Maintain a program for updating the zoning code to accommodate emerging
industries and technologies consistent with other goals, objectives, and policies of the
General Plan.
45.4: Support lease terms and extensions on State and Department of Hawaiian Home
Lands (DHHL) lands that provide opportunities to improve or rehabilitate existing
commercial and industrial zoned areas.
45.5: Encourage land uses that allow for small-scale manufacturers in retail
establishments that enhance and are balanced with the County’s natural, cultural, and
social environments.
45.6: Maintain plans and programs to foster sustainable business development
opportunities focusing on regenerative agriculture, green technologies and building,
innovation and technology, creative industries, and regenerative tourism.
45.7: Improve opportunities for multimodal transit that improve the quality of access to
existing job centers.
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45.8: Provide technological infrastructure that increases the competitiveness of
businesses and allows them to thrive in all parts of the island.
45.9: Expand opportunities for innovation and tech-based businesses.
45.10: Promote a distinctive brand for the island of Hawaiʻi including distinctive, regional
identities as an entity unique within the State of Hawaiʻi.
45.11: Encourage the development of economic opportunities through the utilization of by-
products from various industries.
45.12: Continue to encourage the research, development, and implementation of
advanced technologies and processes.
45.13: Promote Hawaiʻi Island as a center for natural scientific research.
45.14: County departments should integrate economic development, equity, and
sustainability outcomes into their annual goals and reports to the Mayor.
Objective 46: Increase access to land for active food production.
Policies:
46.1: Support urban agriculture uses including on-site home occupation sales.
46.2: Support innovative agriculture demonstration projects.
46.3: Assist in the expansion of the agricultural industry through the efficient use of
productive agricultural lands, capital improvements, and continued cooperation with
appropriate state and federal agencies.
46.4: Assist in the promotion of Hawaiʻi Island branding and labeling for local produce,
meat and fish, dairy, and other agricultural products.
46.5: Collaborate across County departments to engage in food systems planning,
including the elimination of food deserts.
46.6: Assist in cooperative marketing and distribution endeavors to expand opportunities
for local agricultural products for the local market as well as for exports.
46.7: Explore opportunities and methods to utilize local materials and by-products from
agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, silviculture, and aquaculture.
46.8: Support the research and development of the agriculture technology industry in
collaboration with agriculture applications to optimize production.
46.9: Support regenerative agricultural practices and the restoration of traditional
ecological knowledge and practices that offer multiple benefits, such as improving
agriculture and food system waste management to reduce County greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and rotational grazing to improve soil health and sequester GHG.
46.10: Support the development of private, county, and state agricultural parks to make
land available and distributed equitably and proximate to infrastructure and housing.
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46.11: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders for programs, training, and building community capacity in the promotion of
the agricultural industry.
46.12: Increase public-private partnerships to develop and support community-based food
systems.
46.13: Support the development of agricultural worker housing.
Objective 47: Increase interagency coordination, programs, and policy initiatives that improve
local agriculture infrastructure.
Policies:
47.1: Support the creation of water cooperatives supported with financial sources, such
as community facilities districts (CFD). Cooperative users should be responsible for the
development, maintenance, and repair of agricultural non-potable water systems.
47.2: Where the County has replaced surface water sources with groundwater sources to
meet Safe Drinking Water standards, the County should consider repurposing the surface
water sources for agricultural use where the allocation is supportive of the ecosystem.
47.3: Advocate for more flexible and innovative wastewater systems to serve agriculture
facilities.
47.4: Support the adaptive reuse or rehabilitation of existing infrastructure or buildings for
agricultural processing, including but not limited to the development of commercial
kitchens, processing, storage, or distribution facilities.
47.5: Promote the development of a locally grown building material industry through
streamlined permitting or building code flexibility.
47.6: Support research and development that promotes local produce while removing
interstate marketing restrictions.
47.7: Encourage the use and optimization of the export capacity of airports and harbors
for local goods.
47.8: Support research and development of viable biofuel projects that will supply
renewable transportation fuels or power for Hawaiʻi Island in ways that are community-
supported, sustainable, ecologically sound, and complementary to food production.
47.9: Support the continued operation of the USDA Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin
Agricultural Research Center facility.
47.10: Support the development of processing and manufacturing facilities.
Objective 48: Support the visitor industry investment in its connection with communities, the
ʻāina, and our historic and multicultural heritage.
Policies:
48.1: Continue to monitor and adopt trends and standards for regenerative tourism.
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48.2: Identify partnerships and resources with the visitor industry to ensure balance with
the social, physical, and economic goals of the County.
48.3: Prioritize the maintenance of County properties and establish appropriate protocols
for the protection of wahi pana.
48.4: Ensure and expand equitable access to interpretive information about wahi pana.
48.5: Support the coordination, collaboration, and improvement of public transportation
services as well as eco-friendly options.
48.6: Support the coordination, collaboration, and improvement of public access to natural
and cultural resources with State agencies and landowners while balancing the need for
protection of these areas.
48.7: Support partnerships to evaluate visitor industry impacts, develop mitigation
strategies, and incorporate educational programs on Native Hawaiian and community-
based pono practices.
Objective 49: Increase authentic Hawaiʻi Island visitor experiences.
Policies:
49.1: Integrate ʻāina- place-based values into Hawaiʻi Island’s identity.
49.2: Strengthen the accessibility of creative industries and Hawaiʻi Island-made products
such as fashion, food, and the arts to the visitor industry.
49.3: Sustain a visitor industry that promotes small business development.
49.4: Encourage agricultural, educational, and ecological tourism as regional
opportunities.
49.5: Strategically guide regenerative tourism efforts that promote a high quality of life for
residents.
49.6: Collaboratively create initiatives and improve existing efforts to provide social
benefits through transportation, community assets, and housing.
49.7: Support the promotion and development of community-based programs, festivals,
and events that celebrate our communities.
49.8: Support and facilitate dialogue among community groups, visitor and tour operators,
and industry leaders to ensure ʻāina- and place-based values are respected and
maintained.
N. TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CIRCULATION
The draft addresses transportation and traffic circulation by focusing on improving mass transit
and multimodal transportation, enhancing pedestrian and bike safety, and enhancing community
connectivity. The Transportation Access and Mobility section (Section 4.2) primarily discusses the
transportation and traffic circulation strategies of the plan. Key themes include:
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• Mass Transit Prioritization: The plan promotes expanding and improving mass transit
systems to reduce traffic congestion and provide residents with efficient alternatives to
driving. Investments in bus systems and transit hubs are prioritized to connect
communities, reduce car dependency, and support environmentally friendly
transportation.
• Pedestrian and Bike Safety: Safety for pedestrians and cyclists is a key focus, with the
plan encouraging the development of dedicated bike lanes, sidewalks, and pedestrian-
friendly infrastructure. This aligns with the county's goal to promote active living and
reduce traffic-related accidents.
• Ingress and Egress from Residential Developments: The plan stresses the importance of
ensuring adequate ingress and egress in residential areas to improve traffic flow and
accessibility. This is especially important for new developments and expanding
communities, where connectivity to major roads must be carefully planned. Character
guidelines are found within the Land Use section to guide access considerations within
various community development types.
• Community Connectivity: Enhanced community connectivity is encouraged by creating
better links between neighborhoods, public spaces, and transit systems. The plan
supports the development of complete streets, designed to serve all modes of
transportation, including cars, buses, bicycles, and pedestrians, to foster more connected
and accessible communities.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 11: Increase equitable planning and decision-making processes.
Policies:
11.1: Ensure there is necessary and adequate on-site infrastructure for development
projects may include but not limited to water, wastewater, and multimodal infrastructure.
11.2: Ensure affordable housing requirements that meet the demand created by the
development.
11.3: The County may impose incremental and conditional zoning based on performance
conditions that focus on addressing the impacts of the proposed development.
11.4: Concurrency reviews should incorporate reduction in vehicle miles traveled to
mitigate traffic impacts and achieve sustainability and demand management goals.
Objective 16: Achieve a transportation system that is consistent with and will accommodate
planned growth.
Policies:
16.1: Encourage transportation systems that serve to accommodate the present and
future development needs of communities.
16.2: Encourage safe and convenient use of low-cost, energy-efficient, non-polluting
means of transportation.
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16.3: Encourage the diversification of transportation modes and infrastructure to promote
alternate fuels and energy efficiency.
16.4: Transportation and land use planning shall be integrated to optimize the use,
efficiency, and accessibility of existing mass transportation systems and future demand.
16.5: Establish a framework of transportation facilities that will influence desired land use
and promote multimodal options.
16.6: Provide for present traffic and future demands, including the development of mass
transit programs for high-growth areas by both the private and public sectors.
16.7: Implement procedures for County departments to collaborate on defining short- and
long-term transportation CIP projects in terms of scope, timing, proposed funding, and
project performance measures required to optimally achieve transportation ambitions
stated in County plans, standards, and laws.
16.8: Prioritize CIP investments consistent with General Plan goals and objectives with
consideration for multimodal transportation demands, walking and cycling infrastructure,
and safety features for our most vulnerable roadway users, for all roadway repaving,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
16.9: Support the design of all transportation facilities, including airports, harbors, and
mass transit stations, to reflect local and/or Hawaiian architecture.
16.10: Identify and evaluate transportation strategies to address energy and climate
issues.
16.11: Prioritize public and private transportation investments to expand the multimodal
transportation system.
16.12: Require new developments to contribute their pro rata share of local and regional
infrastructure costs.
16.13: There shall be coordinated planning of transportation systems for the funding of
projects in areas of anticipated growth and to meet program goals of other elements such
as historic, recreational, environmental quality, and land use.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Policies:
17.1: Ensure Native Hawaiian access rights are clearly expressed in County code,
policies, and procedures.
17.2: Programmatically support the open space network concept with a methodology that
includes criteria for establishing County department and other agency responsibilities,
mapping requirements, financing strategies for implementation and maintenance, and
standards for facilities that enhance the community experience.
17.3: Prior to disposing of, leasing, or transferring public lands through County Property
Management procedures, the County shall assess, document, and protect access to
existing active living corridors that are located on County-owned parcels.
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17.4: Land use applications shall identify as early as possible any existing or potential
active living corridors that should be incorporated into the County’s open space network.
17.5: Ensure that existing active living corridors that are publicly owned or available by
easement are properly identified and that their access elements are secured and
documented.
a) Primary examples include but are not limited to historic trails and roads, roads-in-
limbo, ‘paper roads’, former sugar cane roads, train infrastructure remnants (Rails to
Trails), and pedestrian and bicycling paths.
b) “Acceptance” by the County of the responsibilities detailed in the grant of easements
should require County Council action and a dedicated funding source.
17.6: Provide public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
17.7: Establish public access to historic and modern active living corridors and facilities
that provide an island-wide route and connect to major destinations.
Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.1: Ensure transit routes connect with other modes of active transportation consistent
with the County Street Design Manual.
18.2: Provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people with
disabilities.
18.3: Maximize regular and paratransit service to the following:
a) Town centers, commercial districts, and employment centers.
b) Airports and cruise ship terminals.
c) University and adult education centers.
d) Accommodate school schedules such as after-school activities and sports.
18.4: Bus maintenance facilities should be developed at or near appropriate transit hubs.
18.5: Adopt hub and spoke system including alternative first and last mile or door-to-door
services.
18.6: Transit infrastructure (e.g., bus stops, bus pullouts, waiting benches and shelters, and signs) shall be adequate and upgraded along existing and future transit routes.
18.7: Data shall be collected and analyzed to optimize mass transit planning, operation,
and overall performance.
18.8: Improve and expand public transportation in communities with the highest
socioeconomic needs.
18.9: The County’s public transit system assets shall be available to assist in
transportation in emergency situations.
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Objective 19: Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
Policies:
19.1: Encourage collaboration between the Planning Department, the Department of
Public Works, the Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Mass Transit Agency to
define the scope and priority of capital investment projects that achieve active
transportation objectives and goals.
19.2: Increase arterial capacity through prioritization of alternative means of
transportation, such as mass transit, bicycle, and pedestrian systems.
19.3: Incorporate bicycle routes, lanes, and paths within road rights-of-way.
19.4: Increase mobility for minors, non-licensed adults, low-income, elderly, and people
with mobility limitations through prioritization of alternative means of transportation.
19.5: Roadway designs and improvements made by the Department of Public Works shall
accommodate pedestrian-friendly, multimodal design, and on-street parking evaluations,
to the fullest extent possible.
19.6: Use traffic demand management to aid in reducing traffic congestion by targeting an
increase of active transportation mode share to 10 percent (bicycling, walking, micro-
mobility).
19.7: Concurrency reviews should incorporate reduction in vehicle miles traveled to
mitigate traffic impacts (e.g. the level of service) and achieve sustainability and demand
management goals.
Objective 20: Achieve a transportation system that employs all modes of transportation at a
community scale.
Policies:
20.1: Encourage the application of the County of Hawaiʻi Street Design Manual when
necessary to preserve the character of an area while maintaining a pedestrian and bicycle
friendly design and desired landscaping solutions.
20.2: In planning, designing, and constructing new roadways or modernizing
improvements, transportation agencies should balance the conservation of the area’s
natural, historic, and scenic qualities with transportation safety objectives for traffic speed,
safety, and traffic calming.
20.3: Support and provide technical assistance to assist in the development of road
improvement districts to finance road improvements.
20.4: Preserve the unique character of an area by allowing flexibility in existing roadway
improvements and maintenance while seeking a pedestrian-friendly design and desired
landscaping solutions.
20.5: Incentivize subdivision roadway connectivity.
20.6: A corridor planning/management program shall be maintained to help prioritize
various active transportation projects.
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Objective 22: Increase transportation safety for transportation’s most vulnerable users and
reduce traffic fatalities.
Policies:
22.1: Human life and public health are prioritized within all aspects of the transportation
system.
22.2: Safety solutions should be prioritized in areas with the most vulnerable populations.
22.3: Engage communities in defining issues and developing solutions for their
community, with a particular focus on prioritizing disadvantaged and vulnerable
populations.
22.4: Prioritize interdepartmental coordination and accountability of traffic safety through
education, enforcement, engineering, encouragement, and evaluation. Focus on policies,
practices, staffing, and programs to improve road and pedestrian safety.
22.5: Incorporate traffic-calming features into arterial road and street designs to include
vertical deflections, horizontal shifts, roadway narrowing, and closures to reduce speeding
and increase safety. These may include techniques such as roundabouts, median
barriers, speed humps, raised intersections, and other transportation industry practices.
22.6: Commit to an equitable approach and outcomes, including prioritizing engagement
and investments in traditionally under-served communities and adopting equitable traffic
enforcement practices.
22.7: Develop roadway standards to accommodate emerging technology for connected
and automated vehicles.
22.8: Maintain dedicated roadway standards that are appropriate to roadway type and
achieve active transportation and safety goals.
22.9: Engage and collaborate with the owners of private roads and local community
groups to help identify and develop road management agreements that mitigate road closures to provide emergency evacuation routes.
Objective 23: Adequately maintain public transportation systems.
Policies:
23.1: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans for
pavement, bridges, and other road infrastructure to prolong the life of our transportation
system as well as reduce its whole-life cost.
23.2: Maintain the unique features of historic bridges, while balancing safety needs and
preserving historic and scenic character.
23.3: Prioritize the replacement of deficient and inadequate bridges and maintain
pedestrian/bicycle access across bridges.
23.4: Design new bridges and bridge improvements to accommodate and not negatively
impede identified scenic resources.
Page 126Resolution 257-15
23.5: Evaluate freight routes identified in the State Freight Master Plan for required
improvements to meet roadway standards.
23.6: Encourage the adoption of innovative materials and methods that improve roadway
sustainability and resilience.
O. WATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY, WASTE WATER SERVICES, AND SOLID WASTE
SERVICES
The draft plan takes a comprehensive approach to addressing water availability and quality,
wastewater services, and solid waste management by focusing on sustainability and resource
conservation. One Water is primarily addressed in the Sustainable Development and Resilient
Communities chapter (Chapter 4), Public Utilities section (Section 4.3). One Water is a holistic
strategy that considers and integrates all water sources, including surface water, groundwater,
wastewater, and stormwater as interconnected and valuable. By addressing the following key
themes, the plan aims to balance growth with the protection of vital water resources and waste
services.
• Water Availability and Quality: The plan prioritizes ensuring sufficient potable water for
residents, with a focus on protecting and enhancing the quality of water sources. It
includes strategies to prevent the depletion of water resources through better
management practices, including catchment water systems, improved water storage, and
promoting the use of water for agricultural purposes. The county also coordinates closely
with state agencies to align water resource management efforts.
• Wastewater Systems and Contamination Prevention: The plan emphasizes upgrading and
expanding wastewater systems to ensure they meet environmental standards and prevent
contamination of water sources. This includes investments in modern wastewater
infrastructure to reduce leaks and overflows, minimizing the risk of contamination of
ground and surface water.
• Integrated Solid Waste Management: The plan supports the county's commitment to zero
waste, promoting recycling, waste reduction, and responsible disposal methods. The
document outlines partnerships with private and public entities to enhance solid waste
services and improve recycling programs. It encourages community participation in waste
management practices to reduce the environmental impact.
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions:
Objective 25: Improve the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of essential infrastructure
systems.
Policies:
25.1: Public utility facilities shall be designed at a scale that meets the needs of future
development.
25.2: Provide utilities and service facilities that minimize total cost to the public and
effectively serve the needs of the community.
25.3: Utility facilities shall be designed to complement adjacent land uses and minimize
pollution or disturbance of the natural environment and natural resources.
Page 127Resolution 257-15
25.4: Improvement of existing utility services shall be encouraged to meet the needs of
users.
25.5: Encourage the clustering of developments to reduce the cost of providing utilities.
25.6: Develop short- and long-range capital improvements programs and plans for public
utilities within its jurisdiction that are consistent with the General Plan.
25.7: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans to
prolong the life of our utilities as well as reduce whole-life costs.
Objective 26: Increase the protection of existing and potential sources of drinking water.
Policies:
26.1: All public water systems shall be designed and built to the DWS dedication
standards. All other systems shall meet all relevant health and safety regulations and be
designed and constructed by a licensed engineer.
26.2: Water sources shall be protected to prevent depletion and contamination from
natural and manmade occurrences or events.
26.3: An effort by County, State, and private interests shall be coordinated to identify
sources of additional water supply to be implemented and ensure the development of
sufficient quantities of water for existing and future needs of high-growth areas and
agricultural production.
26.4: Installation or rehabilitation of water distributions shall be sized to adequately meet
fire protection.
26.5: Ensure the highest quality of water is reserved for the most valuable end-use.
26.6: Encourage the design of large development projects (200+ units) in the North
Kohala, South Kohala, North Kona, South Kona, and Kaʻū Districts to be as water neutral
as reasonably possible through water conservation, recharge, and reuse measures to
reduce the water footprint.
26.7: Promote best practices in sustainable water collection and use for private water
systems.
26.8: Water system improvements, including exploratory wells, shall correlate with the
County's desired land use development pattern.
26.9: The DWS shall prioritize infill development and focus source development to serve
designated Urban Growth Areas.
26.10: Water demand projections shall include all consumptive and non-consumptive
demands.
26.11: The DWS and the Planning Department shall coordinate priorities before the
adoption of any new water development or County land use plans.
26.12: All County potable water systems should have backup standby sources.
Page 128Resolution 257-15
One Water
26.13: Treat all water as a valuable resource in community design, and integrate designs
for drinking water, stormwater, and recreational water needs.
26.14: Manage water, stormwater, and wastewater as the same natural resource in
collaboration with the DWS, DEM, DPW, and DOH.
26.15: New developments should be designed to reduce water demand, retain runoff,
decrease flooding, and recharge groundwater.
26.16: Support localized, small-scale solutions to water reuse and on-site systems.
Objective 27: Planned and developed municipal sewer capacity is expanded to serve our
Urban Growth Areas and reduce sewage-related impacts on water quality.
Policies:
27.1: A Sewerage Study for All Urban Areas, including appropriate water quality
management strategies, shall be completed and used as guides for the general planning
of sewerage disposal systems.
27.2: Private treatment systems shall be installed by land developers for major resorts and
other developments along shorelines and sensitive higher inland areas, except where
connection to nearby treatment facilities is feasible and compatible with the County’s long-
range plans, and in conformance with State and County requirements.
27.3: Immediate steps shall be taken to designate treatment plant sites, sewerage pump
station sites, and sewer easements according to the facility plans to facilitate their
acquisition.
27.4: The County shall obtain State and Federal funds to finance the construction of
proposed sewer systems and improve existing systems.
27.5: Plans for wastewater reclamation and reuse for irrigation and biosolids composting
(remaining solids from the treatment of wastewater are processed into a reusable organic
material) shall be utilized where topographically feasible and needed for landscaping,
agricultural purposes, or fire protection.
Wastewater and Environmental Quality Prioritization
27.6: Pollution shall be prevented, abated, and controlled at levels that will protect and
preserve public health and well-being through the enforcement of appropriate Federal,
State, and County standards.
27.7: Ensure municipal wastewater systems serve designated Urban Growth Areas (UGA)
with the capacity to accommodate projected population growth.
27.8: The Department of Environmental Management and the Planning Department shall
coordinate priorities before the adoption of any new wastewater development or land use
plans.
Page 129Resolution 257-15
27.9: Prioritize developing a multipronged approach to wastewater infrastructure funding,
including proactively seeking grant funding for wastewater system expansion,
improvements, and new development.
27.10: Ensure wastewater fees reflect actual costs for service, maintenance, and future
improvements.
27.11: Ensure that wastewater systems and improvements are designed and functioning
to maximize system efficiencies, prevent accidental leaks or spills, and provide sanitary,
reliable wastewater treatment that is not negatively impacting natural resources.
One Water-Recycled Water Expansion
27.12: Strive for an integrated approach to stormwater and wastewater, and water
resource management that is comprehensive and as efficient as possible.
27.13: Encourage on-site water reuse solutions for large developments.
27.14: Encourage and incentivize the collection of rainfall for non-potable use.
27.15: Prioritize the use of gray water in areas connected to County water and not
connected to County wastewater.
Objective 28: Increase green infrastructure practices.
Policies:
28.1: Design to collect stormwater from streets, sidewalks, and other hard surfaces before
it can enter the sewer system or cause local flooding; reduce the amount of stormwater
that flows into the Sewer System.
28.2: Control stormwater by using it as a resource rather than a waste.
28.3: The “Drainage Master Plan for the County of Hawaiʻi” should be updated every 20
years for urban centers to incorporate new studies and reflect newly identified priorities.
28.4: Encourage vegetated shoulder and swale roadside design where climate and grade
are conducive.
28.5: Where applicable, natural drainage patterns shall be improved/restored to increase
their capacity with special consideration for the practices of proper soil conservation, and
grassland and forestry management.
28.6: Implement nature-based solutions that manage stormwater on-site to reduce the
burden on the storm sewer system and reduce flooding.
28.7: Prioritize drainage and flood studies for high-risk urban areas within the Urban
Growth Area.
28.8: Drainage standards shall incorporate cumulative upslope development patterns.
Page 130Resolution 257-15
Storm Water Management
28.9: Develop an island-wide stormwater management program compatible with the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm
Sewer System (MS4) Phase II program.
28.10: The County shall ensure sites are planned, designed, and developed to:
a) Protect, restore, or mimic the natural water cycle within built environments by
retaining, detaining, and/or treating stormwater runoff.
b) Mitigate direct impacts of the land development process through the use of green
infrastructure or low-impact site planning techniques.
c) Protect areas that provide important water quality benefits and/or are particularly
susceptible to erosion and sediment loss.
d) Optimize the integration of the existing landscape into green infrastructure solutions.
e) Manage post-construction stormwater runoff rates, through the use of green
infrastructure or low-impact development stormwater management practices.
28.11: The County shall ensure that golf course developments develop and implement
grading and site preparation plans to:
a) Develop nutrient management guidelines appropriate to Hawai‘i for qualified
superintendents to implement so that nutrients are applied at rates necessary to
establish and maintain vegetation without causing leaching into ground and surface
waters.
b) Develop and implement an integrated pest management plan. Follow EPA
guidelines for the proper storage and disposal of pesticides.
c) Develop and implement irrigation management practices to match the water needs
of the turf.
28.12: The County shall minimize impervious areas on County property, development
sites, and parking areas and promote the use of permeable surfaces and landscaped
areas in project designs including:
a) Porous materials
b) Natural drainage
c) Filtration pits
d) Infiltration basins, vegetated bioswales, permeable/porous paving
4. Retain Chapters 15 and 16 of the 2005 General Plan as the final Chapters in the Revised
General Plan;
Chapter 6 of the Draft General Plan incorporates key elements from the 2005 General Plan
regarding implementation and amendment procedures. The final draft emphasizes a
comprehensive review process that ensures the plan remains dynamic and relevant. This
Page 131Resolution 257-15
includes regular updates, community engagement, and a system of functional plans and
regulations to implement policies.
5. Place the 2005 General Plan Sections 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8, as appropriately updated, in the
Appendices to the Revised General Plan;
2005 General Plan Sections 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 are not included in the final draft.
6. Place all statistical analysis and background research in the Appendices to the Revised
General Plan appendices; and
Statistical analysis and background research for the General Plan are currently in the Planning
Department’s Public Documents in Laserfiche:
https://records.hawaiicounty.gov/Weblink/1/fol/134446/Row1.aspx
7. Place the Strategies and Action Plan Sections in a separate Chapter or in the
Appendices to the Revised General Plan as the Planning Director deems appropriate.
The Implementation Table (Section 6.4.4), Tables 53-61 include all implementation actions
organized by section of the General Plan. This table also contains the lead agency responsible
for implementation as well as the type of action (i.e., program, project, interagency
coordination, code amendment).
Page 132Resolution 257-15
COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
RESOLUTION NO. 258 15
RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE COUNTY OF HAWAII
GENERAL PLAN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW PROCESS, RELATING TO ROADWAY ACCESS IN
THE DISTRICT OF KA`U DURING TIMES OF FLOODING.
WHEREAS, the Hawaii County Planning Director initiated a comprehensive review of the
County of Hawaii General Plan on February 6, 2015; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to section 16.1(3) of the General Plan, the Planning Director
established June 6, 2015 as the deadline for Council initiated amendments to the Plan during the
comprehensive review process; and
WHEREAS, in consideration of the Council Planning Committee's request to postpone this
deadline, the Planning Director postponed the deadline for Council initiated amendments until
September 8, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Council submits this resolution in response to the Planning Director's
invitation to submit amendments to the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, during times of heavy rainfall, flooding along the Hawaii Belt Road in the
Ka`u District still occurs whereby streams in the area often exceed the capacity of existing
bridges and culverts and flood the roadway resulting in temporary closure ofthe Hawaii Belt
Road; and
WHEREAS, such road closures severely impair access to this district from surrounding
areas and to essential services and shelters; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII that the
Planning Director consider the following proposal during the Director's review and analysis of
suggestions offered during this initial phase of the comprehensive review process and ultimately
incorporate them as possible, into the final proposed amendments to the Hawaii County General
Plan in the following section:
5. Flooding and Other Natural Hazards.
In the District of Ka`u Courses of Action (presently found in sec. 5.5.9.2),
amend sec. 5. 5.9.2(c) as follows:
c) Investigate potential solutions to prevent the closure of the Hawaii Belt Road due
to flooding, including improving, acquiring, and maintaining alternate routes."
Page 133Resolution 258-15
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall transmit a copy of this
resolution to Hawaii County Planning Director, Duane Kanuha.
Dated at Hilo , Hawai`i, this 2nd day of September 2015.
INTRODUCED BY:
411111j11111111111111111111Amow TOP
CO v ' r TY OF HAWAII
COUNTY COUNCIL ROLL CALL VOTE
County of Hawai`i AYES NOES ABS EX
Hilo, Hawai`i CHUNG X
DAVID X
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was by EOFF XthevoteindicatedtotherighthereofadoptedbytheCOUNCILofthe
ILAGAN XCountyofHawai`i on September 2, 2015
KANUHA X
ONISHI X
ATTEST: PALEKA X
POINDEXTER X
WILLS Xd.t., .. . ` 9 0 0 0
K.,,,_______,.Reference: C-431/Waived PC
JNTY CLERK CHAIRPERSON& PRESIDING OFFICER RESOLUTION NO. 258 15
2 Page 134Resolution 258-15
Resolution No. 258-15
The Draft General Plan addresses flooding and hazard preparedness through various sections of
the document.
Climate change and infrastructure impacts are addressed in Chapter 3 of the Draft General Plan.
This chapter acknowledges that numerous County roads, bridges, and structures are exposed to
severe rainfall events and compounding hazards. The Draft General Plan identifies that sea level
rise impacts critical infrastructure including hazard materials and waste storage facilities,
wastewater treatment facilities, and transportation, communication, energy, safety, and security
systems.
The Draft expands on strategies to increase resilience, indicating a comprehensive approach to
infrastructure resilience in various sections of the document including Transportation Access and
Mobility (Section 4.2), Public Utilities (Section 4.3), and Public Facilities and Services (Section
4.4).
Listed below are supporting objectives, policies, and actions that address the need to investigate
solutions to prevent the closure of major roadways in the event of flooding and other hazards.
Objective 8: Improve the identification of climate change threats, assessment of potential
consequences, and evaluation of adaptation options.
Policy:
8.9: Design and maintain infrastructure, including roads, buildings, and stream crossings, to
accommodate increases in flooding and geologic hazards such as landslides.
Objective 17: Increase transportation connectivity.
Action:
17.b: Explore the potential of multimodal trails to serve as evacuation routes during
emergencies.
Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50 percent by 2045.
Policies:
18.8: Improve and expand public transportation in communities with the highest
socioeconomic needs.
18.9: The County’s public transit system assets shall be available to assist in transportation
in emergency situations.
Objective 20: Achieve a transportation system that employs all modes of transportation at a
community scale.
Policies:
20.3: Support and provide technical assistance to assist in the development of road
improvement districts to finance road improvements.
Page 135Resolution 258-15
20.4: Preserve the unique character of an area by allowing flexibility in existing roadway
improvements and maintenance while seeking a pedestrian-friendly design and desired
landscaping solutions.
Actions:
20.d: Designate new connectivity points for local traffic roads and create redundant routes for
existing highways, utilizing existing routes where possible, that can also serve as emergency
and evacuation routes.
20.f: Explore options to incentivize roadway connectivity.
Objective 21: Incorporate green infrastructure to reduce stormwater runoff.
Policies:
21.1: Incorporate low-impact development (LID), green infrastructure strategies, and pollution
prevention procedures to address drainage in roadway design and update operation and
maintenance methods to retain integrity of these solutions.
21.2: Prioritize roadway drainage improvements in flood-prone areas.
21.5: At a minimum, the County shall plan, site, and develop roads, bridges, and highways to:
a) Protect areas that provide important water quality benefits or are particularly
susceptible to erosion or sediment loss;
b) Limit land disturbance such as clearing, grading, and cut and fill to reduce erosion and
sediment loss; and
c) Limit disturbance of natural drainage features and vegetation, including mitigating
impacts of stream crossings.
Objective 22: Increase transportation safety for transportation’s most vulnerable users and reduce
traffic fatalities.
Policies:
22.1: Human life and public health are prioritized within all aspects of the transportation
system.
22.2: Safety solutions should be prioritized in areas with the most vulnerable populations.
22.3: Engage communities in defining issues and developing solutions for their community, with a particular focus on prioritizing disadvantaged and vulnerable populations.
22.9: Engage and collaborate with the owners of private roads and local community groups
to help identify and develop road management agreements that mitigate road closures to
provide emergency evacuation routes.
Objective 23: Adequately maintain public transportation systems.
Page 136Resolution 258-15
Policies:
23.1: Maintain an Asset Management Program aimed at utilizing maintenance plans for
pavement, bridges, and other road infrastructure to prolong the life of our transportation
system as well as reduce its whole-life cost.
23.6: Encourage the adoption of innovative materials and methods that improve roadway
sustainability and resilience.
Objective 28: Increase green infrastructure practices.
Policies:
28.4: Encourage vegetated shoulder and swale roadside design where climate and grade are
conducive.
28.5: Where applicable, natural drainage patterns shall be improved/restored to increase their
capacity with special consideration for the practices of proper soil conservation, and grassland
and forestry management.
28.6: Implement nature-based solutions that manage stormwater on-site to reduce the burden
on the storm sewer system and reduce flooding.
28.7: Prioritize drainage and flood studies for high-risk urban areas within the Urban Growth
Area.
Objective 32: Protect the health and well-being of residents and visitors.
Policy:
32.29: Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other
stakeholders to assess and plan for alternative routes and possible relocation of coastal roads.
Actions:
32.h: Establish, map, and maintain alternative and emergency evacuation routes in each high-
risk hazard area.
32.i: Monitor and address known hazards along transportation routes.
32.k: Develop and/or improve secondary access roads for those communities with only one
means of ingress/egress.
32.n: Provide technical assistance to communities developing emergency response and
evacuation plans.
32.q: Seek funding and support continued scientific research relating to hazards (e.g.,
research on erosion rates, slumping rates, slope stability studies, sea level rise rates, tsunami
inundation mapping, coastal stream flood mapping, etc.).
32.s: Develop community-specific hazard mitigation plans.
Page 137Resolution 258-15