HomeMy WebLinkAbout2023_08_Pohoiki_Rd_and_Hwy_137_Road_Repair_and_Water_Line_Installation-Draft_Environmental_Assessment
1 Introduction
Table 1. Proposed Project Components and Improvements
Section Location Description (Coordinates)
Length of Road Improvements
Length of Water Line Installation
Proposed Improvements
Section Location Description (Coordinates)
Length of Road Improvements
Length of Water Line Installation
Proposed Improvements
2 Purpose of and Need for Action
3 Alternatives
3.1 No Action Alternative
3.2 Proposed Action
3.2.1 Project Location
3.2.2 Realign and Reconstruct Roads (Subapplicant: DPW)
3.2.3 Install Water Lines (Subapplicant: DWS)
3.2.4 Construction
Right-of-Way Acquisition
Construction Staging and Access
Construction Methods
Schedule and Project Duration
3.2.5 Maintenance
3.3 Additional Action Alternatives Considered and Dismissed
4 Affected Environment, Potential Impacts, and Mitigation
Table 2. Evaluation Criteria for Potential Impacts
Impact Scale Criteria
4.1 Resources Not Affected and Not Considered Further
Table 3. Resources Eliminated from Further Consideration
Resource Topic Reason for Elimination
4.2 Geology, Topography, and Soils
4.2.1 No Action Alternative
4.2.2 Proposed Action
4.3 Visual Quality and Aesthetics
4.3.1 No Action Alternative
4.3.2 Proposed Action
4.4 Air Quality and Climate
4.4.1 No Action Alternative
4.4.2 Proposed Action
4.5 Surface Waters and Water Quality
4.5.1 No Action Alternative
4.5.2 Proposed Action
4.6 Coastal Resources
4.6.1 No Action Alternative
4.6.2 Proposed Action
4.7 Wetlands
4.7.1 No Action Alternative
4.7.2 Proposed Action
4.8 Floodplains
4.8.1 No Action Alternative
4.8.2 Proposed Action
4.9 Vegetation
Table 4. Vegetation Types in the Project Action Area
Vegetation Category Vegetation Type Area (acres)
4.9.1 Invasive Species
4.9.2 No Action Alternative
4.9.3 Proposed Action
4.10 Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife
4.10.1 Invasive Species
4.10.2 No Action Alternative
4.10.3 Proposed Action
4.11 Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitat
Table 5. Federally Listed Species Identified by USFWS as Potentially Present in the Project Area
Common Name Scientific Name Status (ESA) Impact
Determination
Lasiurus cinereus semotus
Pterodroma sandwicensis
Oceanodroma castro
Puffinus auricularis newelli
Branta sandvicensis
Himantopus mexicanus knudseni
Fulica alai
Common Name Scientific Name Status (ESA) Impact
Determination
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys imbricata
Manduca blackburni
Ischaemum byrone
Cyrtandra nanawaleensis
Gardenia remyi
Cyanea platyphylla
4.11.1 No Action Alternative
4.11.2 Proposed Action
Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)
Goose (Branta sandvicensis)
o
o
o
Waterbirds other than the
Seabirds
Sea Turtles
Blackburn’s Sphinx Moth (Manduca blackburni)
Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone)
Haiwale (Cyrtandra nanawaleensis)
Nanu (Gardenia remyi)
aku aku (Cyanea platyphylla)
4.12 Cultural Resources
4.12.1 Historical Context
4.12.2 Prior Surveys
Table 6. Previous Cultural Resources Investigations in and near the Project Area
Author and Date Investigation
4.12.3 Existing Conditions
Table 7. Newly Recorded Cultural Resources, Significance, and Treatment Recommendations
SIHP Site Number / Temporary Site Number Resource Type Temporal Affiliation Significance Treatment Recommendation
SIHP Site Number / Temporary Site Number Resource Type Temporal Affiliation Significance Treatment Recommendation
4.12.4 Consultations with Native Hawaiian Organizations and Lineal Descendants
4.12.5 Consultation with the State Historic Preservation Division
4.12.6 No Action Alternative
4.12.7 Proposed Action
4.13 Environmental Justice
4.13.1 Minority Populations
4.13.2 Low-Income Populations
4.13.3 No Action Alternative
4.13.4 Proposed Action
4.14 Hazardous Materials
4.14.1 No Action Alternative
4.14.2 Proposed Action
4.15 Noise
4.15.1 No Action Alternative
4.15.2 Proposed Action
4.16 Transportation
4.16.1 No Action Alternative
4.16.2 Proposed Action
4.17 Utilities
4.17.1 No Action Alternative
4.17.2 Proposed Action
4.18 Public Health and Safety
4.18.1 No Action Alternative
4.18.2 Proposed Action
4.19 Land Use and Zoning
4.19.1 No Action Alternative
4.19.2 Proposed Action
4.20 Summary of Effects and Mitigation
Table 8. Summary of Effects and Mitigation
Affected Resource Area Impacts Agency Coordination or Permits Mitigation and BMPs
Affected Resource Area Impacts Agency Coordination or Permits Mitigation and BMPs
Affected Resource Area Impacts Agency Coordination or Permits Mitigation and BMPs
Affected Resource Area Impacts Agency Coordination or Permits Mitigation and BMPs
Affected Resource Area Impacts Agency Coordination or Permits Mitigation and BMPs
5 Cumulative Impacts
6 Agency Coordination, Public Involvement, and Permits
6.1 Agency Coordination
6.2 Public Participation
6.2.1 Previous Public Engagement
6.2.2 NEPA Public Involvement Process
6.3 Permits
7 List of Preparers
Preparers Experience and Expertise Role in Preparation
FEMA
Reviewers Role in Preparation
8 References
Figure 1. Project Area and Location
Figure 2. Halema East Rift Zone, Leilani Estates, and Lava Cover
Figure 3. Lava Fissure Locations, Buildings Affected by Lava, Lava Cover, Damaged Roads, and Damaged Water Lines
Figure 4. Lava Thickness from 2018 Eruption
Figure 5a. Detailed Project Area Maps Showing Project Components and Proposed Improvements
Figure b. Detailed Project Area Maps Showing Project Components and Proposed Improvements
Figure c. Detailed Project Area Maps Showing Project Components and Proposed Improvements
Figure 6. Typical Cross-Section for Roadwork
Figure 7. Typical Section for Water Line Installation
Figure 8. Typical Section for Water Line Installation in V-Shaped Riprap Trench
Figure 9. Construction Sequencing
Figure 10. Action Area for Biological Resources
Figure 11. Land Use within Project Area
Figure 12. Zoning within Project Area
Photo 1. Photo of lava flow in the project area, facing southeast (Ka Wai O Pele [Green Lake] in upper left-hand corner)
Photo 2. Hardened lava near Pohoiki Road, facing northwest
Photo 3. Hardened lava across Highway 137, just north of intersection with Pohoiki Road, facing northeast
Photo 4. Hardened lava across Highway 137 near MacKenzie State Recreation Area, facing northeast (photo shows temporary road rebuilt after 2018 lava flow)
Photo 5. Hardened lava along coastline near the northern portion of Highway 137, facing northeast (photo shows depth of lava at ocean’s edge; palm trees and vehicles on left side of photo provide approximate scale)
Table 1: Summary of Effects Determinations
Lasiurus cinereus semotus
Pterodroma sandwicensis
Oceanodroma castro
Puffinus auricularis newelli
Branta sandvicensis
Himantopus mexicanus knudseni
Fulica alai
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys imbricata
Manduca blackburni
Ischaemum byrone
Realign and Repave Roads (Subapplicant: DPW)
Install Water Lines (Subapplicant: DWS)
Table 2. Vegetation Types in the Project Action Area not Covered by Lava in 2018
Vegetation Type Area (acres) Combined
Table 3. Summary of Species Information
Scientific
Name
Common
Name
Listing
Status
Critical Habitat /
Recovery Plan
General Habitat Nesting or
Lactation Period
/Blooming Period
Potential to Occur in
the Action Area
Lasiurus
cinereus semotus
Potential to Occur:
Pterodroma
sandwichensis
Potential to Occur:
Oceanodroma
castro
Potential to Occur:
Puffinus
auricularis
newelli
Potential to Occur:
Scientific
Name
Common
Name
Listing
Status
Critical Habitat /
Recovery Plan
General Habitat Nesting or
Lactation Period
/Blooming Period
Potential to Occur in
the Action Area
Branta
(=Nesochen)
sandvicensis
Branta sandvicensis
Potential to Occur:
Himantopus mexicanus
knudseni
No Potential to Occur:
Fulica americana alai No Potential to Occur:
Chelonia
mydas
No Potential to Occur:
Scientific
Name
Common
Name
Listing
Status
Critical Habitat /
Recovery Plan
General Habitat Nesting or
Lactation Period
/Blooming Period
Potential to Occur in
the Action Area
Eretmochelys
imbricata
No Potential to Occur:
Manduca
blackburni
No Potential to Occur:
Ischaemum
byrone
Potential to Occur:
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Critical Habitat
Life History
Potential to Occur
Status and Range
Critical Habitat
Life History
Potential to Occur
GEN AMM-1 General Conditions
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
GEN AMM-2 Biosecurity Protocols
o
o
o
o
o
o
GEN BMP-1 Preventing the spread of Little Fire Ants
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
GEN BMP-2 Preventing the spread of Rapid Ohia Death and Rat Lungworm Disease
o
o
o
o
o
GEN BMP-3 Water Quality
GEN BMP-4 Utility Lines
GEN BMP-5 Roads
Hawaiian Hoary Bat
Hawaiian Goose (
o
o
o
Lasiurus cinereus semotus
Pterodroma sandwicensis
Oceanodroma castro
Puffinus auricularis newelli
Branta sandvicensis
Himantopus mexicanus knudseni
Fulica alai
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys imbricata
Manduca blackburni
Ischaemum byrone
Earl Campbell
Page 36
FEMA requests a letter of concurrence from USFWS that the project may affect, but is not likely
to adversely affect, the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) or the (Branta
sandvicensis) and would have no effect on any other ESA-listed species. If you have questions
about the Proposed Action or FEMA’s request, please contact Adam Klatzker at (510) 627-7073
or adam.klatzker@fema.dhs.gov. Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Sincerely,
Kenneth G. Sessa
Acting Regional Environmental Officer
FEMA Region IX
Attachments:
Figures
References
Official Species List Memo
cc: Cara Binger, HI EMA
Douglas Le, County of Hawaii
Figure 1. Project Area and Location
Figure 2. Project Action Area
Figure 3. Construction Staging Areas
Figure 4. Critical Habitat for the Species Evaluated
PACIFIC REGION 1
Idaho, Oregon*, Washington,
i,
Realign and Repave Roads
Install Water Lines
Construction Staging, Access, and Methods
oo
o
o
o
o
o
Kenneth G. Sessa 8
disturbed areas to minimize disturbance to native vegetation outside of the proposed Action
Area. If any of the listed plants are observed during vegetation clearing, workers will stop
clearing the area and notify the project manager who will relay the information to the Service.
Because the recent survey found no listed plants within the proposed project footprint, and the
project description includes the education of workers to avoid harming listed plants during
vegetation, we do not expect federally listed plants would be present or exposed to project-
related activities associated with construction of the proposed project. Therefore, effects to
federally listed plants are discountable.
Summary
Based on the information provided, including the 2022 botanical survey report, implementation
of Service-recommended avoidance and minimization measures, and our assessment of potential
project impacts, we anticipate that the potential for adverse effects to the Hawaiian hoary bat,
Hawaiian goose, Hawaiian waterbirds, Hawaiian seabirds, Blackburn’s sphinx moth, and the
endangered plants Cyrtandra nanawaleensis, Gardenia remyi, Cyanea platyphylla, and
Ischaemum byrone are insignificant or discountable. We concur with your determination that this
project may affect but is not likely to adversely affect these federally listed species. Reinitiation
of consultation is required and shall be requested:
If new information reveals effects of the action that may affect listed species or critical
habitat in a manner or to an extent not previously considered;
If the identified action is subsequently modified in a manner that causes an effect to the
listed species or critical habitat that was not considered in the written concurrence; or,
If a new species is listed or critical habitat designated that may be affected by the
identified actions.
Thank you for protecting federally listed species. If you have any questions, please contact
Carrie Harrington at carrie_harrington@fws.gov or by telephone at 808-792-9400. When
referring to this project, please include this reference number: 2022-0039656-S7-001.
Sincerely,
Lindsy Asman
Island Team Manager
Maui Nui and Island
cc: David Cohen, FEMA
Kenneth Sessa, FEMA
David Herdrich, FEMA
On September 2, 2022, FEMA sent letters to Native Hawaiian Organizations and Interested Parties. The
list of addressees is below.
Mr. Jordan V. Calpito
Burial Council
Mr. Palikapu Dedman
Interested Party
Dr. Sylvia M. Hussey
Ka Pouhana
Chief Executive Officer
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Mr. Keone Kalawe
Interested Party
Mr. Keiki Kekipi
Interested Party
Mr. Kai Markell
Manager
Compliance Enforcement
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Ms. Susan Osborne
Interested Party
Ms. Mililani Trask
Na Koa Ikaika KaLahui Hawaii
Ms. Hannah H. Veloria
Interested Party
Mr. Berkeley Yoshida
Pelekikena
Hawaiian Civic Club Ka’u
On January 31, 2023, FEMA sent letters to Native Hawaiian Organizations:
Ku‘ulei Kealoha Cooper, Trustee
Miulan P. Young Kealoha Trust
Leihulu Emma Cooper Trust
Leila Kealoha
Executive Director
On March 3, 2023, FEMA sent a letter to a representative of the University of Hawaii:
Michael Shibata
Director of Strategic Development and Partnership
An example letter is included in this attachment.
Section Description Length Proposed
Improvements
Upper Pohoiki Road Intersection of Pohoiki Road and
Highway 132 to western end of
Lower Pohoiki Road
12,389 feet
(2.3 miles)
Realign road, repave,
install water line
Leilani Avenue Along Leilani Avenue between
Kahukai Street and Pohoiki Road
1,000 feet
(0.2 mile)
Repave
Lower Pohoiki Road Eastern end of Upper Pohoiki
Road to intersection of Pohoiki
Road and Highway 137
11,096 feet
(2.1 miles)
Realign road, repave,
install water line
Highway 137a (north) Along Highway 137 from Pohoiki
Road to the intersection with
Highway 132 and
Kumukahi/Lighthouse Road
18,000 feet
(3.4 miles)
Realign road, repave,
install water line
Kapoho Beach Road Along road from Highway 137 60 feet
(0.01 mile)
Repave
Moani Street Along road from Highway 137 25 feet
(0.005 mile)
Repave
Pua O Kapoho Street Along road from Highway 137 25 feet
(0.005 mile)
Repave
Kapoho Kai Drive Along road from Highway 137 25 feet
(0.005 mile)
Repave
Kumukahi/Lighthouse
Road
Along road from intersection of
Highways 132 and 137
892 feet
(0.2 mile)
Repave
Section Description Length Proposed
Improvements
Highway 137b
(MacKenzie State
Recreation Area)
Along Highway 137 through
MacKenzie State Recreation
Area
4,850 feet
(0.9 mile)
Repave
Jordon V. Calpito
September 2, 2022
Page 8 of 28
www.fema.gov
Should you have any other related questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact David
Herdrich, FEMA Environmental Protection Specialist and Archaeologist at FEMA’s Pacific Area
Office in Honolulu at david.herdrich@fema.dhs.gov or 808-228-2064, or contact me directly at
kenneth.sessa@fema.dhs.gov or 816-283-7960.
Sincerely,
David R. Cohen
Senior Environmental Protection Specialist
for Kenneth Sessa
(Acting) Environmental Officer
FEMA Region IX
Enclosures
cc:
Keone Kalawe, Interested Party
Keiki Kekipi, Interested Party
Hannah H. Veloria, Interested Party
Berkeley Yoshida, Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka’u
Palikapu Dedman, Interested Party
Mililani Trask, Na Koa Ikaika KaLahui Hawaii
Dr. Sylvia M. Hussey, Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Kai Markell, Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Susan Osborne, Interested Party
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Region 9
1111 Broadway, Suite 1200
Oakland, CA 94607-4052
www.fema.gov
IN REPLY REFER TO:
DH-PA-4366 PW 00055-00053 December 15, 2022
Dr. Alan S. Downer, Ph.D.
Administrator
State Historic Preservation Division
Kakuhikewa Building
601 Kamokila Boulevard, Suite 555
Kapolei, Hawaiʻi 96707
Via: HICRIS
Dr. Sylvia M. Hussey, Ph.D.
Chief Executive Officer
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
560 N. Nimitz Hwy., Suite 200
Honolulu, HI 96817
Via: OHACompliance@oha.org
ATTN: Susan Lebo, SHPD, and Kai Markell, OHA
Re: FEMA-4366-DR-HI-00055-00053 (46851) (45259)
Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road Repair and Water Line Installation
Approximate lat/long: 19.460527, -154.843710, Island of Hawaiʻi
FEMA Public Assistance Program Submission – Standard Project Review for
Nonemergency Undertakings (15-day Review)
Reconnaissance Survey Report: Field Inspection of Lands and Previously Identified Sites
within the Project Corridor, Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road Repair and Water Line
Installation, DR-4366-HI PW-55 PW-53
Subrecipients: County of Hawaiʻi Department of Public Works and Department of Water
Supply
Dear Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey:
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
proposes to provide a Federal grant, through the Hawaiʻi Emergency Management Agency
(Recipient), to the County of Hawaiʻi Department of Public Works (DPW) and the County of Hawaiʻi
Department of Water Supply (DWS) (Subrecipients), authorized under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
Relief And Emergency Assistance Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended, in response to major Disaster
Declaration, FEMA-DR-4366-HI, dated May 11, 2018 regarding the Kilauea Volcanic Eruption and
Earthquakes. During the incident period of May 3 through August 17, 2018, volcanic and seismic
activity stemming from the Kilauea volcanic eruption resulted in lava inundation in the in the Puna
Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey
December 14, 2022
Page 2 of 7 pages
District, rendering sections of roads inaccessible. DPW has requested funding to realign and
reconstruct approximately 9.1 miles of County roads to bring them back to their pre-disaster
function. DWS has requested funding to install water lines along approximately 7.8 miles of the
same County roads. The two projects are collectively referred to as the Undertaking. The assistance
would be provided through FEMA’s Public Assistance Program.
FEMA is reviewing the Undertaking pursuant to the 2016 Programmatic Agreement among FEMA,
the Hawaiʻi State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), the Hawaiʻi Emergency Management
Agency (Hawaiʻi Department of Defense), and the State Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)
(Agreement). In reviewing the Undertaking, FEMA has made a No Historic Properties Affected
determination and requests your review and concurrence per Stipulations II.C.4.d and II.C.5.a.1 of
the Agreement.
Undertaking
DPW proposes to realign and reconstruct approximately 9.1 miles of county roads that were
inundated with lava from the 2018 Kilauea volcano eruption in the easternmost portion of the island
of Hawaiʻi (Puna District) to bring them back to their pre-disaster function, and DWS proposes to
install approximately 7.8 miles of waterlines (Undertaking). The Undertaking would entail
realignment and reconstruction of roads and installation water lines along Pohoiki Road and
Highway 137 (Kalapana-Kapoho Beach Road, from the intersection with Pohoiki Road to the
intersection with Highway 132). The Undertaking encompasses portions of the following roads:
Leilani Avenue, Kapoho Beach Road, Moani Street, Pua O Kapoho Street, Kapoho Kai Drive,
Kumukahi-Lighthouse Road, and Highway 137 near MacKenzie State Recreation Area.
Along road sections covered by hardened lava from the 2018 eruption, the road would be
constructed on top of the hardened lava and would change elevation to follow the new natural grade.
The hardened lava would be graded as needed outside of the roadway to maintain a 1:1 slope
adjacent to the road and to provide safe conditions for drivers. Along sections where there is no
hardened lava inundation, the road would be widened to meet current design standards. The road
widening would be outside of the original footprint in some areas. The widest disturbance of
hardened lava would be approximately 70 feet on either side of the road to create a roadway
shoulder with appropriate slopes; along most of the alignment, the width of hardened lava
disturbance would be less than 20 feet. Along the eastern portion of Pohoiki Road, approximately
7,000 feet of road would be realigned along the edge of an existing agricultural field. This
realignment would minimize impacts on the exceptional mango trees that form a canopy over the
existing Pohoiki Road in this area.
Water lines would be installed along the northern side of Pohoiki Road from just east of the
intersection of Pohoiki Road and Highway 132 to the intersection of Pohoiki Road and Highway
137. The water line would then cross Highway 137 and run along the eastern side of Highway 137 to
Kapoho Beach Road. Along most of the alignment, water lines would be installed under the unpaved
shoulder of the road, just outside the travel lane. There would be a minimum of 2 feet of cover over
the pipe. The total depth of excavation would be approximately 3 feet. In road sections where the
remnant heat of the hardened lava is too high to install water lines underground (such as along Upper
Pohoiki Road near the fissures, from approximate stations 45+00 to 65+00), the water line would be
Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey
December 14, 2022
Page 3 of 7 pages
installed in a V-shaped riprap trench, which would extend the project footprint 16 feet north. The V-
shaped riprap trench would allow heat to continue to dissipate from the hardened lava while
allowing the water line to be installed and operated.
DPW and DWS propose to stage equipment within the existing road footprint and on eight
construction staging areas within parcels owned by the County near the project area. Some
excavation may be needed to level the hardened lava from the 2018 eruption on the parcels to
accommodate staging, storage, and stockpiling activities. Excavation would be no more than 5 feet
deep and would not extend into previously undisturbed ground under the hardened lava from the
2018 eruption.
To implement the road realignments, the County would purchase portions of 55 private properties
adjacent to the existing road footprint; portions of 26 private properties would be purchased along
Pohoiki Road and Leilani Avenue, and portions of 29 private properties would be purchased along
Highway 137. No structures would be acquired.
Area of Potential Effects
In accordance with Stipulation II.C.2 of the Agreement, FEMA determined in coordination with
SHPD that the direct Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the Undertaking is limited to the areas
within which construction and ground-disturbing activity would be confined to excavation on the
hardened lava (22,400 linear feet) and excavation of the road section not covered by hardened lava
(12,400 linear feet). The APE encompasses four sections of roadwork (Kumukahi/Lighthouse Road,
Highway 137a and 137b, and Lower Pohoiki Road) and the staging areas.
The vertical APE for archaeological resources is limited to excavations into the hardened lava from
the 2018 eruption along 22,400 linear feet of the road corridor and 12,400 linear feet excavation to
repave the road not covered by hardened lava. The ground-disturbing construction activity on the
hardened lava (22,400 linear feet) would not extend below the hardened lava from the 2018 eruption.
The ground-disturbing activity on the road not covered by hardened lava (12,400 linear feet) would
be in previously disturbed soil. An indirect APE of 0.5-mile radius from the Undertaking was
considered to determine the potential for indirect effects (e.g., visual).
Identification and Evaluation of Historic Properties
In accordance with Stipulation II.C.3 of the Agreement, FEMA conducted a records search of the
area affected within the APE and a surrounding 0.5-mile buffer through the State Historic
Preservation Division’s Hawaiʻi Cultural Resource Information System (HICRIS) and the National
Park Service’s online National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks
database. FEMA also reviewed files at the SHPD library (March 24, 2022), the Bishop Museum
(submitted August 22, 2022, and received on August 23, 2022), and the Hamilton Library (March 4,
7, and 24, 2022). Other relevant databases were also researched including the Papakilo Database
(OHA 2022), Ulukai Database 2022 (https://ulukau.org), Hawaiʻi State Historic Bridge Inventory
and Evaluation (2014), and Hawaiʻi State Archives Electronic Database (2022)
(https://digitalcollections.hawaii.gov).
Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey
December 14, 2022
Page 4 of 7 pages
The records search results indicated that within the direct APE, 16 previous cultural resource studies
have been conducted and 14 cultural resources have been previously recorded. Within the indirect
APE, there are 98 recorded cultural resources. Of the 14 cultural resources in the direct APE, two
cultural resources were unaffected by lava, eight cultural resources are completely inundated with
lava, and four cultural resources are partially inundated. Of the 98 cultural resources in the indirect
APE, 58 cultural resources are completely inundated with lava, and 40 cultural resources were
unaffected.
FEMA archaeological consultants conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey from June 6
to July 8, 2022, in the four areas not inundated with hardened lava within the direct APE. Areas
covered by hardened lava were not surveyed because the proposed excavations for roads and
waterlines would not extend into the original ground surface, and there is no potential for extant
cultural resources existing within the hardened lava. The survey did not extend into the indirect APE
because these areas had been previously surveyed and any indirect effects of the Undertaking on
known archaeological or historic sites in these areas could be assessed without additional survey.
As a result of the investigation, three new cultural resources were identified and recorded during the
field site survey: SIHP 50-10-46-31353 (an historic railroad alignment and segment of the Hawaiʻi
Consolidated Railroad), SIHP site 50-10-46-31354 (Historic Wall/Enclosure), and SIHP site 50-10-
46-31355 (Terrace-Mound Complex, three features: two precontact mounds, and one precontact
linear terrace rock wall).
The survey reidentified three of the previously recorded sites within the direct APE that were not
covered in hardened lava; sites SIHP 50-10-46-0512 and 50-10-46-0513 (Bevacqua and Dye 1972),
and site SIHP 50-10-46-30583 (ASM 2016). One previously recorded site, SIHP 50-10-46-30583,
was found and temporarily recorded as TS-4366-003 since it was not known as a previously
recorded resource. SIHP 50-10-46-30583 was not listed in the Phase I Inventory review in HICRIS.
As a result, this site was rerecorded; however, the SIHP Site No. 50-10-46-30583 is retained as the
permanent resource number. Sites SIHP 50-10-46-0512 and 50-10-46-0513 were also relocated and
updated.
The four previously recorded sites within the direct APE that were partially inundated with hardened
lava (SIHP sites 50-10-46-02521, 50-10-46-02522, 50-10-46-02529, and 50-10-46-04300) could not
be relocated during the survey.
The following sites were evaluated under National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) criteria A, B,
C, and D; and HRHP Criterion E. SIHP sites 50-10-46-31353, 50-10-46-31354, 50-10-46-31355, 50-
10-46-0512, 50-10-46-0513, and 50-10-46-30583 are all recommended eligible for the NRHP, and
are considered significant under Criterion D for the information they have yielded and can continue
to yield with respect to land use activities and patterns, as well as how the study area landscape
evolved from precontact to historic times.
SIHP site 50-10-46-31353is considered additionally significant under Criterion A because the
resource was constructed during an important time in establishing commercial activities via the
railroad in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. SIHP site 50-10-46-31353is also
recommended eligible under Criterion B because of its association with the important figure in
history, Benjamin Dillingham, to spearhead those marketing efforts.
Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey
December 14, 2022
Page 5 of 7 pages
SIHP site 50-10-46-31354is considered additionally significant under Criterion B because it is
directly associated with Robert Rycroft, a locally significant historic figure.
SIHP site 50-10-46-31355is considered additionally significant under HRHP Criterion E because the
site also has the potential to yield precontact era burials.
Native Hawaiian Organizations
In accordance with Stipulation I.C.1 of the Agreement, and based on recommendations from OHA,
FEMA transmitted correspondence describing the Undertaking to Native Hawaiian Organizations
(NHOs) and interested parties on September 2, 2022. NHOs and individuals contacted include
Jordan V. Calpito of the County of Hawaiʻi Burial Council; Palikapu Dedman, Interested Party;
Sylvia M. Hussey, Ka Pouhana, Chief Executive Officer of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs; Keone
Kalawe, Interested Party; Keikialoha Kekipi, Interested Party; Kai Markell, Ka Pou Kākoʻo,
Manager, Kiaʻi Kānāwai, Compliance Enforcement of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs; Susan
Osborne, Interested Party; Miliani Trask of the No Koa Ikaika KaLahui Hawaiʻi; Hannah H. Veloria,
Interested Party; and Berkeley Yoshida, Pelekikiena of the Hawaiian Civic Club Kaʻu. The
correspondence also requested information about areas/sites of concern that may be affected by the
Undertaking and if recipients knew of any other interested parties who might have concerns about
the Undertaking.
Palikapu Dedman and Keikialoha Kekipi, both Interested Parties, responded to FEMA’s letter. Mr.
Dedman requested any identified burials be left in place, and the water lines be placed at an
appropriate distance from any archaeological discoveries. He also noted that FEMA should follow
Section 106 and consider the native perspective. Mr. Kekipi requested that archaeological sites be
retained in place. He also expressed concern regarding the opening of Kumukahi-Lighthouse Road
and requested it not be reopened until the Burial Treatment and Preservation Plan, being negotiated
by third parties and outside of FEMA’s Section 106 consultation, is in place. The concern derived
from the fact that in the year 2000 tourists had desecrated one of the burials and removed the iwi
(bones) and that if the road was reopened this could happen again. The concern was also expressed
by Mr. Kekipi and Mr. Keone Kalawe during a site visit with FEMA and a County of Hawaiʻi DPW
representative on August 25, 2022.
In consideration of the lineal descendants’ concerns, FEMA expanded the indirect APE to extend to
area that contains the burials, namely from the edge of the designated indirect APE to the end of
Kumukahi-Lighthouse Road near the coast, to determine if the Undertaking had any potential to
affect the burials. HICRIS indicates that there are four known burials within this area (sites: SIHP
Site -04251: Stone Burial Crypts; SIHP Site -21794: Stone Burial Crypts; SIHP Site -21792: Stone
Burial Crypts; SIHP SIte 21793: Burial Crypts). The burials are approximately 1.5 miles from the
Undertaking project area. For this Undertaking only, per II.C.3.c of the Agreement, FEMA is
treating the burials discussed above as historic properties eligible for the National Register in order
to make an indirect effects determination.
Finding of Effect
Per Stipulation II.C.4.d of the Agreement, FEMA has made a finding of No Historic Properties
Affected because the project activities would avoid the historic properties within the direct APE, and
Dr. Downer and Dr. Hussey
December 14, 2022
Page 7 of 7 pages
Enclosures:
Reconnaissance Survey Report: Field Inspection of Lands and Previously Identified Sites
within the Project Corridor, Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road Repair and Water Line
Installation, DR-4366-HI PW-55 PW-53
Cc: Palikapu Dedman
Keikialoha Kekipi
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION
KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING
601 KAMOKILA BLVD, STE 555
KAPOLEI, HAWAII 96707
January 12, 2023
IN REPLY REFER TO:
David Herdrich, Environmental Protection Specialist Project No. 2021PR00548
Federal Emergency Management Agency Doc. No. 2301SN03
Pacific Area Office Archeology
546 Bonney Loop, Bldg. 520
Honolulu, HI 96858
David.Herdrich@fema.dhs.gov
Mr. Herdrich:
SUBJECT:National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106 Review
Request for Concurrence with Effect Determination
FEMA Reference No. DH-PA-4366 PW 00055-00053
Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road Repair and Water Line Installation
a, Ahalanui, Laepao o, Pohoiki, Keahialaka, Kaukulauki, and
Malama 1
TMK: (3) 1-3 and 1-4 (various plats and parcels)
The State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) received a letter dated December 15, 2022, from the U.S.
gement Agency (FEMA) indicating that FEMA
under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, P.L. 93-288 as amended, in response to
major Disaster Declaration, FEMA-DR-4366-HI, dated May 11, 2018 regarding the Kilauea Volcanic Eruption and
Earthquakes. In accordance with 36 CFR 800.2(a)(4), the FEMA has made a final determination of no historic
properties affected for the Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road Repair and Water Line Installation project. The
FEMA letter summarizes the NHPA Section 106 findings from a report titled: Reconnaissance Survey Report: Field
Inspection of Lands and Previously Identified Sites within the Project Corridor Pohoiki Road and Highway 137 Road
(Drennan and Sherman, December 2022), and
consultation with Native Hawaiian Organizations (NHO), the SHPD, the County of Hawai
parties.
The project has been determined to be a federal undertaking as defined in 36 CFR 800.16(y) and is subject to
compliance with Section 106 of PW s project is also subject to Hawaii Revised
Statutes (HRS) §6E-8 historic preservation review.
, will involve reconstruction of
approximately 9.1 miles of County roads that were inundated with lava from -
4366-HI). DWS proposes to concurrently install new water lines along approximately 7.8 miles of the same County
roads. FEMA conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey in four areas not inundated with lava in the direct
area of potential effects (APE) and considered the indirect effects of the APE as requested by SHPD.
JOSH GREEN, M.D.
GOVERNOR |
SYLVIA LUKELIEUTENANT GOVERNOR |
DAWN N. S. CHANGCHAIRPERSON
BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCESCOMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
FIRST DEPUTY
M. KALEO MANUEL
DEPUTY DIRECTOR - WATER
AQUATIC RESOURCESBOATING AND OCEAN RECREATION
BUREAU OF CONVEYANCESCOMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTCONSERVATION AND COASTAL LANDS
CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES ENFORCEMENTENGINEERINGFORESTRY AND WILDLIFE
HISTORIC PRESERVATIONKAHOOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE COMMISSIONLANDSTATE PARKS
~
~
David Herdrich
January 12, 2023
Page 2
The Drennan and Sherman (2022) reconnaissance survey was conducted to comply with the NHPA Section 106
identification, documentation, and assessment requirements and consisted of a literature search that identified 12
cultural resource studies and 14 previously recorded resources within the direct APE. A total of 98 resources were
identified in the indirect APE. The report indicates that of the 14 previously identified resources within the direct APE,
2 cultural resources are not inundated with lava, 8 cultural resources are completely inundated with lava, and 4 cultural
resources are partially inundated with lava. The report also indicates that of the 98 previously identified resources in
the indirect APE, 58 have been completely inundated with lava and 40 have not been impacted by lava.
The reconnaissance survey documented three previously identified sites (State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP)
50-10-46-0512 and 50-10-46-0513 (Bevacqua and Dye 1972), and SIHP 50-10-46-30583 (ASM 2016). These were
relocated and updated in the survey documentation. Four (4) previously recorded sites (SIHP 50-10-46-02521, SIHP
50-10-46-02522, SIHP 50-10-46-02529, and SIHP 50-10-46-04300) within the direct APE that have been partially
inundated were not located during the survey. The survey identified three newly identified sites within the direct APE,
they consist of SIHP 50-10-46-31353 (an historic railroad alignment and segment of the Hawaii Consolidated
Railway), SIHP 50-10-46-31354 (Historic Wall/Enclosure), and SIHP 50-10-46-31355 (Terrace-Mound Complex,
including two pre-contact mounds, and one pre-contact linear terrace rock wall).
Based on consultation with Native Hawaiian lineal descendants and the SHPD, the indirect APE was expanded to
include the area located at the end of Kumukahi/Lighthouse Road. An additional four (4) sites were considered, four
of which are stone burial crypts (SIHP 50-10-46-04251, SIHP 50-10-46-21794, SIHP 50-10-46-21792, and SIHP 50-
10-46-21793). None of the cultural resources within the Direct or Indirect APE are listed on the National Register of
Historic Places of Historic Places (SIHP 50-10-46-
02529, MacKenzie Petroglyphs).
The report indicates that SIHP 50-10-46-31353 is considered eligible under Criterion A because the linear resource
was constructed during an important time in the development of commercial activities via the railroad in the late
nineteenth/early twentieth century and under Criterion B as it was founded in association with an important figure in
history, Benjamin Dillingham. SIHP 50-10-46-31354 is considered eligible under Criterion B because it is directly
associated with Robert Rycroft, a locally significant historic figure. SIHP 50-10-46-31356 is considered additionally
significant under HRHP Criterion e as the site also has the potential to yield Precontact era burials.
Based on the findings in the Drennan and Sherman (2020) reconnaissance survey, and per Stipulation II.C.4.b of the
the FEMA
has made a determination of no historic properties affected because the proposed project is designed to avoid effects
to the identified historic properties within the direct APE. It has also been determined that the resources within the
indirect APE would not be impacted in anyway based on their locations and again based on the findings in the
reconnaissance survey and per Stipulation II.C.4.b, FEMA has also made a determination of no historic properties
affected for the resources located within the indirect and expanded indirect APE.
The SHPO concurs with the FEMA determination of no historic properties affected pursuant to 36 CFR 800.4(d)(1).
Based on the potential for unidentified historic properties to be discovered in areas of dense vegetation within the
APE, FEMA proposes archaeological monitoring to be conducted for the project to identify any archaeological historic
properties or burials present and, if identified, to determine potential impacts to them, and to ensure that appropriate
mitigation is implemented.
SHPD concurs SHPD requests an
archaeological monitoring plan (AMP) meeting the requirements of HAR §13-279-4 be submitted for SHPD review
and acceptance prior to the start of construction activities. Please submit the AMP, the associated submittal review
fee, and a copy of this letter to HICRIS Project 2021PR00548 using the Project Supplement option.
The SHPO looks forward to the FEMA and the County of Hawai i DPW initiating the HRS 6E historic preservation
review for the subject project.
Although a reconnaissance level survey does not fulfill the requirements of an archaeological inventory survey as
specified in HAR §13-276-5, it serves to facilitate project planning and supports the historic preservation review
process. Please submit two hard copies of the reconnaissance survey report (Drennan and Sherman, December 2022),
David Herdrich
January 12, 2023
Page 3
clearly labeled FINAL, along with a text-searchable PDF copy of the report and a copy of this letter to the SHPD
Kapolei office, Attn. Library. Please also submit one hard copy of the reconnaissance survey report (Drennan and
Sherman, December 2022), clearly labeled FINAL and a copy of this letter to the SHPD Hilo office, Attn. Sean
Naleimaile. Finally, please submit a text-searchable PDF copy of the report to HICRIS Project 2021PR00548 using
the Project Supplement option, and a PDF copy of the report to lehua.k.soares@hawaii.gov.
The FEMA and the the County of Hawai i DPW are the offices of record for this undertaking. Please maintain a copy
of this letter with your environmental review record for this undertaking.
Please contact Sean Naleimaile at (808) 933-7651 or at sean.p.naleimaile@hawaii.gov for any questions or concerns
regarding this letter.
Aloha,
Alan S. Downer, PhD
Administrator, State Historic Preservation Division
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Cc: Lauren Unger, lauren.unger@fema.dhas.gov
Claudia Lea, claudia.lea@associates.fema.dhs.gov
Christina Beaty, christina.beaty@associates.fema.dhs.gov
Trisha Drennan, trisha.drennan@associates.fema.dhs.gov
Martin Sherman, martin.sherman@associates.fema.dhs.gov
Zendo Kern, zendo.kern@hawaiicounty.gov
Rachelle Ley, rachelle.ley@hawaiicounty.gov
Douglas Le, douglas.le@hawaiicounty.gov
An o icial website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
DR-4366-HI Public Notice 002
English
Notice Date September 7, 2022
INITIAL PUBLIC NOTICE
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) is proposing to fund two projects for the County of Hawaiʻi Department of
Public Works (DPW) and the County of Hawaiʻi Department of Water Supply (DWS) in
Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi, to repair roads and install water lines along Pohoiki Road,
Leilani Road, Highway 137 (Projects) and Kumukahi Lighthouse Road. The proposed
action would repair damage from the 2018 Kīlauea volcano eruption in the
southeastern portion of the island in the Puna district to bring the roads back to their
pre-disaster function. Funding would be provided through the Public Assistance (PA)
Program as authorized under Section 428 of the Robert T. Staord Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 93-288, as amended.
FEMA intends to prepare an Environmental Assessment (EA) for the Projects in
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); Executive Order (EO)
11988, Floodplain Management; EO 11990, Wetlands Protection; and EO 12898,
Environmental Justice. FEMA hereby also provides interested parties with a notice of
its intent to carry out an action aecting a floodplain or wetland.
The County of Hawaiʻi has applied for PA funds for the Projects. The purpose of the
Projects is to recover from damage to the transportation network and water utilities
caused by the volcanic eruption and resulting overland lava flows in the Puna district
of the Island of Hawaiʻi. The Projects consist of the following: 1) realign and repave
approximately 9.2 miles of roads to bring them back to their pre disaster function; and
2) install new and replacement water lines along approximately 7.9 miles of roads.
Portions of the project area are in the 100-year floodplain as depicted on the FEMA
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Numbers 1551661204F, 1551661212F, 1551661213F,
and 1551661435F, eective date September 29, 2017. The FIRMs show that portions of
the project area along Highway 137 lie within Zone AE, an area that has a 1-percent
probability of flooding every year and where predicted floodwater elevations have
been established. A portion of the project area along Pohoiki Road lies within Zone D,
an area of undetermined flood hazard.
Initial comments concerning the Projects, potential alternatives, and preliminary
identification of environmental issues will be accepted from the aected public; local,
state, and federal agencies; Native Hawaiian Organizations; and other interested
parties to assist FEMA with identifying the scope of the EA and inform decision-
making. Comments should be made in writing and sent to the FEMA contact listed
below. Comments must be received by October 7, 2022, to be considered.
Additional information about the Projects, including maps showing the project
components and potential impacts on floodplains, may be obtained by contacting
FEMA or the County. Once complete, the dra EA will be made available for public
review and comment.
FEMA Contact:
Ken Sessa, FEMA Region 9 Environmental Oicer (Acting)
1111 Broadway, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94607-4052
fema-rix-ehp-document@fema.dhs.gov
County of Hawaiʻi Contact:
Steve Pause, Acting Director, Department of Public Works, County of Hawaiʻi
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7, Hilo, HI 96720
Disasters & Assistance
Grants
Floods & Maps
Emergency Management
About
Work With Us
Steve.Pause@hawaiicounty.gov, (808) 961-8321
Last updated October 13, 2022
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DR-4366-HI Public Notice 003
English
Notice Date October 12, 2022
INITIAL PUBLIC NOTICE
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) is proposing to fund two projects for the County of Hawaiʻi Department of
Public Works (DPW) and the County of Hawaiʻi Department of Water Supply (DWS) in
Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi, to repair roads and install water lines along Pohoiki Road,
Leilani Road, Highway 137 (Projects) and Kumukahi Lighthouse Road. The proposed
action would repair damage from the 2018 Kīlauea volcano eruption in the
southeastern portion of the island in the Puna district to bring the roads back to their
pre-disaster function. Funding would be provided through the Public Assistance (PA)
Program as authorized under Section 428 of the Robert T. Staord Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act, Public Law 93-288, as amended.
FEMA intends to prepare an Environmental Assessment (EA) for the Projects in
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); Executive Order (EO)
11988, Floodplain Management; EO 11990, Wetlands Protection; and EO 12898,
Environmental Justice. FEMA hereby also provides interested parties with a notice of
its intent to carry out an action aecting a floodplain or wetland.
The County of Hawaiʻi has applied for PA funds for the Projects. The purpose of the
Projects is to recover from damage to the transportation network and water utilities
caused by the volcanic eruption and resulting overland lava flows in the Puna district
of the Island of Hawaiʻi. The Projects consist of the following: 1) realign and
reconstruct approximately 9.1 miles of roads to bring them back to their pre-disaster
function; and 2) install new and replacement water lines along approximately 7.8
miles of roads.
Portions of the project area are in the 100-year floodplain as depicted on the FEMA
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Numbers 1551661204F, 1551661212F, 1551661213F,
and 1551661435F, eective date September 29, 2017. The FIRMs show that portions of
the project area along Highway 137 lie within Zone AE, an area that has a 1-percent
probability of flooding every year and where predicted floodwater elevations have
been established. A portion of the project area along Pohoiki Road lies within Zone D,
an area of undetermined flood hazard.
Initial comments concerning the Projects, potential alternatives, and preliminary
identification of environmental issues will be accepted from the aected public;
local, state, and federal agencies; Native Hawaiian Organizations; and other
interested parties to assist FEMA with identifying the scope of the EA and inform
decision-making. Comments should be made in writing and sent to the FEMA contact
listed below. Comments must be received by November 11, 2022 to be considered.
Additional information about the Projects, including maps showing the project
components and potential impacts on floodplains, may be obtained by contacting
FEMA or the County. Once complete, the dra EA will be made available for public
review and comment.
FEMA Contact:
Ken Sessa, Environmental Oicer (Acting), FEMA Region 9
1111 Broadway, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94607-4052
fema-rix-ehp-documents@fema.dhs.gov
County of Hawaiʻi Contact:
Steve Pause, Acting Director, Department of Public Works, County of Hawaiʻi
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7, Hilo, HI 96720
Steve.Pause@hawaiicounty.gov
Disasters & Assistance
Grants
Floods & Maps
Emergency Management
About
Work With Us
(808) 961-8321
Last updated October 13, 2022
Return to top
Contact FEMA
FEMA.gov
An website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Accessibility
Accountability
Careers
Civil Rights
Contact Us
FOIA
Glossary
No FEAR Act
Plug-Ins
Privacy
Report Disaster Fraud
Website Information
DHS.gov
USA.gov
Inspector General