HomeMy WebLinkAboutORD 2008-131 2006-2008COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
BILL NO. 333
ORDINANCE NO. 08 131 (
Draft 2)
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE COUNTY OF HAWAII KONA
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII:
SECTION 1. Purpose. The purpose of this ordinance is to adopt the Kona
Community Development Plan (attached hereto as Appendix A, as amended to Draft 2)
pursuant to the County of Hawaii General Plan, Section 15.1 (February 2005 as
amended).
SECTION 2. Adoption. Chapter 16, section 16-2, Hawaii County Code 1983
2005 Edition, as amended), is amended to read as follows:
Section 16-2. Adoption of community development plans. The
community development plans listed below are adopted and incorporated by
reference. A copy of the plans and amendments shall be available for public
inspection at the planning department.
KONA. The document identified as "Mappine the Future: Kona
Community Development Plan Volume I" is adopted by reference subject to later
amendments by ordinance, and may be cited as the "Kona CDP " The planning
area for the Kona CDP encompasses the iudicial districts of North and South
Kona."
SECTION 3. Severence. In the event that any portion of this ordinance is
declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance.
SECTION 4. Material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New material is
underscored. In printing this ordinance, the brackets, bracketed and stricken material,
and underscoring need not be included.
SECTION 5. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.
INTRODUCED BY:
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
Kona , - Hawai `i
Date of Introduction: August 27, 2008
Date of 1st Reading: August 27, 2008
Date of 2nd Reading: September 10, 2008
Effective Date: September 25, 2008
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KONA CDP
8 GUIDING PRINCIPLES
1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture.
Z Provide connectivity and transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages,
preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character.
6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing
agriculture and sustainable economies.
Promote effective governance.
Cover: "Map of the Island of Hawai'i" Hawaii Territory Survey, Walter E. Wall, Surveyor,
December 1928. Provided by the Kona Historical Society.
Volume 1:
Mapping the Future
Kona Community Development Plan
The County of Hawaii General Plan section 15.1 (February 2005, as amended) calls for the preparation of community
development plans "to translate the broad General Plan statements to specific actions as they apply to specific
geographical areas." The General Plan requires CDPs be adopted as an "ordinance", giving the plans force of law.
This is a long term plan with a planning horizon to year 2020, consistent with the General Plan.
The plan consists of two volumes—Volume 1 is adopted by County Council; Volume II contains more detailed or
technical material for informational purposes. An electronic version of the plan is available for download at
hftp:llhawallislandplan.com/
On behalf of present and future generations of Kona
Prepared for:
County of Hawaii Planning Department
Prepared by:
Wilson Okamoto Corporation
September 2008
FINAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Steering Committee Planning Commission
Ken Melrose, Chair Andrew Iwashita
Chrystal Yamasaki, Vice Chair Rodney Watanabe
Roger P. Dilts (resigned) Alvin Rho
JoAnn Farnsworth Shelly Ogata
Maralyn (Marni) Herkes Lani Bowman
Thomas Hickox C. Kimo Alameda
Kate Jacobson Rene Siracusa
Gretchen Lawson Takashi Domingo
Lydia Mahi Rell Woodward
Stacie Mandaguit
Michael Matsukawa County of HaWal l StaffJanicePalma-Glennie Planning DepartmentEdwardJ. Rapoza Christopher Yuen, DirectorJ. Curtis Tyler, III Susan Gagorik, Planner
Anne Irene Wilcox (resigned) Nancy Pisicchio, CDP Liaison
Louise Winn, Recorder
Working Groups Office of the Mayor
Roy Takemoto, Assistant to the Mayor
Agriculture Department of Research & Development
Cultural Resources Jane Testa, Director
Energy Steven McPeek
Environment
Flooding and Natural Hazards Consultants
Government Wilson Okamoto Corporation (prime consultant)
Housing Earl Matsukawa, AICP
Land Use Planning Tracy FukudaPublicFacilitiesandProgramsACPPlanning & Visioning (public outreach) Recreation Gianni Longo
Transportation Jamie Green
Environmental Simulation Center (land use scenarios)
County Council Michael Kwartler, FAIA
Brenda Ford Paul Patnode
Stacy Higa The Conservation Fund (green infrastructure)
Pete Hoffman William Allen
Donald Ikeda David Paul Rosen & Associates (housing)
Bob Jacobson David Paul Rosen, Ph.D.
Emily Naeole
Angel Pilago Website:
Dominic Yagong hUD://hawaiiislandDlan.00m/
J. Yoshimoto
r
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... '1.1
1.1 Planning Area.................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Purpose of this Plan.........................................................................................................1-1
1.3 Planning Process............................................................................................................. 1-3
2 KONA TODAY.............................................................................................................................. 2.1
2.1 Unique or Valued Characteristics..................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Growth Patterns and Trends............................................................................................ 2-6
3 VISUALIZING KONA TOMORROW............................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Vision Statement.............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Guiding Principles............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.3 Consistency with Sustainable and Smart Growth Principles ............................................ 3-3
3.3.1 Smart Growth...................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.2 Sustainability..................................................................................................:....3-4
4. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Transportation..................................................................................................................4-3
4.1.1 Existing Conditions.............................................................................................. 4-3
4.1.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................. 4-5
4.1.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions............................................................... 4-6
4.2 Land Use........................................................................................................................ 4-27
4.2.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................ 4-27
4.2.2 Overall Strategy................................................................................................ 4-31
4.2.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-35
4.3 Environmental Resources.............................................................................................. 4-51
4.3.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................ 4-51
4.3.2 Overall Strategy................................................................................................ 4-52
4.3.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-54
4.4 Cultural Resources......................................................................................................... 4-71
4.4.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................ 4-74
4.4.2 Overall Strategy................................................................................................ 4-76
4.4.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-77
4.5 Housing..........................................................................................................................4-81
4.5.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................ 4-82
4.5.2 Overall Strategy................................................................................................ 4-84
4.5.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions............................................................. 4-90
4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services................................................................. 4-98
4.6.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................ 4-98
4.6.2 Overall Strategy................................................................................................ 4-98
4.6.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-99
KONA CDP i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Paqe
4.7 Energy..........................................................................................................................4-119
2-7
Table 4-1
4.7.1 Existing Conditions.......................................................................................... 4-119
Table 4-2
4.7.2 Overall Strategy.............................................................................................. 4-120
Table 4-3:
4.7.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-121
4.8 Economic Development............................................................................................... 4-123
Table4-5
4.8.1 Existing Conditions.......................................................................................... 4-123
4.8.2 Overall Strategy .................. ............................................................................ 4-126
4.8.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-128
5. ACTION PLAN.............................................................................................................................. 5.1
5.1 Financing Plan................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 Scope of the Financing Plan............................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 Funding List........................................................................................................ 5-2
5.1.3 Financing Districts Map....................................................................................... 5-5
5.2 Implementation................................................................................................................ 5-5
5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership.......................................................... 5-6
5.2.2 Duties..................................................................................................................5-6
5.2.3 Annual and Comprehensive Review .................... ..................................... I......... 5-7
5.3 Implementation Matrix., .................................................................................................... 5-8
6 MONITORING PLAN.................................................................................................................... 6-1
7 GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................7.1
8 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................8-1
List of Tables
Table2-1 Population Growth............................................................................................................ 2-7
Table 4-1 Concurrency Table......................................................................................................... 4-23
Table 4-2 Total Housing Units, County of Hawai'i, 1990 - 2006 ................................................ I.... 4-82
Table 4-3: 2006 Affordable Income Guidelines............................................................................... 4-86
Table 4-4: Affordable Sales and Rent Guidelines for County of Hawai'i.......................................... 4-87
Table4-5 Housing Credit............................................................................................................... 4-93
KONA CDP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
Page
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Kona CDP Planning Area................................................................................................. 1-2
Figure2-1 Rainfall Map..................................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 4-1 Existing Major Streets – Ownership and Functional Classification ................................... 4-4
Figure 4-2a Official Transportation Network Map: Proposed Roads and Transit Facilities ................. 4-9
Figure 4-2b Official Transportation Network Map: Bike and Pedestrian Paths .................................. 4-11
Figure 4-2c Official Transportation Network Map: Kahalu'u Area ...................................................... 4-13
Figure 4-2d Official Transportation Network Map: Nani Kailua Area ................................................. 4-14
Figure4-3 Concurrency Map........................................................................................................... 4-25
Figure 4-4 County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide .............................. 4-28
Figure4-5 Generalized LUPAG....................................................................................................... 4-29
Figure4-6 Generalized Zoning........................................................................................................ 4-30
Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map.......................................................................................... 4-37
Figure 4-8a Environmental Resources Map: Kona Mauka Watershed Area ..................................... 4-55
Figure 4-8b Environmental Resources Map: Native Vegetation........................................................ 4-61
Figure 4-8c Environmental Resources Map: Native Plants & Animals .............................................. 4-63
Figure 4-8d Environmental Resources Map: Other Resources......................................................... 4-65
Figure 4-9: Traditional Uses Concept Map....................................................................................... 4-72
Figure 4-10a Official Public Facilities and Services Map – Public Safety .......................................... 4-101
Figure 4-10b Official Public Facilities and Services Map – Community Facilities .............................. 4-103
Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map – Waste Management ............................... 4-105
Attachments
A. Official Metadata
B. Village Design Guidelines
C. Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines
VOLUME 2—Background Information
1. Public Involvement Summary: Process and Results, ACP -Visioning & Planning, Ltd. and The
Environmental Simulation Center, November 23, 2006
2. Working Groups Objectives & Actions, ACP -Visioning & Planning, Ltd., December 12, 2006
3. Demographic Characteristics of North & South Kona, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, January
2007
4. Kona Regional Profile, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, January 2007
5. Land Use Strategies, The Environmental Simulation Center, July 2007
6. Green Infrastructure Technical Report, The Conservation Fund, February 28, 2007
7. Kona Affordable Housing Economic Analysis, David Paul Rosen & Associates, October 23,
2006
8. . Grey Infrastructure Report, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, March 2007
KONA CDP //l
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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V KONA CDP
1NTRODUCT/ON CHAPTER 1
1 ANTRODUCTION
1.1 PLANNING AREA
The Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) encompasses the judicial districts of North and South
Kona, hereafter referred to as Kona (see Figure 1 Planning Area). The 800 square miles of land area,
which comprises the North and South Kona districts, accounts for approximately 20% of the total land
area of the Island of Hawai'i.
Located on the leeward side of the Island of Hawai'i, Kona has an ideal climate. It has attracted an
influx of new residents and experienced tremendous growth. The population has more than doubled
during the past 25 years, driven by resort development and the second -home residential market. As a
result of this rapid growth rate, we must plan better to deal with traffic congestion, affordable housing,
and open space. Residents taking part in the planning process repeatedly voiced these needs. Kona
is the first community development plan to commence under the framework of the February 2005
County of Hawai'i General Plan.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN
The purposes of the Kona CDP are:
Articulate Kona's residents' vision for the planning area;
Guide regional development in accordance with that vision, accommodating future growth
while preserving valued assets;
Provide a feasible infrastructure financing plan to improve existing deficiencies and proactively
support the needs of future growth;
Direct growth to appropriate areas;
Create a plan of action where government and the people work in partnership to improve the
quality of life in Kona for those who live, work, and visit;
Provide a framework for monitoring the progress and effectiveness of the plan and to make
changes and update it, if necessary.
KONA CDP 1-1
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INTRODUCTION
1.3 PLANNING PROCESS
The Hawai'i County Planning Department recognized that only
with broad public input can the Kona residents take ownership
of this plan, by which they may embrace the vision and
commit to a better future. Initiated in September 2005, this
plan is the result of an extensive public process discussed
below.
1. Steering Committee. The Hawai'i County Mayor and
the Hawaii County Council appointed 15 citizens to
serve on the Kona CDP Steering Committee,
representing a cross-section of the Kona community.
The Committee was given the responsibilities of
helping guide the process and representing public
priorities.
2. Public Meetings. Several large community meetings
were held:
a. Kick -Off Meetings. Two public meetings, one in
North Kona and the other in South Kona, were
held in September 2005 to introduce the
consultant team and explain the planning
process.
b. Small Group Meetings. In recognition that the
process needs to go to the people, meetings were
held at people's homes, churches, and
community centers. More intimate settings and
smaller groups allowed freer interaction for
people not inclined to speak before large groups.
One hundred and nine meetings were held
throughout Kona from November 2005 through
January 2006. All these meetings received input
from a balanced demographic and geographic
representation of the North and South Kona
Districts. Over 800 residents participated in the
individual meetings generating 3,496 ideas.
These ideas were sorted into 18 categories,
shown at right.
c. Mapping the Future Workshop. On February 18,
2006, 350 people attended this workshop to
brainstorm where future growth should occur.
Breakout groups also addressed critical questions
such as housing choice and affordability,
agriculture, transportation and land use,
CHAPTER 1
Numberof Ideas and Percentages
Transportation 511 14.6%
Alternative 118 3.4%
Public 141 4.0%
Vehicular 252 7.2%
Government and
Governance 354 10.1%
Planning 332 9.5%
Social Issues 327 9.4%
Environment 8
Culture 358 10.2%
Infrastructure 242 6.9%
Economic Prosperity 191 5.5%
Public Facilities 188 5.4%
Housing 186 5.3%
Land Use 178 5.1%
Community
ter 178 5.1°/
on 152 4.3°kRecreation,
en SpaceL 126 3.6%
u a 98 2.8%
69 2.0%
KONA CDP 1-3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
congestion, parks/recreation/open space, protection of the environment, hazard mitigation,
protection of ancestral and historic sites, community character, retail, and tourism.
d. Charreffes. A charrette is a "working" public meeting where technical experts sit with the
public and work together on maps and images. There were two charrettes, the first held in
March 2006 and the other in June 2006. In the first charrette, the public identified
alternative growth scenarios and selected a preferred scenario. In the second charrette,
the public articulated desired principles to provide details for a preferred scenario.
e. Working Groups. Eleven working groups made up of citizens and community stakeholders
met monthly, from July 2006 — September 2006, to focus in more detail on specific issue
areas. The working group developed goals, objectives, and policies for agriculture, cultural
resources, energy, environment, flooding and natural hazards, government, housing, land
use, public facilities and programs, recreation, and transportation. Each of the working
groups focused on one of the above topics.
For a more detailed documentation of the planning process, see Public Involvement Summary: Process .
and Results in Volume II.
1-4 KONA CDP
KONA TODAY CHAPTER 2
2. KONA TODAY
2.1 UNIQUE OR VALUED
CHARACTERISTICS
When people say "Keep Kona, Kona", they mean many things:
Preserving rich cultural features. In ancient Hawai'i, Kona was the most densely populated area in
the Hawaiian Islands (about 20,000 inhabitants at its peak). Kona was also a favorite area of
residence for HawaiTs chiefs. Ancient Hawaiian life was based around the ahupua'a, a section of
the land that extended from the mountain to the sea. Settlement generally occurred in three main
zones: the narrow and coastal strip consisting of small fishing villages near the shore, particularly
around fishponds and bays; the barren middle zone comprised of lava fields, which supported
temporary use, including natural caves used by travelers between the coast and uplands; and the
agricultural uplands, which supported scattered settlements where dryland taro and sweet potatoes
were extensively cultivated, along with other crops. Today's challenge is to respect and appreciate
this past while learning the ancestor's lessons of living sustainably with the land.
Preserving Kona coffee, rural villages, and lifestyle. World
renowned "Kona Coffee" is the signature product of Kona.
Initially introduced to Hawai'i in the early 1800's, coffee thrives
in the rich volcanic soils and unique climate of Kona on the
sheltered leeward slopes of Mauna Loa and Hualalai, roughly
between the elevations of 700 to 2,000 feet, along a 15 -mile
long "coffee belt" extending from Kailua to Hbnaunau. The
history of Kona coffee has been preserved with efforts such as
the Kona Heritage Corridor. Historically, rural villages evolved
in support of the agricultural lifestyle, and they are valued by
the residents of Kona today as a link with their past and path to
their future. This lifestyle persists through today's thriving
coffee industry and is valued by visitors to the Kona area who
help to support the growth of diversified agriculture.
KONA CDP 2-1
CHAPTER 2 KONA TODAY
Preserving the diverse. coastlines, protected
nearshore waters, open space, and vast
untouched upland landscapes. Kona includes
astonishing contrasts, ranging from near -barren
lava fields, to coastal coconut groves, to dense
native 'bhi'a forests. The sunny, leeward climate
has fostered an outdoor lifestyle epitomized by
well-known events held in Kona – such as the
International Ironman Triathalon, Hawaiian
International Billfish Tournament, and numerous
canoe regattas.
In order to plan for a sustainable future, the following unique characteristics of Kona's ecosystem need
to be considered:
Rainfall pattern. The massive domes of Mauna Loa and Hualalai shelter the Kona Coast from the
predominant tradewinds. In the absence of tradewinds, light sea -land breezes prevail—the heating
of the land during the day causes light winds to blow in from the sea, and the cooling of the land at'
night causes light winds to flow from the land to the sea. The seabreezes converge with
tradewinds that have passed through the Humu'ula Saddle and around the upper slopes of Mauna
Loa, producing frequent afternoon showers over the island's interior sections and mountain slopes.
This afternoon rainfall contrasts with the weather of the windward side of the island where rain
most often falls near midnight. The rainfall pattern in Kona is common during the summer
tradewind season, making Kona unique in the State in having its highest annual rainfall during the
summer. The rainfall map reflects the sea -land breeze pattern (see Figure 2-1). Rainfall increases
from the shoreline going mauka, reaching a peak between about 2,000 feet and 2,500 feet in
elevation, where 60 – 80 inches can fall annually in some areas. Above this band, annual rainfall
progressively declines to approximately 20 inches near the summits of Hualalai and Mauna Loa.
Steep topography with undefined
drainageways. Erosion has only slightly
altered the lava -formed landscape of Kona.
There are no perennial streams. Most rainfall,
except in heavy storms, percolates rapidly into
porous lava. There are recognized
drainageways, but they are shallow and not
well defined. Consequently, heavy localized
rainfall can easily exceed the capacity of the
shallow drainageways resulting in flooding of
adjoining areas. Moreover, even relatively
slight changes in topography through grading
and other land -disturbing activities can affect the capacity of drainage courses or change the
direction of flows. Areas that have not previously experienced flooding could flood during even
short periods of high rainfall. The predominantly steep topography of Kona causes runoff to flow
quickly, resulting in short response times to potentially rapid flooding.
2-2 KONA CDP
Mahukona
Kawaihae
Keauhou
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Keatakekua
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WON
Legend
oc ew Rainfall 60' to 80' (approx.)
Up to 10" (approx.) - 80" + (approx.)
10" to 20' (approx.) - 80' to 120' (approx.) u
Up to 20' (approx.) - 120' + (approx.)
20" to 30' (approx.) ® 120' to 160" (approx.)
Up to 30' (approx.) _ 160+ (approx.)
30" to 40' (approx.) - 160' to 200" (approx.)
40' to 60' (approx.) - 200' to 240' (approx.)
Up to 60- (approx.) - 240" + (approx.)
Source: Hawaii Statewide GIS Program
Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 2-1
Rainfall Map
CHAPTER 2 KONA TODAY
Groundwater. On the Island of Hawai'i, groundwater is the primary source of drinking water. In
Kona, groundwater occurs as both basal groundwater' and high-level groundwater2. The basal
lens in Kona is relatively thin and inconsistent due to the low rainfall input and the lack of a
geological "plug" that could slow the leakage of the groundwater at the coastline? Consequently,
wells drawing from basal groundwater in Kona are susceptible to salinity if they are drilled too deep
or if they are over -pumped. In the 1990's, exploratory wells drilled above the 1,600 -foot elevation
encountered high-level groundwater 25 to 460 feet above sea level. Better understanding and
protection of the high-level groundwater is important, since it has a significant potential for serving
Kona.
Three possible geologic structures that could impound high-level
water. (A) buried dike complex; (8) buried fault system; (C) buried,
massive lava flows. Oki, Delywn, 1999.
Water level contours in the high-level aquifer. Bauer. Glenn.
September 2003.
1 Basal groundwater is freshwater "Floating" atop deeper seawater. The freshwater forms a "lens" that extends below sea
level in a phenomenon described by the Ghyben-Herzberg Principle. For every foot of fresh water above sea level there are
40 feet below sea level.
2 High -Level ground water refers to potable water sources that are impounded by a relatively impermeable geologic
structure such as dikes or clay soils.
3 For example, on O'ahu, eroded sediment that has accumulated at the coastline is relatively impermeable and holds back
the groundwater, enabling a larger lens of water to form.
2-4 KONA CDP
KONA TODAY CHAPTER 2
Native ecosystems. Native forest habitats in Kona still exist
as a wet forest band at the mid -slope elevation corresponding
to the area of higher rainfall, as well as in pockets of dryland
forest. Although all ecosystems have been affected to some
degree by human activity and the introduction of alien
species, the greatest impact by far has been on the lowland
areas. Modification of these ecosystems began with the
Native Hawaiians, along with the introduction of non-native
species. such as feral ungulates, and was accelerated by
cattle ranching, agriculture, and urbanization. Where
remnants of native dryland forest still exist, they are a rare
and precious legacy. The native wet forest remains today as
a band of forest providing essential habitat and watershed
functions.
Anchialine ponds. Anchialine ponds are landlocked brackish bodies of water near the shoreline
which rise and fall with the tides, and are federally protected. In the U.S., this habitat exists only in
the Hawaiian Islands. Of the 700 known ponds in the Hawaiian Islands, most are on the Island of
Hawai'i, where anchialine ponds on the west side of the island have a higher diversity of native
species than those on the east side. These ponds are home to a unique assemblage of
invertebrate and algal species, some of which are known to exist only in, this habitat. These unique
species migrate through the cracks and crevices in the groundwater table. The anchialine ponds
are vulnerable to filling, introduction of exotic species (e.g., guppies, mollies and tilapia), siltation
from ground grading activity, from imported soils used for landscaping, as well as groundwater
pollution from cesspools, septic systems, fertilizers and pesticides. Some of these same activities
also threaten the nearshore coastal waters.
Nearshore coastal waters. The leeward
coastal waters of Kona, ideal for coral growth
and recreational activities, do not have as
much flushing action as rougher coastal areas.
While some pollutants mixed with the
groundwater are filtered by the lava or soil,
dissolved nutrients such a nitrates and
phosphates from cesspools and septic
systems as well as infectious microorganisms
may be difficult to remove. Moreover, in Kona,
due to the complex and poorly understood
geology of lava tubes and porous rock formations, there is concern that groundwater can flow
unfiltered to the ocean.
The coastal waters along the Kona coast are classified as "AA" marine waters by State Department
of Health (DOH) Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 54 "Water Quality Standards." The DOH
objective for Class "AA" marine waters is that "these waters remain in their natural pristine state as
nearly as possible with an absolute minimum of pollution or alteration of water quality from human-
KONA CDP 2-5
CHAPTER 2 KONA TODAY
caused source or actions. To the extent practicable, the wilderness character of these areas shall
be protected".
Rare, Threatened, Endangered Species. The vast majority of native Hawaiian plants and animals
are found nowhere else on Earth. Some of these plants and animals are on the brink of extinction.
Kona is home to rare, threatened, and/or endangered plant and animal species such as, but not
limited to Hawai'i Creeper, Hawaiian Crow ('Alala), Hawai'i Hawk ('lo), anchialine pool shrimp,
ahakea, kauila, halapepe, lo'ulu, 'aiea, ma'aloa. Some of these species do not live in protected
areas. It is important to identify which species inhabit Kona and where they are located.
Open Space and Natural Areas. Kona is blessed with
open space and natural areas that have the potential
for active and passive recreational opportunities, as
well as to preserve and conserve sensitive natural
systems (native forests, anchialine ponds, floodways,
beaches, etc.).
Natural Hazards. The coastal areas along Kona are
vulnerable to major storms, with the most significant of
these being hurricanes. While hurricanes and storm
events present the most likely risks, Kona is also
vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, droughts,
Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan (February 2005), which ide
and vulnerability analysis, and addressed mitigation measures.
and wildfires. The County prepared the
ntitled natural hazards, conducted a risk
2.2 GROWTH PATTERNS AND TRENDS
Population growth and composition. There are different ways to show the population growth in Kona
see Table 2-1):
Percentage Change. Resident population grew in North Kona by 62% from 1980 to 1990 (3rd
in percentage increase behind Puna and South Kohala) and tapered to 28% growth from 1990
to 2000 (4th among the nine districts). This percentage growth increase was nearly twice that,.
of South Kona.
Absolute Numerical Change. In terms of absolute numbers, only Puna (19,584) added more
residents than North Kona (14,795) in the two decades.
Countywide Proportion. In the year 2000, North Kona (19%) ranked second to South Hilo
37%) in terms of percent of population countywide. However, the trend is that North Kona and
Puna are increasing their share of the countywide population, while the South Hilo share is
declining.
2-6 KONA CDP
KONA TODAY CHAPTER 2
Table 2.1 Population Growth
Percent change Numerical Change of Total
1 -Apr -80 1 -Apr -90 1 -Apr -00
District
1980 to 1990 to 1980 to 1990 to 1980
o
1990
to Chang
1990 2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 a
State 964,691 1,108,229 1,211,537 14.9 9.3 143,538 103,308
Hawaii 92,053 120,317 148,677 30.7 23.6 28,264 28,360Countv
Puna 11,751 20,781 31,335 76.8 50.8 1 9,030 10,554 13% 17% 5%
South Hilo 42,278 44,639 47,386 5.6 6.2 2,361 2,747 46% 37% 9%
North Hilo 1,679 1,541 1,720 8.2 11.6 138 179 2% 1% 1%
Hamakua 5,128 5,545 6,108 8.1 10.2 417 563 6% 5% 1%
North
Kohala 3,249 4,291 6,038 32.1 40.7 1,042 1,747 4% 4% 046
South
Kohala 4,607 9,140 13,131 98.4 43.7 4,533 3,991 5% 8% 3%
Kona 1'3,748 22,284 28,543 62.1 87 8536 6,259 15°h 19% 4%
Kna 5,914 7,658 8589 29.5 12.2 744 931 6° 6% 0°k
Kau 3,699 4,438 5,827 20 31.3 739 1,389 4% 4% 0%
Source: County of Hawaii General Plan, February 2005 and 2006 County of Hawaii Data Book
KoNA CDP 2-7
CHAPTER 2 KDNA TODAY.
These census figures, available every ten (10) years do not fully capture the exponential growth Kona
experienced from 2000 to today. Based on a 2005 estimated population of 31,900 for North Kona and
10,700 for South Kona (totaling 42,600)4, the average annual growth rate from 2000 has been 6%
comparable to 6% in,the rapid expansion period of 1980 to 19905. Using the middle forecast (Series
B), as suggested by the County General Plan (2005), the projected total population for the Kona
districts for the year 2020 is 56,367, or 13,800 more residents than the estimated population in 2005
see Chart 2-1).
The population growth in Kona is closely associated with continuing growth of the visitor and
agricultural industries.
Housing production. Growth in housing units provides a more realistic picture of growth in Kona. In the
period of 1990 and 2000 the number of new housing units increased at a rate more than twice the
population increase, from 7,947 housing units in 1990 to 13,330 in 2000 (ACP -Visioning & Planning,
Ltd. and ESC, November 2006) of which only a small portion was affordable housing for residents.
This uneven increase creates greater, disproportionate land consumption and infrastructure needs than
reflected by population growth statistics.
Chart 2.1
District Resident Population Distribution, Year 2020
70,000
60,000
c: 0,000 -
40,000 -
o, 30,000
Q El
O Series B11
20,000
10,000
o ,
c
CO -
District
Source: County ofHawaii GeneralPlan, 2005
4 The General Plan, Table 2-2, provides population projections at 5 -year intervals by district. The 2005 projections for North
and South Kona were adjusted by the Census population estimate dated July 2005. The Census estimate for the island
was 186,836 (2005 Hawaii County Data Book, Table 1.2, which was higher than the islandwide GP projections of 159,907,
resulting in an adjustment factor of 1.168 (186,836/159,907)
5 Average annual growth rate computed by taking the difference of the end year and the start year, divide by number of
years, and divide the quotient by the value of the start year (e.g. for North Kona [(22,284-13,748)/10]113,748 = 0.06 = 6%)
2-8 KONA CDP
0
4 The General Plan, Table 2-2, provides population projections at 5 -year intervals by district. The 2005 projections for North
and South Kona were adjusted by the Census population estimate dated July 2005. The Census estimate for the island
was 186,836 (2005 Hawaii County Data Book, Table 1.2, which was higher than the islandwide GP projections of 159,907,
resulting in an adjustment factor of 1.168 (186,836/159,907)
5 Average annual growth rate computed by taking the difference of the end year and the start year, divide by number of
years, and divide the quotient by the value of the start year (e.g. for North Kona [(22,284-13,748)/10]113,748 = 0.06 = 6%)
2-8 KONA CDP
VISUAL/Z/NG KONA TOMORROW CHAPTER .3
3. VISUALIZING
KONA
TOMORROW
3.1 VISION STATEMENT
KONA'S FUTURE SHALL BE:
A more sustainable Kona characterized by a deep
respect for the culture and the environment and
residents that responsively and responsibly
accommodate change through an active and
collaborative community.
3.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES
In order to achieve this vision, the following principles,
derived from public meetings and working groups, are the
foundation for the goals, objectives, policies, and
implementation actions.
1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture.
a. Natural resources. The watershed,
including coastline, flood plains, important
agricultural land, open space, and areas
mauka of Mamalahoa Highway shall be
protected. Guided by a principle of respect
for the 'land, environment and natural
resources shall be preserved and protected
to ensure clean air and water, thriving native
species, conservation of shorelines and
open space, improvements in watershed
management and flood control, and
reductions in solid waste.
For the benefit of present and future
generations, the State and its political
subdivisions shall conserve and protect
HawaiTs natural beauty and all natural
resources, including land, water, air,
minerals and energy sources, and shall
promote the development and utilization
of these resources in a manner
consistent with their conservation and in
furtherance of the self-sufficiency of the
State. All public natural resources are
held in trust by the state for the benefit
of the people.
The Constitution of the State ofHawaii
Article XI
KoNA CDP 3-1
CHAPTER 3 VISUAL/Z/NG KONA TOMORROW
Culture. The multi-ethnic culture is preserved, protected, and restored in a manner
that perpetuates all aspects of the aloha spirit.
2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. Future growth should connect
communities with movement alternatives such as sidewalks, trails, and bike lanes. We need
an efficient public transportation system for moving people. It should have comfortable and
frequent service to key destinations, along prominent commuter routes, and at transfer points
that offer connections to alternative modes of transportation.
3. Provide housing choices. Future growth should
offer a broad range of mixed housing choices with
a variety of types and price ranges that are
affordable and available in close proximity to
places of work. They should also accommodate
populations with special needs, including seniors,
disabled persons, and the homeless.
4. Provide recreation opportunities. Future growth
should provide a diversity of recreational
opportunities that are well-maintained, attractive,
and easily accessible to the entire community.
5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse,
and historical character.
a. Compact villages. The majority of future growth should be directed north of Kailua,
with some future growth in the Kailua to Keauhou area, in the form of compact villages
that offer increased density and mixture of homes, shops, and places to work.
b. Rural character of Kona. Density in South Kona should be kept low, and its character
should remain rural, with most future growth directed around existing villages and
towns.
C. Community character. Diversity, history, and the host culture are celebrated in
neighborhoods and communities that incorporate beautification, architectural
continuity, and respect for the natural environment, in order to maintain Kona's
character and its Hawai'i Island style.
6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. Future growth
should occur where infrastructure (roads and utilities) and essential facilities (i.e. police, fire,
and schools) are already in place. These facilities should be maintained at a level that will
enhance the quality of life for Kona residents.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable
economies.
a. Agriculture. Agricultural lands should be preserved in a manner that supports family
farms, ecotourism, and a self-sufficient agricultural economy that encourages the local
use of Hawai'i products.
3-2 KONA CDP
VISUALIzING KONA TOMORROW CHAPTER 3
b. Sustainable industries. Diverse and sustainable industries such as ecotourism,
agriculture, aquaculture, technology, and health should be enhanced, expanded and
marketed to take full advantage of Kona's unique environmental assets and reduce
dependence on food and fossil fuel imports. Community collaborations supported in
order to meet the needs of businesses, residents and visitors.
8. Promote effective governance: An effective and accountable regional government structure
that improves the quality of life for Kona residents should manage the impacts of growth and
meet the needs of the Kona community by encouraging cooperation among public, private, and
civic partners, ensuring equitable distribution of resources, and instituting policies and
regulations in a predictable and consistent manner.
We the people of Hawaii, grateful for Divine Guidance, and mindful of our Hawaiian heritage
and uniqueness as an island State, dedicate our efforts to fulfill the philosophy decreed by the
Hawai'i State motto, Ta mau ke ea o ka 'aina 1 ka pono."
We reserve the right to control our destiny, to nurture the integrity of our people and culture, and
to preserve the quality oflife that we desire.
We reaffirm our belief in a government of the people, by the people and for the people, and with
an understanding and compassionate heart toward all the peoples ofthe earth, do hereby ordain
and establish this constitution for the State ofHawaii".
The Constitution of the State of Hawaii
Preamble
3.3 .CONSISTENCY WITH SUSTAINABLE AND SMART GROWTH PRINCIPLES
These foregoing eight Guiding Principles are consistent with the principles of "smart growth" and
sustainability."
3.3.1 Smart Growth
Smart growth refers to the management of growth to make it possible "for communities to grow in ways
that support economic development and jobs; create strong neighborhood with a range of housing,
commercial, and transportation options; and achieve healthy communities that provide families with a
clean environment." 6 The following 10 smart growth principles are incorporated into the Kona CDP's
Guiding Principles:
1. Protect and preserve open space, natural beauty, agricultural lands, cultural and
environmental resources;
2. Utilize compact building design;
3. Create a range of housing opportunities and choices;
4. Create walkable communities;
6 Smart Growth Network, Getting to Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation, htto:llsmartarowth.org.
KONA CDP 3-3
CHAPTER 3 VISUALIZING KONA TOMORROW
5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place;
6. Mix land uses;
7. Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities;
8. Provide a variety of transportation choices;
9. Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost effective; and
10. Foster community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions.
3.3.2 Sustainability
The term "sustainability" has special meaning in an island context, where our resources are limited and
the consequences of our actions have a more immediate. impact.
Sustainability in Hawaii means achieving a quality of life that achieves the following goals:
It emphasizes respect for the culture, character, beauty and history of our state's island
communities.
It strikes a'balance between economic prosperity, social and community well-being, and
environmental stewardship.
It meets the needs of the present community without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. r
The eight Guiding Principles are consistent with this definition and provide the basis for Goals,
Objectives, Policies, and Actions that set forth a sustainable path for Kona. To become a sustainable
community requires commitment on all levels—as individuals, households, businesses, communities,
and government. We need to do our part in as many ways as we can.
The following elaborates the eight Guiding Principles specifically in terms of sustainability principles:
1. Sense of Community. The manner in which we meet our human needs determines the quality of
our existence and ability to adapt. Pertinent initiatives include the following:
a. Cultural emphasis. The vision emphasizes the importance of mutually appreciating our
respective cultural traditions.
b. Affordable housing. The vision affirms that decent affordable housing is needed in Kona.
c. Participatory governance. The vision is to create a structure through which Kona residents
may meaningfully engage in decision making. Engagement breeds caring and learning, which,
in turn, creates the energy and expertise needed to better the community. .
d. Innovation. The Design Center proposed in Section 4.2 Land Use will hopefully stimulate the
exposure of and willingness to try new ideas, thus enabling Kona to become a cutting edge
sustainable community.
7 Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan, January 2008. See also, The Natural Step for Communities by S. James and T. Lahti
which explains the four conditions of a sustainable society.
3-4 KONA CDP
VISUALIZING KONA TOMORROW CHAPTER 3
2. Interaction with Nature. Only through opportunities to interact
with nature can we develop knowledge and respect for natural
environment. The vision is to establish an Open Space
Network Program (see Section 4.3 Environmental Resources)
to guide the provision of such opportunities through
subsistence activities (e.g., fishing, diving, hunting, gathering),
recreational activities (e.g., swimming, surfing, hiking, camping,
biking), and educational activities (e.g., interpretive signage
and printed material).
3. Building Standards. The Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is
the nationally recognized standard for green buildings (see
sidebar). The vision supports LEED design of buildings and
neighborhoods. LEED embraces all the aforementioned
principles—waste reduction, toxics reduction, conservation of
resources, and energy efficiency— by recognizing performance
in five key areas of human and environmental health:
sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency,
materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. LEED
certification provides independent, third -party verification that a
development's location and design meet accepted high
standards for environmentally responsible, sustainable,
development. LEED certification recognizes and rewards
builders for meeting the highest performance standards, and
gives users confidence that their building is durable, healthy,
and environmentally friendly.
4. Energy Efficiency. The energy policies aim at reducing
greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., conservation measures,
renewable energy conversion), reducing energy costs to the
Specific LEED programs include:
Homes
Neighborhood Development
New Commercial Construction and
Major Renovation projects
Existing Building Operations and
Maintenance
Commercial Interiors projects
About LEED for Homes
LEED for Homes is a voluntary rating
system that promotes the design and
construction of high performance 'green'
homes. A green home uses less energy,
water, and natural resources; creates less
waste; and is healthier and more
comfortablefor the occupants.
About LEED for Neighborhood
Development
LEED for Neighborhood Development is a
collaboration between the U.S. Green
Building Council, the Congress for the New
Urbanism, and the Natural Resources
Defense Council. The LEED for
Neighborhood Development Rating System
integrates the principles of smart growth
and green building into the first national
standard for neighborhood design.
LEED for Neighborhood Development
recognizes development projects that
successfully protect and enhance the
overall health, natural environment, and
quality of life of our communities. The
rating system encourages urban smart
growth best practices, promoting the
design of neighborhoods that reduce
vehicle miles traveled and communities
where jobs and services are accessible by
foot or public transit This framework can
serve as the means of measuring the
sustainability of the Kona CDP's Village
Design Master Plans.
consumer (e.g., net metering, alternatives to driving), and
developing a more resilient system, such as reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and
decentralized distributed energy systems. Although most changes require action by the State,
County, or utility company, the vision expresses Kona community's aspirations to do its part. The
largest consumer of electricity on the island is the County Department of Water Supply, to pump
and distribute water. Therefore, water conservation and leak detection, besides conserving water
resources, is also a significant energy conservation measure.
5. Non -degradation. Whether intentionally or inadvertently, we degrade our resources by clearing,
introducing invasive species, introducing sediments or chemicals to our water resources through
non -point or point sources and depleting our water, soil, fisheries, and other resource consumption
activities. To prevent degradation, the vision is to support biodiversity through protection of native
KONA CDP 3-5
CHAPTER 3 V/SUAL/Z/NG KONA TOMORROW
and endangered habitats, controlling pollution at the source and pathways, and rewarding 'best
practices" of managed resources.
6. Toxic materials reduction/substitution. Through awareness and innovation, the vision is to
encourage reducing (or substituting) toxic substances.
Zero waste. The concept of zero waste attempts to emulate nature where the "waste" of one thing
becomes the food or shelter of another thing in an efficient flow of materials and energy. This .
means not just recycling and reusing, but also redesigning products and packaging to reduce
toxicity and increase recoverability. The vision is to increase the awareness of businesses and
households, thus helping them to modify their modes of operation, encourage innovation, and
discourage waste.
8. Climate change (global warming). The emission of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide,
prevents heat from escaping and contributes to global warming. The primary source of carbon
dioxide is the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal). Carbon dioxide is also removed
from the atmosphere (or. "sequestered") when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological
carbon cycle. The vision is to reduce energy use and convert to renewable sources, as well as to
preserve and restore the mauka forests, which are the most significant actions Kona can take to do
its part to stem global warming.
3-6 KONA CDP
GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES & ACT/ONS CHAPTER 4
4.GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND
ACTIONS
Chapter 4 presents the goals, objectives, policies, and actions of the Kona Community Development
Plan (CDP). They are presented as eight elements, including:
1. Transportation
2. Land Use
3. Environmental Resources
4. Cultural Resources
5. Housing
6. Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services
7. Energy
8. Economic Development
These elements generally correspond with the thirteen elements of the County of Hawaii General Plan
GP) except that five elements of the GP have been combined in two of the Kona CDP elements.
Specifically, the Kona CDP element for Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services combines the GP
elements for Public Facilities, Public Utilities and Recreation; and, the Kona CDP element for
Environmental Resources combines the GP elements for Environmental Quality, Flooding and Other
Natural Hazards, Natural Beauty and Natural Resources and Shoreline. The GP element for Historic
Sites is referred to in the Kona CDP as Cultural Resources and the GP element for Economic is
referred to as Economic Development. The concepts of sustainability variously addressed in the GP
element for Environmental Quality form a part of the overall vision for the Kona CDP, as presented in
Chapter 3 Visualizing Kona Tomorrow.
Each of the eight Elements in this chapter has seven components, described as follows:
1. Introduction to the Element, discussing its scope, purpose and/or guiding principle(s). A table
shows which of the eight guiding principles the Element supports.
2. Existing Conditions, describing the issues, concerns, and/or state of knowledge that are
addressed in the Element.
3. Overall Strategy, explaining the major approaches by which the issues and concerns described
in Existing Conditions will be addressed.
Goal, stating the intended outcome for the Element, as derived from the community outreach
phase of the Kona CDP process.
Objectives, corresponding to each of the major approaches identified in the Overall Strategy.
Each of the objectives in an Element is identified by an alphabetical prefix identifying the
element and a sequential numeral. For example, "Objective LU -1" is the first objective in the
Land Use Element.
KONA CDP 4-1
CHAPTER 4
6. Policies, that prescribe how each objective will be
achieved. The policies that use the word "shall" are
mandatory directives legally binding on County
agencies. Among the most significant legally binding
policies are those presented in Section 4.2 Land Use.
These policies must be implemented through land use
decisions and development permits issued after the
Kona CDP is adopted. Such policies, however, would
not be retroactive to prior decision-making and existing
zoning. Some mandatory policies require balancing
with other policies, particularly those that require
County funding. Some policies create special
provisions that differ from the County Code; these
Code -amending policies are summarized and noted as
enacted by plan" in Section 5.3. Other policies that
use the word "should" are not legally binding as they
recommend desired actions especially those affecting
agencies over which the plan does not have authority
e.g. State agencies, utilities, non -profits). Each policy
is identified by the alpha -numeric code for its
corresponding objective, followed by a decimal and its
numeric sequence. For example, "Policy TRAN-3.2" is
the second policy of the third objective in the
Transportation Element.
Actions, that specify how the policy will be
implemented. An action may be a precursor, to
implementing a policy or may specify what is required
or recommended to implement it. The list of actions
are meant to be refined during the process of
implementation in consideration of available resources,
more detailed analysis, feasibility, and other factors.
Thus, these actions are not legally binding but are
meant to be implemented in good faith. The
Implementation Committee (IC) shall have the
authority to revise the action and report any such
revision in the Committee's annual report (see Section
5.2.1). Each action identifies, by acronym (see
sidebar), the specific agencies or organizations that
GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Acronyms/Abbreviations
App. Applicant
BUS. Businesses
CD Civil Defense
COE US Army Corps of Engineers
COMM Community-based Organization
DATA County Data Systems
DBEDT State Department of Business,
Economic Development, and
Tourism
DEM County Department of Environmental
Management
DC Design Center
DOA State Department of Agriculture
DOE State Department of Education
DOH Department of Health
DOT State Department of Transportation
DHHL State Department of Hawaiian Home
Lands
DLNR State Department of Land & Natural
Resources
DPW County Department of Public Works
DWS County Department of Water Supply
Fin. County Finance Department
HCCRC Hawari County Cultural Resources
Commission
HELCO Hawai'i Electric and Light Company
HHFDC Hawai'i Housing Finance and
Development Corporation
KCC Kona Chamber of Commerce
KCRC Kona Cultural Resources Committee
KVBID Kailua Village Business Improvement
District
KVDC Kailua Village Design Commission
Mayors County Mayors Office
Mr County Mass Transit Agency
NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawari
NPS National Park Service
OA County Office of Aging
OHCD County Office of Housing and
Community Development
osc County Open Space Commission
OSP Office of State Planning
PATH People's Advocacy for Trails Hawai'i
PC County Planning Commission
PD County Planning Department
PR County Department of Parks &
Recreation
QLT Queen Lili'uokalani Trust
R&D County Research & Development
SHPD State Historic Preservation Division
State State agency
SWCD Soil Water Conservation District
TNC The Nature Conservancy
UH University of Hawari
will implement or participate in implementing the
action. County agencies identified have a particular responsibility for implementation. Each
action also specifies when the action should be implemented, whether it is enacted by the plan,
on-going, within one to two years, within two to three years, within three to five years or within
five to ten years. Each Action is identified by the alpha -numeric code for its corresponding
4-2 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POL/C/ES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTAT/ON
k
policy, followed by an alphabet sequence. For example, "Action ENV -1.4a" is the first action of
the fourth policy of the first objective in the Environmental Resources Element. All of the
Actions are summarized in Implementation Matrix in Chapter 5 Action Plan.
8. Official Maps, that are meant to be legally binding. All other figures in the plan not designated
as Official Maps are for information purposes only. Because the Official Maps are created
from GIS files, these maps may be printed at any scale with all or selected data layers. The
Official Maps distinguish "Policy Layers" from "Information Layers". The Policy Layers are the
official information on that map that require an amendment to the plan to add, delete, or
relocate records on the map. Changes that improve the accuracy of the map are not
considered amendments. The Information Layers provide background and may be changed in
any way or removed without a plan amendment. The metadata for the Official Maps specify, at
a minimum, the source of the data and explain the attribute features (see Attachment A). The
GIS files and metadata shall be housed and maintained by the County of Hawai'i Planning
Department.
4.1 TRANSPORTATION
The Transportation section of the Kona CDP serves
as a policy guide for County decisions regarding
transportation systems. Its objectives, policies, and
actions establish a transportation -oriented basis for
future development that is integrated with the Land
Use section, as well as the Public Facilities,
Infrastructure and Services section of the Kona CDP.
In addition, if provides guidance for concurrency and
connectivity of transportation facilities with future
development to ensure that all communities are
adequately served.
4.1.1 Existing Conditions
Traffic congestion in Kona is bad and grows worse
with time. The congestion is fueled by the rapid
growth and exacerbated by the road network, land
use patterns and dependence on the automobile.
Road improvements have not kept pace with
development. Poor , management of past
Guiding Principles Transportation
1. Protect Kona's natural
resources and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation .
opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages,
preserving Kona's rural, diverse,
and historical character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent
with growth. i
7. Encourage a diverse and
vibrant economy emphasizing
agriculture and sustainable
economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
development has eliminated or compromised future
roadway corridor options. Major road improvements take a long time to complete and limited financial
resources have to be prioritized and supplemented by innovative funding sources.
Two major north/south roadways, Queen Ka'ahumanu/Kuakini (Highway 19) and Mamalahoa Highway
Highway 190), are well beyond capacity and carry the majority of the north/south traffic through and
within Kona. Both State, and County share jurisdiction over the roads in Kona (see Figure 4-1).
KONA CDP 4-3
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
TRANSPORTAT/ON POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Figure 4-1 Existing Major Streets — Ownership and Functional Classification
4-4 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES&ACT/ONS TRANSPORTAT/ON
Based on State DOT traffic counts, several locations along regional Levels of Services (LOS) is a quantitative
transportation facilities in the planning area currently operate at poor and qualitative assessment of traffic
operations. LOS are defined by LOS "A'
levels of service (COH Planning Department, August 14, 2006). In through 'F"; LOS "A" representing ideal or
general, the following roadway segments operate at Level of Service bee -now traffic operating conditions and
LOS "F' unacceptable or potentially
LOS) "D" or worse (COH Planning Department, August 14, 2006): congested traffic operating conditions.
Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, Keahole to Palani Road
Hawai'i Belt Road, Palani Road to Kealakekua
Palani Road, east of Henry Street and west of Queen
Ka'ahumanu Highway
Over the years, new development mauka and makai of the primary
arterial highways has occurred without local road connectivity. New
developments have been built with no or very little connection to each
other.
Lacking such connectivity, all traffic funnels to the arterials and
conditions have deteriorated to the degree that Kona's residents'
quality of life, visitors' regional experience, and overall public safety
suffered.
4.1.2 Overall Strategy
Widening, improving, and extending major arterials, as well as
increasing connectivity between and within existing and future
development are necessary to enhance mobility in Kona. Priority
arterial highway projects include widening Queen Ka'ahumanu
Highway between Henry Street and the airport,
Kuakini Highway Widening between Henry Street
and Kamehameha III Road, and the construction
of the Mamalahoa Highway Bypass Road and
Kahului-Keauhou Parkway. The proposed
Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) will add
capacity to the north -south arterial network, and
reduce demands on the existing regional facilities.
It would also serve as the central multi -modal
corridor serving future regional development. A
series of east -west (mauka-makai) collector roads
linking the regional north -south facilities must also
be provided for added circulation and to further
reduce the reliance upon the regional facilities. In addition, future urban development must contribute
to a well-connected local transportation network that provides for safe, direct, and convenient access
for automobile, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic. Local streets include all streets that are not designated
as collectors or arterials. Although local streets are not designed for through or heavy traffic, the
connectivity of these streets with each other and with collectors is crucial ensuring that residents can
easily reach destinations within the community.
Mobility co
vN
t"
s
m
N
Relationship of Functionally Classified
Systems Serving Traffic Mobility and
Land Access: Arterials for main movement
or distribution emphasize the high level of
mobility for through movement Collectors
offer approximately balanced service for
both functions.
KONA CDP 4-5
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
The design of local streets also plays an important role in affecting traffic speed and choice of travel
modes. Narrow local streets tend to slow traffic and are more conducive to pedestrian travel. Narrow
local streets also cost less to build and maintain, encourage more efficient land use, and improve
neighborhood character. Narrow streets are an efficient way of connecting the local street system
without encouraging the use of local streets for through or fast moving traffic. Local streets must be
wide enough to accommodate emergency vehicles and provide for on -street parking.
Current budget limitations will hinder rapid major investment in public road improvements. But, even if
immediate financing and approvals were available to improve roadways, other solutions to Kona's long
term traffic woes, are necessary. There are several other major strategies that embody the Guiding
Principles expressed in Sections 4.3 Land Use, 4.5 Housing, and 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure
and Services. They relate to transportation, housing, land use, and infrastructure that needs to be
integrated and incorporated into Kona's long-term transportation policies as Kona's population
continues to grow in the years ahead. These strategies include the following:
1. Mass Transit. A major expansion of the County's public mass transit service in Kona would
provide significant alternatives to individual automobile use.
2. Multi -Modal Transportation. Taking advantage of Kona's consistently mild climate, a
network of interconnected bike lanes, trails, and sidewalks within and outside road right-of-
ways would provide a healthy and green alternative to automobile use.
3. Transit -Oriented Development (TOD). The development of compact, mixed-use villages
which would integrate housing, employment, shopping, and recreation opportunities. Villages
would be designed around transit stations/stops which would reduce the need for daily trips
and financially support the expanded transit system.
4. Multi -Purpose Design. Beyond getting us from one place to another, our transportation
corridors are major public spaces that must safely accommodate uses other than _vehicular
travel.
5. Safety and Aesthetic Qualities. Safety and aesthetic qualities need to play a larger role in
improving existing and designing future roadways, in order to contribute to Kona's quality of life
and tourism appeal.
6. Affordable Housing. Affordable housing located near major employment centers would serve
to decrease the number of people who fill the roadways commuting long distances to work
every day. These housing policies, which recognize their relationship to transportation, are
addressed in the Section 4.5: Housing.
4.1.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Transportation Goal: An efficient, safe, and attractive multi -modal transportation system
integrated with land use planning that allows movement around and through Kona with minimal-
reliance
inimal-
reliance on the automobile.
Objective TRAN-1: Transportation and Land Use. To organize growth on a regional level in Kona,
growth should be compact and transit -supportive. Compact mixed-use villages along transit routes
provide sufficient densities to support transit feasibility and enable people to meet a variety of daily
needs within walking distance.
4-6 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES & ACT/ONS TRANSPORTATION
Policy TRAN-1.1: Official Transportation Network Map. The Official Transportation
Network Map shall show proposed transit routes, proposed arterials and collectors, and
pedestrian/bicycle paths (see Figures 4-2a to 4-2d). This map shall designate the functional
classification of the roadway. The purpose of this map is to show intended interconnections,
plan and preserve these corridors, budget public improvements, and provide notice to affected
landowners of potential impacts from these projects.
Action TRAN-1.1a: Adopts Official Transportation Network Map (Enacted by
plan).
Action TRAN-1.1b: Update the accuracy of the Official Transportation Network
Maps with alignment locations as they are determined through preliminary
engineering reports or other plans and/or studies (Figures 4.2a and 4-2b) (PD,
on-going).
Policy TRAN-1.2: Trunk Line. The new Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) shall
function as the trunk transit route connecting Kailua Village with the airport, along which transit -
oriented developments (TODs) will be located. As the trunk transit route, there will be future
allowance for a dedicated transit -way within the right-of-way and the headways will be of the
highest among all transit routes in Kona (see Figure 4-2a).
Action TRAN-1.2a: Design and construct Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level
Road) in functional sections.
1) Phase I - Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway
a) Design ready (PD, 1-2)
b) Construction Ready (DPW, 2-3)
c) Construct (DOT, DPW, 3-5)
2) Phase 11— Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lan! Street
a) Design Ready (PD, 11-2)
b) Construction Ready (DPW, 2.3)
c) Construct (DPW, 3-5)
3) Phase III — Hina Lan! Street to Ka`iminani Drive
a) Design Ready (PD, 5.10)
b) Construction Ready (DPW, 5.10)
c) Construct (DPW, 5-10)
4) Phase IV— Ka`lminani Drive to University Drive
a) Design Ready (Private, 1.2)
b) Construction Ready (Private, 3.5)
c) Construct (Private, 3-5)
Policy TRAN-1.3: Spacing of TODs along Trunk Line. Transit -Oriented Development
TOD) Urban Villages shall be located a minimum of one mile apart, between major transit
stations, along Keohokalole Highway trunk route in order to preserve the transit efficiency of
this route.
KONA CDP 4-7
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
TRANSPORTATIONPOLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Action TRAN-1.3a: General locations of TODs have been determined by the
Official Kona Land Use Map. (see Policy LU -2.3 and Figure 4.7) (Enacted by
plan).
Policy TRAN-1.4: Secondary Transit Route. A secondary transit route shall connect Kailua
Village with Keauhou and also serve the areas mauka of Queen Ka'ahumanu and Kuakini
Highways (see Figure 4-2a). As a secondary transit route, transit will share the vehicular travel
lane, and its headways will be equal or less than the trunk route. Any new developments along
these routes shall pay their proportionate share for the frontage road costs and provide transit
stops or stations.
Action TRAN-1.4a: Establish bus routes on existing streets along the
designated Secondary Transit Route (MT, on-going)
Action TRAN-1.4b: Establish bus routes on proposed streets as they are built
along the designated Secondary Transit Route (MT, on-going).
Action TRAN-1.4c: Provide bus maintenance facility in the Kona Urban Area
UA) to support the expanded bus service (see Figure 4.10c) (MT, 5-10)
Policy TRAN-1.5: Frontage Road. A frontage road makai of the Queen Ka'ahumanu
Highway,"or, if permitted by DOT, within the 300 -foot wide Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway right-
of-way between the airport and Honokohau Harbor shall serve as a Secondary Transit Route.
It will enable the consolidation of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway vehicular access points for the
developments makai of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway.
Action TRAN-1.5a: Design and construct Frontage Road.
1) Phase I —Airport to Huliko`a Drive
a) Coordinate design and intersections with the DOT's Queen Ka'ahumanu
Highway widening (PD, DOT, 1-2)
b) Coordinate financing with public and private owners (PD, Fin., 1-2) .
c) Obtain permit approvals (PD, 2.3)
2) Phase II — National Park Service (NPS) Section
a) Determine alignment within 300 foot right-of-way or NPS property (PD,
NPS, 3.5)
3) Connect to Kuakini Highway extension
a) Coordinate financing and construction with DLNRIDHHL and QLT (PD,
DPW, DLNRIDHHL, QLT, 3-5)
Policy TRAN-1.6: Kailua or Makaeo Village as a Transit Hub. The redevelopment of Kailua
shall include a plan to create an intra -Kona transportation service, with Kailua Village or
Makaeo Village as the "hub" or transit center. Buses would operate from Captain Cook to the
Kailua or. Makaeo Village hub. At the hub, buses would intersect with other routes operating
4-8 KONA CDP
Makalawena
o.
Keahole
A
Legend
Proposed Roads, Classification"
CDP, Local
CDP, collector, major
CDP, collector, minor
GP, arterial
GP, collector, major
GP, collector, minor
Proposed Transit Line`
nun Trunk
Secondary
Transit Hub -
Transit Station-
TOD Type
Neighborhood
Regional Center
Kona Urban Area
ORural Town TODs
Existing Roadway
Policy Layer
0 1 2 4
Miles
1 inch equals 2 miles
Source: County of Hawaii
The County of Hawaii Planning Department
is the repository of the official map.
Kailua
Keauhou
Kaawaloa
Napoopoo
0
a.
0
Honaunau
Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 4-2a
Official Transportation Network Map - Proposed Roads and Transit
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
This page intentionally left blank.
4-10 KONA CDP
0.
n
Kailua
Keauhou
HE
Legend
Pedestrian -Bike Paths (CDP)'
TYPE
Lane
Path
Path -s
Ped-sw
Ped -trail
Shared
m Shoulder 1
OKona Urban Area
17-1 Rural Town TODs L'
TOD Type
Neighborhood
Regional Center Kealakekua
Existing Roadway
Policy Layer
0 1 2 4
Miles
1 inch equals 2 miles
Source: County of Hawaii
The County of Hawaii Planning Department
is the repository of the official map.
0
0
U
Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 4-2b
Official Transportation Network Map - Pedestrian and Bike Paths
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLIC/ES, AND ACT/ONS
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4-12 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLlclES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION
from Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), the frontage road, and other Kona destinations.
Transfers for continued travel would be made at this location.
Action TRAN-1.6a: Determine the location, design, and function of the major
transit hub (MT, PD, 1.2).
Action TRAN-1.6b: Determine funding and construction schedule (MT, PD, 2.3).
Action TRAN-1.6c: Identify Kailua urban transit routes, including phasing and
transfer points (MT, 2-3).
Policy TRAN-1.7: Transit Route to Rural Town Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs).
The existing rural towns between Honalo and Captain Cook are encouraged to be redeveloped
as TODs with Mamalahoa Highway (Highway 190) functioning as a Secondary Transit Route
connecting these villages to Kailua or Makaeo Village.
Action TRAN-1.7a: Establish a route to Kailua or Makaeo Village with enhanced
frequency and in coordination with rural paratransit service (MT, 1-2).
Action TRAN-1.7b: Master plan transit stations in coordination with Rural Town
redevelopment (MT, PD, 3.5).
Also refer to Policy LU -3.1 and Figure 4.3b.
Objective TRAN-2 Street Network Connectivity. To develop a system of interconnected roads in
Kona that will provide alternative transportation routes that will disperse automobile trips and reduce
their length, while not compromising the through functions of arterials and major collectors with
excessive intersections.
A highly connected transportation system within Kona's Urban Area (UA) serves to do the following:
a) provides safe choices for drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians;
b) promotes walking and bicycling;
c) connects neighborhoods to each other and to popular destinations, such as schools, parks,
shopping, libraries, and post offices, among others;
d) provides opportunities for residents to increase their level of physical activity each day by creating
walkable neighborhoods with adequate connections to destinations;
e) reduces vehicle miles traveled and travel time, thus improving air quality and mitigating the effects
of auto emissions on the health of residents and the environment;
f) reduces emergency response times;
g) increases effectiveness of municipal service delivery;
h) restores arterial street capacity to better serve regional long-distance travel needs; and
i) provides increased emergency evacuation opportunities.
KONA CDP 4-15
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
TRANSPORTAT/ON POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
New development that is not well-connected with existing neighborhoods contributes more cars and
creates greater traffic congestion on collector roads. When new development is integrated into existing
street patterns, providing additional choices for movement in and out of the neighborhood, new
developments can actually increase connectivity within the region.
Policy TRAN-2.1: Connectivity Standards. Connectivity refers to the directness of links and
the density of connections that make up the transportation network. Within the Kona Urban
Area (UA) new development shall contribute to this interconnected transportation network of
streets, pedestrian, and bicycle access that work to disperse traffic and connect and integrate
new development with the existing fabric of the community. Proposals for new development or
redevelopment within Kona's UA shall meet the following connectivity standards:
Maximum Block Size. In lieu of Hawai'i County Code (HCC) Section 23-29(c), the
maximum length of blocks for predominantly residential subdivisions shall be 800 feet,
unless unfeasible due to natural topography, protected resources, or surrounding
development patterns.
2. Connection to Adjoining Development. The road system for new development shall
contribute to the local transportation network. To supplement HCC Section 23-40, at a
minimum, new subdivisions shall incorporate and continue all collector streets, and
selected local streets to adjoining property. If a portion of the stub -out is not improved, the
current developer shall improve the stub -out portion. Connection to adjoining properties
may not be required if seriously constrained by topography or other physical hindrances, or
in cases where through travel cannot occur because the property is bounded by
development with private streets previously allowed.
3. Gated Entry. In the Kona UA, gates will be prohibited across new roadways identified to
service the local transportation network.
4. Cul-de-sacs Discouraged. Cul-de-
sacs are discouraged based on Policy
TRAN-2,1 (1) Maximum Block Size
and Policy TRAN-2.1 (2) Connection
to Adjoining Property unless
construction of a through street is
found to be impracticable. Where cul-
de-sacs or dead-end streets are
allowed, they shall meet the prevailing
standards in the Chapter 23
Subdivision Code.
5. Future Extensions. Roads serving future transportation interconnectivity will be identified
for any proposed subdivision located adjacent to a vacant parcel. To supplement HCC
Section 23-44, where necessary to give access to or permit a satisfactory future
subdivision of adjoining land, or to conform with the Official Transportation Network Map
4-16 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES & ACT/ONS TRANSPORTATION
Figures 4-2a to 4-2d), a street stub -out or pedestrian path improved to the boundary is
required unless financially guaranteed to enable the County to coordinate the stub -out
construction as a regional project or in coordination with the development of the adjoining
property. Applicants submitting preliminary development plans shall provide for extension
of selected local streets to adjoining undeveloped properties and eventual connection with
the existing street system. Within phased subdivisions, temporary stub -outs shall be
required.
Connectivity. In the Kona UA, all new roads that will serve as part of the interconnecting
roadway system shall be dedicated to the County.
Action TRAN-2.1a: Amends Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to incorporate
connectivity standards (Enacted by plan).
Policy TRAN-2.2: Access Management. To preserve the through functions of arterials and
major collectors, driveway access along new arterials and major collectors shall be minimized
to the greatest extent consistent with the need to provide access to adjoining property. Access
to such adjoining properties shall be planned to occur from local streets, and not from the
arterial or collector road, whenever possible. On existing arterials and major collectors, the
number of access driveways currently permitted shall not be increased, and when
development is proposed that would increase the usage of an existing driveway access, every
effort should be made to eliminate the driveway access in favor of access at an existing or
planned intersection. Four-way intersections with arterials and major collectors shall be
permitted only as shown on the Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d), in
order to preserve the through functions of arterials and major collectors.
Action TRAN-2.2a: Update the Official Transportation Network Maps with
intersection locations as they are determined through preliminary engineering
reports or other plans and/or studies (Figures 4-2a and 4.2b) (PD, on-going).
Objective TRAN-3. Multi -Modal System. To develop a multi -modal transportation system to
encourage walking, biking, transit, and other non -vehicular modes of travel. A multi -modal system
needs to be attractive, safe, comfortable, convenient, accessible, environmentally friendly, and
affordable. Such a system would reduce congestion, improve air quality, reduce fuel consumption, and
increase healthy activity. Not only would the system enhance the mobility of the elderly and youth, who
do not drive, it would also make it possible for residents to divert automobile ownership expenses to
other daily needs, such as a homeownership mortgage or insurance. The network could connect
pathways within and outside of street rights-of-way. The system should provide convenient transfers
between modes of transportation.
Policy TRAN-3.1: Street Standards. County street standards should be pedestrian -friendly,
safely accommodate bicycles, accessible to the disabled, and appropriate for its surrounding
land use context.
KONA CDP 4-17
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Action TRAN-3.1a: Complete on-going effort to revise County of Hawaii Street
Standards (PD, 1-2).
Policy TRAN-3.2: Public Right -of -Way Maintenance. Recognizing that the County is not
currently staffed or equipped to maintain landscaping within street rights -of -ways, a
combination of new and existing tools, both public and private, shall be developed to
implement a landscaping maintenance program.
Action TRAN-3.2a: Determine staffing and equipment requirements for
landscaping maintenance program (DPW, PD, 1-2).
Action TRAN-3.2b: Identify financing tools for maintenance programs through
public financing plan (DPW, PD, Fin., 2.3).
Action TRAN-3.2c: Implement financing plan for maintenance programs (DPW,
PD, Fin., 2.3).
Policy TRAN-3.3: Right -of -Way Landscaping. Recognizing that the availability of water
should dictate the nature of landscaping within public rights-of-way, lusher landscaping shall be
provided on streets where reclaimed wastewater will be available for irrigation as noted on the
Official Public Facilities and Services Map (see Figure 4-10c), and xeriscape landscaping shall
be the preference where reclaimed wastewater is not available.
Action TRAN-3.3a: Designates the reclaimed wastewater zone on Figure 4-10c
Official Public Facilities and Services Map (Enacted by plan).
Action TRAN-3.3b: Establish list of recommended vegetation, in consultation
with the Kona Outdoor Circle, as an amendment to the County of Hawaii Street
Standards (PD, DPW, 2.3).
Policy TRAN-3.4: Retrofit of Existing Streets. To the extent practicable, pedestrian
improvements and/or bicycle accommodations shall be added to existing public streets when
repaving or doing other repair or maintenance work, especially on those streets identified for
such multi -modal purposes in the Official Transportation Network Map (see Figure 4-2b).
4-18 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES &A cTioNs TRANSPORTAT/ON
Action TRAN-3.4a: Identify high priority retrofits and coordinate with DPW (PD,
DPW, 2.3).
Action TRAN-3.4b: Obtain DPW's repaving and repair project schedule and
coordinate retrofits in conjunction with those projects (DPW, PD, 2-3).
Policy TRAN-3.5: Safe Routes to Schools. Every public elementary school in Kona shall
have a Safe Routes to School program.
Action TRAN-3.5a: Identify high priority routes in coordination with DOE, DOT
and DPW (DPW, DOE, DOT, PATH, 3.5).
Policy TRAN-3.6: Multi -Modal Network. The Official Transportation Network Map (Figures
4-2a to 4-2d) shall designate a system of pedestrian and bicycle paths to use as a guide for
street design, public improvements, and subdivision improvements. Recognizing that the
appropriate type of facility may evolve, the Implementation Committee (see Chapter 5) shall
have the authority to change the designated type and maintain such changes on a database.
Action TRAN-3.6a: Designate multi -modal paths (pedestrian and bicycle) (DPW,
PD, on-going).
Policy TRAN-3.7: Traffic Calming Standards. In order to slow traffic for pedestrian safety
or comfort, standards for traffic calming shall be included, as part of the County of Hawai'i
Street Standards.
Action TRAN-3.7a: Develop criteria for selecting and determining appropriate
traffic calming tools as part of the on-going revision of the County of Hawai'i
Street Standards (DPW, PD, 2.3).
Policy TRAN-3.8: Inter -Modal Connections. To facilitate the transfer between modes of
travel:
KONA CDP
Automobile/Transit and Bike/Transit Transfer. Park and ride facilities are desirable
and must be built to ameliorate the traffic congestion in Kona. A transit station or
transit hub will be located within each of the TODs, as shown in the Official
Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d). Park and ride facilities will be
provided in the vicinity of the transit station and transit hub. Park and ride facilities
shall include storage for bicycles.
2. Ground/Air Transfer. The transit and bicycle network shown on the Official
Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d) shall provide connections from
major residential areas to the airport. The Kona International Airport's Master Plan
should include accommodations for transit and bicycles.
4-19
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES, AND ACT/ONS
3. Bike/Transit Transfer and Beach Accommodation. To the extent feasible, public
transit should have the ability to carry bicycles and surfboards.
Action TRAN-3.8a: Master plan, design, and construct park and ride facilities
MT, 1-2).
Action TRAN-3.8b: Coordinate inter -modal connection with Kona International
Airport Master Plan (MT, PD, DOT, on-going).
Action TRAN-3.8c: Investigate beach service options (MT, 1.2).
Objective TRAN-4 Non -Structural Solutions to Manage Congestion. To manage peak -hour traffic
using a diversity of non-structural approaches in order to reduce congestion on Kona roads, while
acknowledging that building new roads is only one of many needed solutions.
4-20
Policy TRAN4.1: Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Solutions. The County
government will educate its community on the value of a rideshare program and provide
incentives towards its use; the County will encourage flexible hours among its staff and
workers and educate by example; or the County will encourage the community to reach and
adopt innovative solutions to transportation demand.
The community will recognize all employers in Kona who do their part to either, participate in
the County's Rideshare Program, subsidize transit costs for their employees, provide flexible
work hours or work -at-home options, or use other innovative programs to reduce reliance on
the automobile for work-related trips.
Action TRAN-4.1a: Implement Rideshare Program for County employees (MT,
Mayor's, 2.3).
Action TRAN-4.1b: Identify major employers to initiate TDM programs (MT, 2.3).
Policy TRAN-4.2: Commuter Transit Service. Express bus commuter routes and schedules
should be provided to major employment centers.
Action TRAN-4.2a: Evaluate work shifts of major employers in relation to
existing bus schedules and routes (MT, 1-2).
Action TRAN-4.2b: Request major employers to contribute toward subsidizing
commuter transit service (Businesses, 1-2).
Policy TRAN4.3: Managed Parking. New construction in Transit -Oriented Developments
TODs) shall provide parking in accordance with the Village Design Guidelines in Attachment
B, which were designed to limit parking as a means of discouraging automobile trips to TODs.
The public improvements program, as part of the TOD Master Plan, centralized public parking
KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES & ACT/ONS TRANSPORTATION
facilities shall be included. Public parking fees should be set low enough to be affordable yet
high enough to discourage automobile use.
Action TRAN4.3a: Identify centralized public parking as part of the TOD Village
Master Plans (PD, developers, on-going).
Action TRAN4.3b: Identify centralized public parking as part of the Kailua
Redevelopment Plan (PD, KBID, on-going).
Action TRAN4.3c: Investigate appropriate parking fees (PD, KVBID,1.2).
Objective TRAN-5 Rural Transit. To provide a paratransit system for Kona — with emphasis on
mauka areas and South Kona recognizing that a rural population cannot support an urban transit
system.
Policy TRAN-5.1: Paratransit. An affordable public paratransit system shall serve the
general public of South Kona (i.e., it should not be restricted by age or disabilities).
Action TRAN-5.1a: Establish fares for seniors, disabled, students, and general
public. (MT, 1.2)
Action TRAN-5.1b: Commence shuttle service using mini -vans and small buses
i.e. Handi-Van) (MT, 1-2).
Action TRAN-5.1c: Modify shared ride taxi program to use coupons for the first
nine (9) miles and to allow starting the meter after nine (9) miles (MT, 1.2).
Objective TRAN-6 Concurrency. To manage the timing of growth so as to avoid overloading the
arterial system.
Policy TRAN-6.1: Official Concurrency
Map. The Kona UA shall be designated as a
critical road area", as defined in HCC 25-2-46.
Rezonings within the Kona UA shall comply
with the Official Concurrency Map (see Table
4-1 and Figure 4-3), which identifies the road
segments to be constructed concurrent with
occupancy of units as the minimum "area
mitigation", as defined in HCC 25-2-46(Zoning
Code).
The Official Concurrency Map assumes:
1. The widening of Queen Ka'ahumanu
Highway to four lanes from the Kona
Critical road area" means a geographical area
where any of the transportation facilities serving
the area have been determined by the Council to
be worse than the acceptable level of service.
Area mitigation" consists of improvements which
increase the capacity of an arterial or other major
road, such as additional lanes, in the general
region containing the project, or construction of a
new arterial or collector road in the general area
containing the project, or improvements to public
transportation such as buses or park and ride
facilities, sufficient to offset the traffic demand
generated by the project.
HCC 25-2-46
Zoning Code
KONA CDP 4-21
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
International Airport to Henry Street, and
2. Completion of the Mamalahoa Bypass Road to the Napo'opo'o junction.
Any rezoning outside of a designated TOD within the Kona UA approved prior to completion of
the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway widening to the Airport shall restrict occupancy until this
widening project is completed. Any rezoning in South Kona approved prior to the completion
of the Mamalahoa Bypass Road shall restrict occupancy until this bypass project is completed.
This policy does not apply to projects exempt under concurrency provisions in HCC Section
25-2-46 (e.g. affordable housing).
The Concurrency Map shall distinguish the current planning status of the corridor alignment.
Table 4-1 shows the roadway corridors that shall be built concurrently within the concurrency
zone and/or TOD Village. Other roadway corridors shown on the Concurrency Map, but not
listed in Table 4-1 are part of the proposed roadway network, but are not critical to concurrency
determinations.
Action TRAN-6.1a: Adopts Concurrency Map (Enacted by plan).
Policy TRAN-6.2: Prioritized Road Improvements. In order to rectify existing deficiencies
and influence the pattern of future growth and new roads, the following are priorities:
Kahului-Keauhou Parkway
Mamalahoa Bypass
Keanalehu Street-Manuwale'a Street
Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase I Palani to Kealakehe Parkway
Kamanu Street Extension
La'aloa Street Extension
Lako Street Extension
Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase II, Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani
Street
Nani Kailua Street Extension
a. Makai section (Kuakini Highway to Ali'i Drive)
b. Mauka section (HualMai Road to Kuakini Highway)
Kealaka'a Street Extension
Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase III, Hina Lani Street to Ka'iminani.
Drive
Hienaloli Street Extension
University Drive
Action T— 6.2a: Develop financing plan for streets according to the priorities listed in
Policy TRAN-6.2 (PD, DPW, Fin., 1-2).
4-22 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POL/C/ES & ACT/ONS TRANSPORTATION
Table 4.1
Concurrency Table
Concurrency Zone Roadway and ID No.
4A — Queen Ka'ahumanu Frontage Road and provide adequate
A access to Queen Ka'ahumanu Frontage Road. (Keahole Road to
Huliko'a Drive)
1 — University Drive Extension (Mamalahoa Highway to Keohokalole
Highway, a.k.a Mid -Level Road)
2 — University Drive (Ma'alea Drive to Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway)
B 3A — Main Street (Ka'iminani Drive to University Drive)
6A — Keohokalole Highway, (University Drive to Ka'iminani Drive)
7 — Kealaka'a Street (Kukuna Street to north end) and/or provide
adequate interconnectivity to surrounding area
University Village 2 — University Drive (Ma'alea Drive to Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway)
3A — Main Street (Ka'iminani Drive to University Drive)
Kalaoa Village None (infill)
Connection between Kaiminani Drive and Hina Lani Street: 3B or 56/5A or
56/66
C 38 — Main Street (Ka'iminani Drive to Hina Lan! Street)
5A — Keohokalole Arteriall
5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street)
6B — Keohokalole Highway (Kapuahi Street -to Keohokalole Arterial)
D 9A — Kealaka'a Street (Extend Holoholo Street to Hina Lani Street)
5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street) (portion
Kaloko Makai Village within development project)
5C — Keohokalole Highway (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway)
5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street)
E None
F 3C - Kamanu Street Extension (to Kealakehe Parkway)
Honkohau Village 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street)
continued on next page
KoNA CDP 4-23
TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Table 4.1 (continued)
Concurrency Table
Concurrency Zone Roadway ID No. and Name
5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street)
G portion within development project)
5C — Keohokalole Highway (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway)
5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street)
Keahuolu Village 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street)
18 — Makala Blvd. Extension (any development makai of 5D)
H 9B — Kealaka'a Street (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway)
9C — Kealaka'a Street (Kealakehe Parkway to Hao Kuni Street)
1 46— Kuakini Extension Collector (Kealakehe Parkway to Old Airport)
Makaeo Village 413— Kuakini Extension Collector (Kealakehe Parkway to Old Airport)
Kailua Village None (infill) Redevelopment
Pua'a-Wa'iaha Village 19C — Kakalina Street Extension (Nani Kailua Drive to Puapua'anui Street)
Kahului- Puapua'a Village 29 — Puapua'anui Street Extension
J 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street)
19A-Kakalina Street Extension (to Puapua'anui Street))
19B-Kakalina Street Extension(E. Kakalina Street to 19A) (any development
K south of Malulani Drive)
20 — Hienaloli Street Extension (Palani Street to Keolani Drive)
21 -Connector 4 (Hienaloli Street Ext. to Kakalina St. Ext.)
L 30A — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kuakini Highway)
31— Lako Street Extension
30B — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kamehameha III Road)
M 31— Lako Street Extension
32 — La'aloa Street Extension
30B — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kamehameha III Road)
Kahalu`u Makai Village 33 — Connector 9
34 — Connector 10
4-24 KONA CDP
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TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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4-26 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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4.2 LAND USE
The Land Use section of the Kona CDP serves as
policy guide for County decisions regarding physical
development. It establishes a physical framework for
future growth by identifying the County's major
policies concerning the type and location of future
development in order to meet the goals and
objectives of the Kona CDP.
4.2.1 Existing Conditions
The County of Hawai'i General Plan Land Use
Pattem Allocation Guide (LUPAG) controls long-term
land use pattern in this County. Figure 44 shows
the LUPAG designations for the Kona area. Figure
4-5 simplifies the LUPAG map to show the areas
designated for urban development (High Density
Urban, Medium Density Urban, Low Density Urban,
Industrial, Resort Node, Resort, and University),
urban expansion, rural, and open areas (Important
Agricultural, Extensive Agricultural, Orchards,
Conservation, and Open).
Guiding Principles Land Use
1. Protect Kona's natural resources
and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages, preserving
Kona's rural, diverse, and historical
character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant
economy emphasizing agriculture
and sustainable economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
The zoning designation is a more detailed control of land use. The zoning and LUPAG should be
consistent. ' For example, for the LUPAG High Density Urban designation, consistent zoning
designations include commercial (CG -commercial general, CV -commercial village), multi -family
residential (RM), or mixed-use (RCX). Figure 4-6 shows the areas zoned for urban development. The
areas on the LUPAG that are designated for urban development or urban expansion (as shown in
Figure 4-6), but not currently zoned for urban development, are potential areas for rezoning.
Comparing the LUPAG and zoning maps, the amount of potential land available for rezoning, far
exceeds the amount of land needed to accommodate future growth projections. This excess could
encourage a low-density sprawling growth pattern. In fact, this has been the past trend. Kona
experienced,a significant increase in land development from the mid -1990's to the present. The rate of
land consumption exceeded the rate of housing production. In the period between 1995 and 2005, the
amount of developed land increased by 3,582 acres 8 at a rate of over 350 acres annually. Developed
8 Developed Land: Environmental Simulation Center, (2006) Based on Parcel/TMK maps from the County of Hawaii (2005).
Additional data provided by the County of Hawaii tax assessors office. Includes all parcels where the primary use is either
Residential", "Apartment", "Commercial", "Industrial", and "Hotel and Resort" (PITT codes of 100 — 400 and 700).
Conservation" areas (PITT code 600) are excluded unless they have secondary land use with another PITT code, in which
case the secondary land use is used. "Agricultural and Rural" areas and "Unimproved Residential" (PITT code 500 and
800) are considered undeveloped, EXCEPT if the lot size is less than 5 acres AND the improvement values on the property
exceed $30,000 per acre.
KONA CDP 4-27
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Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 4-6
Generalized Zoning
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES, ..
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS LAND USE
land increased at a rate of 9% annually, while population increased at a rate of 2.4% annually, and
housing units increased at a rate of 5.5% annually. Land in Kona is being developed at a rate that is
nearly 4 times population growth and almost 2 times housing unit growth.
These land use trends are helping to define Kona's land use policies and strategies:
Competing Values for Coastal Land. As a limited and valuable resource in Kona, policies
need to balance competing opportunities for environmental protection, economic development,
and public open space.
Affordable Housing. The quality of the neighborhoods, and housing stock within them, are
key indicators of a high quality of life. The insufficient and aging housing stock, and increasing
demands for alternative housing types, will continue to be important trends influencing policies.
Mixed -Use Developments. There is a growing demand for development that is mixed-use,
well-designed, walkable, and higher density. These developments are an important
opportunity for redevelopment, infill, and new developments in strategic areas.
Public -Private Partnership. The lack of public infrastructure, coupled with the desire to
maintain healthy neighborhoods and business areas, support the need for the County to work
with the private sector in the land development process. Growth and change in Kona will be
the result of public and private partnerships.
Emphasis on Redevelopment. To preserve open space, existing developments are
expected to be infilled and redeveloped.
Emphasis on Rural Character and Agriculture. There is a long-standing need to protect the
rural lifestyle of Kona, which includes mauka Villages and surrounding agricultural lands and
open space.
Related trends can also be found in the Section 4.5 Housing.
4.2.2 Overall Strategy
The current application of State and County land use regulations is not necessarily an integrated
approach. The preference to encourage future urban and rural growth to occur in the form of compact,
village -style development was a very strong message from the public meetings. The Kona CDP
provides an integration mechanism as a means to avoid the current trend toward sprawling lot -density
developments, disconnected subdivisions and business centers, and a general decline in the quality of
life that people believe reflects the "Kona Way of Life."
The overall land use strategy is to proactively implement public policy through a regional framework for
growth. While respecting landowner entitlements, this framework provides additional direction so that
individual planning decisions are made as part of a larger, integrated program for achieving an efficient
growth pattern, optimizing investment in services and infrastructure, protecting the natural environment
and cultural resources, and creating opportunities to enhance the quality of life for Kona's residents.
KONA CDP 4-31
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
LAND USE POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Such a framework provides greater certainty and predictability for the community, government, and
private sector, allowing all three to participate in a synchronized move towards a mutually planned
future.
The legally binding policies in this section, as defined in 4.0 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Actions, do
not override or invalidate existing zoning. Such legally binding policies, however, shall be implemented
with new changes of zone, time extensions on existing zoning requiring County Council action, state
land use boundary amendments, and Special Management Area (SMA) permits, when applicable.
Where such policies modify subdivision standards and requirements, they would only apply to
subdivision applications received after the effective date of the ordinance enacting the Kona CDP.
Variances to policies modifying subdivision standards and requirements may be applied for in
accordance with the standards and procedures set forth in the Subdivision Code.
Establishment of priorities for the investment of public resources for new infrastructure and services will
be linked to the regional land use framework.
The regional land use framework, restated from the Guiding Principles (Section 3.2) is as follows:
Urban Area. Most of the future growth in Kona will be
directed to an Urban Area (UA) defined in the Official
Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7). Within this Kona
Urban Area, growth would be directed to compact
villages located along proposed transit routes or to
infill areas within, or adjacent to, existing
development. The general locations of these villages
are within the Growth Opportunity Areas (GOAs)
identified during the public meetings that evolved into
the Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs).
Rural Area. Outside of the Kona Urban Area, the
character of the rural areas should prevail. This
means that limited future growth should be directed to
the existing rural towns and villages in a way that
revitalizes and enhances the existing rural lifestyle
and culture of those communities. Outside of these--
towns and villages, the protection of important
agricultural land is a priority objective. Protecting Map identifying the Growth Opportunity Areas
these lands requires regulations and incentives that (GOAs).
will keep these lands available for agricultural use.
Any development outside of the rural towns and villages should be directed to suitable areas
that are not important for agriculture, in clustered patterns that will optimize the preservation of
rural open space.
Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map. Within and outside the Kona Urban
Area, the LUPAG map designates areas for resort, high density urban, medium density urban,
4-32 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE
low density urban, industrial, and university areas. The plan supports these existing
designations. Any amendments to the LUPAG map not consistent with the Figure 4-7 Official
Kona Land Use Map would be contrary to the land use framework envisioned by this plan.
Green Areas. The areas where growth should not occur also determines the framework and
pattern of growth. These areas are identified and discussed in Section 4.3 Environmental
Resources.
The following "tools" are used to conform growth to the land use framework:
1. To encourage growth towards the Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs):
a) Design Flexibility. To collaboratively learn and apply the best available practices, a
Design Center (see Policy LU4.1) will provide an inviting venue to brainstorm ideas
among applicants, government officials, and community members. The Village Design
Guidelines (Attachment B) provide the minimum standards for TODsITNDs, but do not
rigidly constrain creativity.
b) Streamlined Permit Processing.
Flexible approval. The Official Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7) approximately
locates the TODs, but it does not change the existing zoning until a rezoning with an
approved master plan for the TOD defines the metes and bounds of this TOD. In
other words, the TODs are "floating" zones that subsequently need to be anchored
by rezoning to a specific area. However, as long as the proposed rezoning
conforms with the Kona CDP in terms of general location and concept, the legislative
rezoning approval should be expedited. Subsequent refinements in the master plan
can then be done by administrative approval.
Concurrent environmental review. An Environmental Assessment (EA) or
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), usually triggered by use of public lands or
public funds, will accompany the master plan and will be reviewed at the same time.
By doing the environmental review at the master plan level, subsequent projects
within the TOD will be relieved of this requirement.
Concurrent State Land Use Boundary Amendment. In cases where a State Land
Use Boundary Amendment is necessary, the County will assist with the petition and
processing.
Permit coordination. For those applicants who use the services of the Design
Center, a County employee will be assigned to assist in identifying the various
permit requirements, suggest a work plan to coordinate the permit requirements, and
follow through with various agencies to avoid delays.
c) Increased Range of Permitted Uses and Densities. As an incentive, the TODs
substantially increase the permitted uses and densities over the existing zoning. In
partial return for this additional density, the master plan will need to incorporate a
minimum level of affordable housing (discussed further in the Section 4.5 Housing),
provide a variety of open spaces within the TOD, and preserve open space around the
TOD, in perpetuity.
KONA CDP 4-33
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
LAND USE POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
d) Prioritized Essential Infrastructure. Government capital improvements programs will
give priority to servicing the TODs, particularly with regard to roads, water, and sewer
discussed further in Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services). Where
regional drainage systems are appropriate, the County will coordinate such
improvements.
e) Public Financing of Infrastructure. In recognition of the regional benefits of major
roads and transit stations, these types of improvements within TODs shall be funded
with general revenue funding sources.
Concurrency Requirements. The TOD Village Master Plan will control the provision of
infrastructure relative to build out. Therefore, the countywide concurrency requirements
will be met for projects within TODs.
g) Vested Rights. A TOD Village Master Plan, based on the Village Design Guidelines
Attachment B), will be built out over a number of years. Investors require certainty; in
return, the community and government expect performance on promises. The reciprocal
commitments set forth in the master plan would be secured by a development
agreement that will include a Phasing Plan. The agreement will specify the developers
commitment to provide certain public facilities. In return, government will provide a
commitment to complete certain public infrastructure by a certain date.
h) Redevelopment Authority. In order to spur the redevelopment of Kailua Village as a
TOD, redevelopment can be stimulated and coordinated by either an expanded business
improvement district or the establishment of a redevelopment authority.
2. To encourage village -style development outside of TODs within the Urban Area:
a) Already Zoned. For undeveloped areas already zoned residential, commercial, or
industrial, the intent is to encourage a more creative mix of uses and density, by
clustering to create open spaces and pedestrian -oriented streetscapes. The Kona CDP
creates an overlay zone for these areas to allow an administrative review of a master
plan consistent with Village Design Guidelines.
b) Need Rezoning. For areas zoned agricultural within the Kona Urban Area (UA), a new
type of Project District (as defined in the Chapter 25 Zoning Code) is created called the
Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND). Although rezoning through a legislative
process is required, the advantages would be similar to a TOD: design flexibility,
concurrent environmental reviews and State Land Use Boundary Amendments, Design
Center services, increased range of permitted uses and density, concurrency waivers,
development agreement options to negotiate public improvements commitments and
other terms.
4-34 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POUC/ES, AND ACT/ONS LAND USE
3. To encourage rural clustered subdivisions:
a) Streamlined Processing. By following the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines
Attachment C), many issues are pre -settled and therefore a shorter definite permit
processing time period is justified. The master plan approval also serves as the tentative
subdivision approval. By using the Design Center, the applicant also receives the
benefit of a county employee assigned to assist with permit coordination.
b) Alternative Standards. The Clustered Rural Subdivision guidelines provide options for
alternate road and wastewater standards.
4.2.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Land Use Goal. Public policies set the foundation and framework within which the community
and private sector work collaboratively towards a shared vision of concentrating growth within
urban villages in North Kona, preserving rural character and agricultural lands, protecting
significant natural and cultural resources, providing a range of housing opportunities, and a
process to constructively, efficiently, and fairly achieve these ends with the best practices and
Objective LU -1: Overall Growth Pattern. To identify areas where higher intensity growth areas
should occur and areas where the rural character and open space along the shoreline should be
preserved.
Policy LU -1.1: Official Kona Land Use Map. The Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure
4-7) shall define the Kona Urban Area (see Policy LU -1.2) and the general locations, spacing,
and type of TOD Villages (see Policies TRAN-1.3 and LU -2.3).
Action LU -1.1a: Adopts Official Kona Land Use Map (Enacted by plan).
Policy LU -1.2: Urban Area. The majority of future growth in Kona shall be directed to the
Kona Urban Area shown on the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7), which spans
from the Kona International Airport to Keauhou subject to the policies set forth under Objective
LU -2 Urban Area Growth Management.
Action LU -1.2a: Defines Kona Urban Area (Enacted by plan).
Policy LU -1.3: Rural Area. The rural area consists of the lands outside of the Kona Urban
Area. Future growth in this area shall be concentrated within and around the existing LUPAG
medium and low density areas, which correspond to the existing rural towns.
Action LU -1.3a: County shall
appropriate to reclassify from
Policies (PD, on-going).
work with State to identify lands that may be
Agriculture to Rural, consistent with Kona CDP
KONA CDP 435
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4-38 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
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Policy LU -1.4: Consistency with Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG). The
current LUPAG accommodates the vision and needs for the Kona CDP area planning horizon
and should be amended only for compelling reasons. Any rezoning application shall be
consistent with the LUPAG.
Policy LU -1.5: Enhanced Shoreline Setback. Beyond the 40 foot shoreline setback
regulated by Hawai'i Revised Statutes (HRS) Sections 205A Part III, the County shall explore
alternatives (e.g., density transfer based on gross density) for the applicant of a Special
Management Area (SMA) Major Permit to dedicate to the government or land trust or
encumber as open space for the purpose of realizing a shoreline linear park along as much of
Kona's coastline as possible. Consistent with the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act
CZMA) and County of Hawai'i General Plan policy to retain open space and protect natural
resources along with public access to and along the shoreline, it shall be a priority of the
County to maintain a minimum of 1,000 -foot open space no -build setback for undeveloped
lands adjacent to the shoreline, on parcels which currently exceed 1,000 feet in depth, in
discretionary land use approvals such as SMA major permits, rezonings, and state land use
boundary amendments. Structures makai of this setback should be for public recreation and
ocean -dependent facilities such as harbor improvements.
Action LU -1.5a: Review rezoning and SMA applications pursuant to Policy LU -
1.4 (PD, on-going).
Action LU -1.5 b: Identify priority shorelines for increased setback as part of
Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network Program (PD, PR, 1.2).
Policy LU -1.6: 17 -Mile Protected Coastline: As part of any discretionary land use approvals
such as SMA major permits, rezonings, and state land use boundary amendments, implement
the vision of a 17 mile long protected stretch of open coastline from Makaeo north to Kikaua Pt.
at the Kuki'o development. Most of this area is already publicly owned and much of it has
already been set aside for park purposes. This incorporates the Kaloko-Honokohau National
Historical Park, the portion of Kohanaiki that will be deeded to the County under the terms of
the existing SMA permit, the makai portion of O'oma 2, NELHA and state lands makai of the
airport runway, to the extent that they can be used for public recreation consistent with the
requirements of NELHA and the airport, the Kekaha Kai State Park, and Makalawena.
Enacted by plan)
Objective LU -2: Urban Area Growth Management. Recognizing that the LUPAG Urban Area is
larger than needed in order to accommodate the projected growth within the planning horizon, future
growth within the Urban Area shall be encouraged in a pattern of compact villages at densities that
support public transit.
Policy LU -2.1: Village Types Defined—Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) vs.
Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TNDs). Both TODs and TNDs are compact
mixed-use villages, characterized by a village center within a higher -density urban core,
KONA CDP 4-39.
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
LAND USE POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
roughly equivalent to a 5 -minute walking radius (1/4 mile), surrounded by a secondary mixed-
use, mixed -density area with an outer boundary roughly equivalent to a 10 -minute walking
radius from the village center (1/2 mile). The distinction between a TOD and TND is that the
approximate location of a TOD is currently designated on the Official Kona Land Use Map
Figure 4-7) along the trunk or secondary transit route and contains a transit station, while TND
locations have not been designated and may be located off of the trunk or secondary transit
route at a.location approved by a rezoning action.
Action LU -2.1a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and TNDs
Enacted by plan).
Action LU -2.1b: Conduct public workshop to educate community, including
landowners, developers, and the public about TODITND Villages (PD, R&D, DC,
1.2).
Action LU -2.1c: Work with landowners, through the Design Center to
encourage proposals consistent with Village Design Guidelines (PD, on-going).
Policy LU -2.2: TODITND Components. The components of a TOD/TND include Urban
Core, Secondary Core, and Greenbelt. A TOD/TND contains a higher density urban core
surrounded by a lower density secondary area. A greenbelt will, in turn, surround and define
the outer edge of the secondary area. (Enacted by plan)
1. Urban Core: To control the scale and intensity
of development within the urban core of a
TOD/TND, there shall be two types of urban
cores:
a. Regional Center. Regional centers are
intended for mixed use and higher -
density residential, retail, commercial,
employment, and/or regional one -of -a -
kind facilities, such as major civic,
medical, education, and entertainment
designed around a Commercial Center,
designed to encourage pedestrian activity.
URBAN CORE
SECONDARY
AREA
GREENBELT
TOD COMPONENTS
facilities. Regional centers shall be .
which is the focus for the Village and
b. Neighborhood Village. Neighborhood Village Core Areas are intended for
predominately residential, public/civic uses, or small-scale neighborhood -oriented
commercial uses. The Core's commercial uses are of a small scale and are
intended to serve the needs of the Village residents. Neighborhood Village Core
Areas shall be designed around a Neighborhood Center. Land uses include
recreational space, small-scale public/civic uses, neighborhood oriented retail
uses, and mixed-use.
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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2. Secondary Area. TODs/TNDs may be surrounded by more auto -oriented, lower -density
areas called "Secondary Areas." The Secondary Areas are within a half -mile of the
TOD/TND urban core. These Secondary Areas take advantage of the services within the
Urban Core through an interconnected street system with easy access to transit by foot,
bike or car. Secondary Areas will be primarily comprised of standard single-family and
multi -family neighborhoods. These areas may also provide more land -extensive uses that
serve TOD/TND residents, such as schools and community parks. Because of their
proximity to the Urban Core, Secondary Areas are ideal for bicycle travel.
Greenbelt. The Greenbelt is an undeveloped area surrounding the Secondary Area. The
Greenbelt is a strategic planning tool to prevent urban sprawl by keeping land permanently
open. The purpose of the Greenbelt is to prevent urban sprawl of the TODs/TNDs,
prevent neighboring towns from merging into one another, and to preserve the setting and
the character of the TODsITNDs. The Greenbelt may also serve multi-purpose uses, such
as for drainage (e.g., flow ways or retention basins), sensitive resource preserves or
wildfire protection buffers.
Policy LU -2.3: TODs Identified. To control the spacing of transit stations in support of Policy
TRAN-1.2, TOD floating zones, identifying the general location of TOD, shall be limited to the
following, as shown on the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7):
University Village (Regional Center). The goal is to use the university as a catalyst
for complementary commercial opportunities surrounding the campus and to attract
students, faculty, and staff to live on or near campus. The university would hopefully
be a center for cultural and performing arts, life-long learning, innovation, and
workforce development that would benefit the broader community.
2. Kalaoa Village (Neighborhood)
3. Kaloko Makai Village (Neighborhood)
4. Honokohau Village (Regional Center). The County Civic Center shall be one part of
a centralized government service center with surrounding complementary office and
retail. The area would serve as an appropriate location for a regional park that would
include active recreation facilities and a multi-purpose auditorium.
5. Keahuolu Village (Neighborhood)
6. Makaeo Village (Regional Center). A major retail center is planned near the Old
Airport Park. As a mixed use village, the plan is to introduce residential uses into the
mix, design a complementary relationship to the Old Airport Park, and to integrate a
transit hub or major park and ride facility for commuters (primarily resort workers).
7. Kailua Village Redevelopment (Regional Center) In recognition of the importance of
Kailua Village as the cultural, retail and visitor core of the Kona District, redevelopment
KONA CDP 4-41
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
LAND USE POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
of the area shall be a high priority. The majority of Kona's urban affordable housing is `
located close to the Village Center, but much of this housing is in poor condition. The
availability of infrastructure in the Village offers the opportunity to provide new, high
density affordable housing for the resident workforce. Redevelopment plans shall
consider the following: location of a transit hub, enhanced pedestrian -oriented
improvements along Ali'i Drive, centralized public parking strategically located in
relation to shuttle routes, and village design guidelines.
8. Pua`a — Wai`aha Village (Neighborhood)
9. Kahului — Puapua`a Village (Neighborhood)
10. Kahalu`u Makai Village (Neighborhood)
Action LU -2.3a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and
TNDs (Enacted by plan).
Action LU -2.3b: Initiate redevelopment plan for Kailua Village. Consider
the establishment of redevelopment authority, pursuant to HRS Chapter
53 (Urban Renewal). Partner with the Kailua Village Business
Improvement District program in preparing the re -development plan (PD,
KVDC, KVBID, 3-5).
Policy LU -2.4: Transit -Oriented Development (TOD) Floating Zones Established. The
TOD's extent and locations on the Official Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7) are approximate
and become fixed pursuant to the Project District rezoning procedures as modified below:
1) Minimum land area. The minimum land area for a new community shall be 80 acres,
which corresponds to the urban and secondary core, plus a density transfer area proposed
in the master plan to set an urban boundary limit.
2) Project District Rezoning Application. In addition to the requirements specified for a
Project District application, the application shall include the following:
a. Master Plan. To the extent practicable, the master plan shall conform with the
Village Design Guidelines (Attachment B) and at a minimum address:
i. Mix of permitted uses and density;
ii. Transportation systems including street layout and standards, transit routes
and facilities, and bike and pedestrian pathways;
iii. Village center public facilities and financing;
iv. Infrastructure requirements, financing, and timing;'
v. Neighborhood park and public space standards;
vi. Phasing plan;
vii. Calculation and treatment of density transfer area;
viii. Planning process, including extent of consultation with the Design Center.
4-42 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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b. An environmental report meeting the requirements of HRS Chapter 343.
3) Expedited Review. Within ninety (90) days after a project district application has been
accepted by the Planning Director, the Director shall forward the application to the
Planning Commission.
4) Environmental Review Concurrent Processing. The Planning Director shall enable and
allow the applicant to concurrently process the environmental document according to the
procedures of HRS Chapter 343.
5) State Land Use Boundary Amendment Concurrent Processing. If a State Land Use
District Boundary Amendment is necessary, the Planning Director may accept the
application, review the application to determine consistency with the decision criteria
below, suspend the processing of the Project District until a decision is made by the State
Land Use Commission, and express the County's support of the application before the
State Land Use Commission as consistent with the Kona CDP and County of Hawai'i
General Plan. The Project District process may then immediately resume upon favorable
approval by the State Land Use Commission.
6) Development Agreement. A development agreement pursuant to Hawai'i County Code
may be used to memorialize reciprocal agreements among the several parties responsible
for implementing the plan, including the County, and thereby vest the rights as set forth in
the Development Agreement,
7) Planning Commission Review. Within sixty (60) days after receipt of the application from
the Planning Director, unless a longer period is agreed to by the applicant, the Planning
Commission shall transmit the proposed project district ordinance together with its
recommendation thereon through the Mayor to the County Council. The Planning
Commission shall recommend approval in whole or in part, with or without modifications, or
rejection of such proposal, based on the following criteria:
a. Extent to which the master plan meets the intent and objectives of the Village
Design Guidelines;
b. Extent, inclusiveness, and mix of affordable housing;
c. Feasibility of the infrastructure financing plan;
d.. Effectiveness of concurrency controls;
e. Compatible linkages and relationships to surrounding areas;
f. Effectiveness in optimizing and protecting open space within the density transfer
area.
8) Rebuttable Presumption. The Planning Director, Planning Commission, and County
Council shall review the TOD application with a rebuttable presumption that the project
furthers the intent of Chapter 25 Zoning Code and is consistent with the goals, objectives,
and policies of the County General Plan and Kona CDP, provided that the proposed
location is generally consistent with the Official Kona Land Use Map and the master plan
consistent with the Village Design Guidelines, This rebuttable presumption does not apply
KONA CDP 4-43
LAND USE
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
to a TND application since the general location of a TND has not been determined by the
Kona CDP
9) Amendments. Amendments to the master plan shall be processed administratively by
approval of the Planning Director, unless the changes are significant as determined by the
Planning Director.
Action LU -2.4a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to establish TOD floating
zone project district (Enacted by plan). "
Policy LU -2.5: Village Design Guidelines. The Village Design Guidelines in Attachment B apply
to the development of master plans for TODs and TNDs, as well as subsequent projects
implementing the master plans. The intent of the Village Design Guidelines are to do the following:
1. Promote transit -oriented and pedestrian -oriented development, to increase transit use, to
manage traffic congestion,
2. Encourage mixed-use, compact development that is pedestrian in scale and sensitive to
environmental characteristics of the land, and facilitates the efficient use of public services;
3. Have residences, shopping, employment, and recreational uses located within close proximity
with each other and efficiently organized to provide for the daily needs of the residents;
4. Provide for a range of housing types and affordability within pedestrian -oriented, human -scale
neighborhoods;
5. Incorporate natural features, open space, and cultural features;
6. Provide efficient circulation systems for pedestrians, non -motorized vehicles, and motorists
that serve to functionally and physically integrate the various land use activities; and
7. Promote strong neighborhood identity and focus.
The Village Design Guidelines establish:
1. An acceptable mix of uses for regional centers, neighborhood core areas, and secondary
areas;
2. Minimum as well as maximum residential densities;
3. Non -permitted uses in the urban core that are primarily automobile -dependent that detract
from a walkable town center;
4. Pedestrian -oriented street standards, supplementing County of Hawai'i Street Standards;
5. Nomenclature of public facilities and siting criteria that serve as the town focus;
6. Density transfer calculation methodology; and
7. Transportation standards.
Action LU -2.5a: Adoption of Village Design Guidelines (Attachment B) (Enacted by
plan).
Action LU -2.5b: Continually improve and refine the Village Design Guidelines (PD,
DC, on-going).
4-44 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE
Policy LU -2.6: TOD/TND Public Infrastructure and Facilities. To encourage the development
of TODs and TNDs, public financing sources shall pay 100% for:
Major proposed trunk transit route,
A transit station (or transit station component if the transit station is part of a private mixed-
use project) within the Urban Core ,
A major park or plaza within the urban core.
In the preparation of the master plan, the applicant shall coordinate the input of appropriate
agencies to identify sites and financing of appropriate public facilities such as schools, libraries,
and post offices, with respective financial commitments between public and private sources
documented in the master plan. The County water allocation and capital improvement policies in
Section 4.6: Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services, Policy PUB -4.1 shall further support the
development of the TODs.
Action LU -2.6a: Negotiate the respective cost-sharing of the appropriate public
facilities (DC, applicants, on-going).
Action LU -2.6b: Program funding of major transit routes, transit stations, and
major parks within urban core in coordination with proposed TOD build -out (PD,
Fin., on-going).
Policy LU -2.7: Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Floating Zone Established.
Where as the locations of TODs are conceptually determined by the Official Kona Land Use Map,
the locations of TNDs are proposed by applicants outside of the TODs within the Kona Urban Area
UA). Because of the need to review the specific suitability at the time of proposal, TND floating
zones shall not have the rebuttable presumption of a TOD; otherwise, rezoning procedures shall be
the same as a TOD Project District.
Policy LU -2.8: Development Outside Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs), but within the
Kona Urban Area. Development outside the TODs, but within the Kona UA, may occur as follows:
Existing Zoning
a. TND Overlay. Any project greater than 20 acres on land zoned Single-family residential
RS), Multiple residential (RM), Residential -Commercial Mixed Use (RCX), General
Commercial (CG), Village Commercial (CV), or Neighborhood Commercial (CN), shall be
permitted to develop as a neighborhood TND following the procedures for a PUD and the
Village Design Guidelines.
b. Non -TND Projects. Any project may be developed in accordance with the existing zoning,
subject to the following requirements:
i. Parks (see Policy PUB -6.2.)
ii. Affordable Housing. Resale restrictions on affordable units built in compliance with
HCC Chapter 11 (see Policy HSG -5.2).
KONA CDP 4-45
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
LAND USE POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
iii. Street Standards. Connectivity standards (see Policy TRAN-2.1), street standards
see Policy TRAN-3.1), and traffic calming standards (see Policy TRAN-3.7).
iv. Wastewater. Priority sewer area (see Policy PUB -4.4).
v. Concurrency. The requirements of Hawaii County Code Section 25-2-46 and Policy
TRAN-6.1.
vi. Sensitive Resources. Survey of potential sensitive resources (see Policy ENV -1.5).
2. Rezoning
a. TND. Any project greater than 20 acres within the Kona UA may apply for the TND
Floating Zone.
b. Conventional Rezoning. Rezoning to other than TND, is subject to the following
guidelines:
i. Consistency with LUPAG. Refer to Policy LU -1.3.
ii. Infill. Rezonings that promote infill are encouraged. The concept of infill is to
connect two or more pre-existing developments. Infill is usually associated with
small scale developments of 20 acres or less that have been leapfrogged by the
surrounding or adjacent developments. Infill rezonings should be conditioned to
ensure connectivity to the surrounding developments and, where applicable, to
provide mixed-use opportunities to make the area more walkable.
iii. "Greenfields° Rezoning. Rezoning anywhere within the Kona UA, whether within or
outside a TOD area designated on Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map, that is
not a TOD, TND, or infill shall require an amendment to the Kona CDP that triggers
HRS Chapter 343 Environmental Review Process.
c. State Land Use. Where a rezoning application meets the above criteria, the County shall
support a State Land Use Urban Boundary amendment for lands within the County Urban
Expansion Area.
Action LU -2.8a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to create a TND overlay zone
for existing zoned lands within the specified residential and commercial zoning
districts (Enacted by plan).
Action LU -2.8b: Review subdivision and plan approval applications pursuant to
requirements for parks, housing, street standards, wastewater, and concurrency
PD, on-going).
Action LU -2.8c: Review conventional rezoning applications pursuant to Policy
LU -2.8 (1)(b) (PD, on-going).
Objective LU -3: Rural Area Growth Management. To preserve the rural character of the existing
rural towns, the agricultural lifestyle, and the open landscape.
4-46 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Policy LU -3.1: Redevelopment of Rural Towns as
TODs1TNDs. The rural towns along Mamalahoa
Highway, consisting of Holualoa, Honalo, Kainaliu,
Kealakekua, and Captain Cook, are encouraged to be
redeveloped as TODs/TNDs. The master plan for
TOD/TND redevelopment shall: a) identify the site and
appropriate design character of a transit stop or station,
as applicable; b) identify other public facilities that would
enhance the civic and economic vitality of these towns; c)
encourage innovative opportunities to provide affordable
housing and live/work opportunities; and d) improve
pedestrian -friendliness of the streetscape. To the extent
practicable, the TOD/TND master plan shall follow the
Village Design Guidelines in Attachment B. The master
plan shall be the basis for any comprehensive rezoning,
capital improvement program, and/or business
improvement district for facilities or services.
Action LU -3.1a: Initiate community
organization effort, including landowners,
developers, and public, on the opportunities
of TODs/TNDs for each of the rural towns
RBD, PD, on-going).
Action LU -3.1b: Prepare town master plan(s)
PD, MT, town entity, 5.10).
Policy LU -3.2: Revitalization of Other Existing Rural
Villages. Rural Villages such as Honaunau, Napo'opo'o,
Kealia, and Miloli'i are also encouraged to develop
community-based revitalization master plans that would
serve as the basis for any comprehensive rezoning,
capital improvement program, and/or business
improvement district for facilities or services.
r .61i7Z
61
Action LU -3.2a: Initiate community
organization effort, including landowners,
developers, and public on the opportunities of
TODs1TNDs for each of the rural villages
RBD, PD, 3.5).
Action LU -3.2b: Prepare village master
plan(s) (PD, village entity, 5.10).
LAND USE
4-47
LAND USE
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Policy LU -3.3: Clustered Rural Subdivision Project Unit Development (PUD). Provided a
PUD application for rural- or agriculturally -zoned land substantially meets the Clustered Rural
Subdivision Guidelines in Attachment C, the Planning Director shall issue approval, with or
without conditions within sixty (60) days after acceptance of the application, and the approval
shall be considered a tentative subdivision approval. All other requirements and procedures of
a PUD shall be as set forth in Article 6 of the Zoning Code.
Action LU -3.3a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code and Chapter 23 Subdivision
Code to establish Clustered Rural Subdivision PUD (Enacted by plan)
Policy LU -3.4: Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines. The Clustered Rural Subdivision
Guidelines in Attachment C apply to proposed subdivisions outside of the Kona Urban Area
UA). The intent of the guidelines is to minimize grading, preserve the natural appearance of
the land to the maximum extent possible, ensure agriculture use in the State Land Use
Agricultural District, and create a rural setting for residences. Towards this end, the guidelines
shall, at a minimum, specify:
1. Minimum lot sizes;
2. Natural and cultural resources meriting protection and associated buffer areas, as
applicable;
3. Minimum standards for roads and wastewater disposal;
4. Legal tools for permanent protection, maintenance of open space, and/or agricultural
lands;
5. Connections to the open spaces of surrounding areas.
Action LU -3.4a: Adopts Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (on-going).
Action LU -3.4b: Continually improve and refine the guidelines (PD, DC, on-
going).
Action LU -3.4c: Work with State to allow individual home sites smaller than one
acre on lands classified as Agricultural so as to increase the flexibility of the
Clustered Rural Subdivision Program (PD, OSP, on-going).
Policy LU -3.5: Encourage Clustered Rural Subdivision for IAL Lands Less Than 5
Acres. Any subdivision of important agricultural land (IAL) lands involving 30 acres or more
currently zoned at densities between Ag -1a to Ag -5a and FA are encouraged to follow the
Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines in order to prevent sprawling, large-scale residential
subdivision of these lands.
Action LU -3.5a: Review subdivision application for lands with existing zoning
Ag -1a to Ag -5a and FA pursuant to Policy LU -3.5 (PD, on-going).
4-48 ' KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS LAND USE
Action LU -3.5b: Work with landowners through the Design Center to encourage
proposals consistent with Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (PD, on-
going).
Policy LU -3.6: Subdivision on Agriculturally -Zoned Land Served by a Private Water
System. When granting any subdivision water variance served by a private water system to
allow a subdivision involving 30 acres or more, a condition of the variance should be to follow
the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines. (Enacted by Plan)
Policy LU -3.7: Farmworker Housing. Agricultural employee housing where the employee
works a minimum of 20 hours a week on a farm is permitted on agriculturally zoned lands
where the housing and the farm are not on the same parcel.
Action LU -3.7a: Reviewing Agricultural Employee Housing proposals pursuant
to Policy LU -3.7 (PD, on-going).
Policy LU -3.8: Rezoning Outside of Urban and Rural TODs and Outside of GP LUPAG
Urban Area. Rezoning of areas currently zoned agricultural, outside of the Urban and Rural
TOD areas shown on Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map, and outside of urban
designations on the General Plan LUPAG, shall not be allowed, except in the following limited
circumstances: (1) the rezoning allows only a small number of additional lots, consistent in
scale with the transfer of lots to family members, (2) the rezoning does not create a net
increase in the potential number of agricultural lots (such as a rezoning that increases potential
density in one area but also reduces density in another), or (3) the rezoning is to permit a
subdivision consistent with the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines, while preserving the
majority of the property in non-residential use dedicated to agriculture, open space, or other
conservation purposes, and does not have the primary effect of allowing subdivision into lots
smaller than allowed by existing zoning. This policy is intended to prevent the rezoning of
agricultural property to allow agricultural subdivisions where the primary objective of the lot
owner will be to have a residential estate.
Action LU -3.8a: Review rezoning applications with higher burden of
justification pursuant to Policy LU -3.8 (PD, on-going).
Objective LU -4: Pro -active Design Review. To foster a spirit of excellence, creativity and
collaboration among the applicants, community, and County to meet the Kona CDP goals, objectives
and policies.
Policy LU -4.1: Design Center Establishment. The County Planning Department shall establish
a Design Center to accomplish the following objectives:
1. To support and expedite the translation and implementation of the Kona CDP goals,
objectives, policies, actions, and design guidelines as applied to proposed development
projects;
2. To be a catalyst for creative excellence and innovation;
KONA CDP 4-49
LAND USE
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
3. To foster public-private partnerships;
4. To promote coordination and collaboration among the community, government agencies,
applicants, landowners, professionals, and educational institutions;
5. To provide education on best design practices to applicants, government staff, community
members, educators and students; and,
6. To award and recognize exemplary projects.
Although the Design Center will be administered by the Planning Department and staffed by
County employees, the department may organize a technical committee of interdisciplinary
volunteers.
Action LU -4.1a: As an option, consider budgeting and hiring independent
contractor(s) to determine the structure of the Design Center and to establish a
pilot program. During this interim period, the independent contractor will
provide recommendations to the Planning Director for land use applications
requiring Design Center review (PD, 1-2).
Action LU -4.1b: Create and fund positions to staff the Design Center (PD, 2.3).
Policy LU -4.2: Mandatory Review. The Design Center shall review and approve all master
plans prepared for floating zones (TODs/TNDs, Affordable Housing, Eco -Industrial) and
Clustered Rural Subdivision PUDs. Projects implementing these master plans, as well as any
other project within the Kona CDP planning area, are encouraged, but not required, to be
reviewed by the Design Center.
Action LU4.2a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to require mandatory Design
Center review (Enacted by plan).
Policy LU -4.3: Expedited Permit Processing. For projects reviewed by the Design Center,
a staff member of the Design Center may be assigned to coordinate and expedite permit
approvals for the proposed project.
Action LU4.3a: Assign and train staff (PD, 1-2).
4-50 . KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
4.3 ENA,IRONMENMA2L RESOURCES
The Environmental Resources section of the Kona
CDP identifies objectives, policies;• and actions to
guide the management and protection of Kona's
environmentally sensitive areas. It will become
important to focus on creative solutions that protect
the environment while allowing for growth,
redevelopment, and increase densities in strategic
areas.
4.3.1 Existing Conditions
Mapping of various resources in the Kona region has
been on-going for many years. With advancing
computer technology, such Geographic Information
System (GIS), much of the available information has
been incorporated in computer databases. While the
geographic detail made possible by such computer
mapping gives the sense that such mapped
information is comprehensive, accurate and reliable, it
is not always the case. The actual level of accuracy
Guiding Principles Environment
1. Protect Kona's natural
resources and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation
opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages,
preserving Kona's rural, diverse,
and historical character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and
vibrant economy emphasizing
agriculture and sustainable
economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
and reliability varies widely. It is important to
continually improve the state of knowledge and track changes by documenting the source and
methodologyof the data collection.
The mapping, data for the environmental resources collected for this plan come from the following
sources:
1. Regulatory map with defined procedures to map and amend:
Flood Insurance Rate Map (regulated under the Floodplain Management Code,
Hawai'i County Code Chapter 27)
2. Legally mandated inventories yet to be completed:
Trails—Under the Na Ala Hele statewide trail and access program, the
Department of Land and Natural Resources is required to "inventory all trails and
accesses in the State, whether wholly or partly on public or private lands and
whether or not under the jurisdiction of the department" (HRS Section 198D-3).
Historic sites—The State Historic Preservation Division is required to develop an
inventory of historic properties (any structure or site over fifty.years old) and burial
sites (HRS Section 6E-3).
3. Voluntarily compiled databases that lack a comprehensive management system for
verification and maintenance:
Critical Habitats: Although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service follows a formal
procedure to designate a critical habitat, there is no formal procedure to provide a
map to the County permit agencies;
KONA CDP 4-51
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Coastal Resources and Water Quality Monitoring Stations: GIS data on coastal
resources compiled by the University of Hawai'i at Hilo for the Planning
Department; location of State Department of Health (DOH) water quality
monitoring stations (Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and DOH
State GIS Program)
Anchialine Ponds: Data digitally representing occurrences of anchialine ponds
that were recorded by Hawai'i Natural Heritage Program, between 1970 — 2000
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean
Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response
Division (University of Hilo, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies)
Native Habitats: The Hawai'i Natural Heritage Program (HNHP) collects
information on the location and condition of HawaiTs rare animals, plants, and
natural communities (ecosystems) (Source: Hawai'i Natural Heritage Program
November 2005). Information in the database spans from the 1800's to present
day. Data summarizes species current and historical ranges, decline or increase
in the number of individuals, recorded habitat and observed threats. The HNHP
database includes four categories: Natural Communities, Special Vertebrates,
Special Invertebrates, and Special Plants. The HNHP database includes only rare
occurrences. A natural community is considered rare and imperiled if it is known
from 20 or fewer localities or if it covers less than 2,000 acres in the world. For
plants and animals, the HNHP defines taxon as rare if records indicate that its
current distribution or abundance is limited, i.e. it is known from 20 or fewer
locations or fewer than 3,000 individuals have been observed in the wild.)
4.3.2 Overall Strategy
People in Kona have a growing ecological awareness and respect for their diverse resources — one
that must be translated into a commitment to protect and manage these resources. This commitment
will only be implemented by policies that are based on knowledge about our diverse resources as well
as on humility that we do not know the full consequences of all that we do and err on the side of.
caution (precautionary principle), and on the understanding that all of us must assume some
responsibility to do our part. .
The following strategy emerged from this attitude:
Managing our Impacts. The reasons to minimize human impacts on natural resources are many,
while many are yet to be known. Ecosystem services upon which our survival depends (e.g., clean
drinking water) must be maintained. This concept was honored by Hawai'i's earliest inhabitants,
most clearly in the "mountain to sea" ahupua'a model of land use. This awareness and the larger
reality of the intrinsic value and interconnectedness of all natural systems should be expanded
upon and protected through education and intelligent land use policy. The Kona CDP's Land Use
Policies are intended to limit both urban and rural sprawl and also serves to provide direct benefits
toward managing our resources.
a. Recognizing the Multi -Value Importance of the Mauka Lands. Before human contact, a
band of wet native forest thrived, extending from sea level to 6,000 feet in elevation (Atlas of
4-52 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
Hawaii, 31d Edition). Beside being a habitat for native species, this forest "absorbed" much of
the rain. This water that percolated into the ground and recharged the groundwater
reservoirs." As forests were cleared for pasture or other purposes, much of the rainfall that
would have been absorbed now runs off the land surface. Recognizing the value of these
mauka lands for its habitat, groundwater recharge, and stormwater management values, the
objectives are to encourage the preservation of the forest that remains, the restoration of forest
lands, as well as the innovative restoration of some of the innate functions of the cleared lands
e.g., detention basins that mitigate surface flow and promote groundwater recharge).
b. Turning Stormwater Management Into An Asset. If the mauka lands are able to mitigate
some of the surface stormwater runoff, there is still a challenge in managing stormwater runoff
because of Kona's steep topography and undefined drainageways. The objective is to identify
the drainageways where the major stormflows would be directed, provide a buffer to these
drainageways to account for our imperfect knowledge, and to design these drainageways to
function as recreational or open space amenities (e.g., linear parks).
c. Not Exceeding the Limits of the Groundwater Resource. Compared to the wet, windward
side of the island, Kona's basal groundwater resource is thin. The primary groundwater source
is high-level groundwater; the extent of which as a resource is uncertain. The objectives are to
conserve water, encourage alternative sources (e.g., reclaimed wastewater) for non -potable
uses, and ensure adequate capacity of the County water system to serve the preferred growth
areas set forth in the Land Use element (see Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and
Services for these policies that apply to the County's water system).
d. Integrating the Coastal Resources. Kona is blessed with unique anchialine ponds, beautiful
sandy beaches, abundant coral reefs, and clear nearshore waters. What we do on the land
impacts these coastal resources. The objectives are to manage the activities that are the
major source of pollutants that reach the coastal waters through groundwater seepage or
surface runoff, and to monitor the water quality to know when corrective action is in order.
Protecting Sensitive Resources. Besides the mauka lands, there are other sensitive
resources that need to be protected through regulations and/or incentives. The first step is to
classify what resources are "sensitive"—i.e., unique, rare, fragile, providing an essential
support service, or other values. The second step is to develop a reliable inventory of these
resources. This second step is a considerable challenge given the varying stage of accuracy
and completeness of the available information for each resource. Nevertheless, a central data
gathering system needs to be developed that continually improves the state of knowledge.
2. Managing Access as a Linked Network of Open Spaces. Not all open spaces should have
unrestricted public access (e.g., forest reserves, sacred sites). Where public access is permitted,
whether unrestricted or managed, the objective is to create a network of "hubs" (e.g., parks) and
links" (e.g., trails, bikeways). While reaffirming the Guiding Principle for expanded recreation
opportunities, the vision is also for residents and visitors to have the option to walk or bike to a
beach or park, as well as drive on a scenic route.
KONA CDP 4-53
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
3. Prioritizing Limited Financial Resources.
a. Establishing Acquisition Priorities. The objective is to set clear priority criteria for land
acquisition based on significance, extent of public use, or the extent of restrictions on other
private use.
4. Ensuring Maintenance. Adequate funding shall be budgeted for proper maintenance, particularly
for resources open to the public.
4.3.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Environmental Resources Goal: The natural and cultural resources enhance Kona's character
together with the built environment, developed in harmony with ecological principles, where
residents and visitors enjoy and interact with nature through a networked system thatpromotes
a healthy active lifestyle, and where the financial and moral commitment reflects the high level
of caring that the Kona people have for the land.
Objective ENV -1: Managing Impacts. In order to minimize impacts on the land, make use of best
management planning practices for any land-based endeavor by balancing public and private rights,
and taking advantage of an ever -improving knowledge of resource sensitivity and natural processes.
Policy ENV -1.1: Central Environmental Resources Inventory. The County should be a
central repository of environmental resources GIS data (including the metadata
documentation), assist in inventory creation where there are data gaps, and assist in
maintenance where there are no assigned maintenance responsibilities.
Action ENV -1.1a: Compile available GIS environmental data and make it
available to the public (PD, DATA, on-going).
Policy ENV -1.2; Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program. The Kona Mauka
Watershed Management Program shall encompass the public and private lands mauka of,
Mamalahoa Highway (see Figure 4-8a). The purpose of this program is to synthesize the
current knowledge of the mauka lands resources, develop a viable action plan to coordinate'
the various public agencies and private owners, and serve as the basis for establishing an
ecosystem services incentives program. Such a program recognizes the ecosystem service
value of our watershed and open space in our community to protect values such as aesthetics
and scenic vistas; water catchment and infiltration; carbon sequestration; oxygen production;
habitat enhancement and preservation; fire suppression and fuel load management; soil
conservation; preservation of cultural values; and, potential for additional public access and
recreational opportunities. The action plan shall be prepared by the Kona Mauka Watershed
Partnership, whose membership shall include at a minimum the affected public agencies and
private landowners, a community representative(s), and the County.
4-54 KONA CDP
Kaupulehu
Makalawena
Keahole
Kailua
Keauhou
Kaawaloa
LEGEND
High -Level Groundwater, 1,500 ft.
QKona Mauka Watershed Planning Area
Private Nature Preserve
Managed Public Lands
Institutional Public Lands
Private lands
QKona Urban Area
ORural Town TODs
CDP Planning Area
Miles
0 2 4 8
1 inch equals 4 miles
Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS
Program
Kiholo
Napoopoo
Hookena
Milolii
Manuka
Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 4-8a
Environmental Resources Map - Kona Mauka Watershed Area
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
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4-56 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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The action plan shall be approved by the Kona CDP Implementation Committee (see Chapter
5). The action plan shall at a minimum address:
Existing Conditions—physical characteristics, hydrology and water use, biological
resources, land ownership, existing land use and zoning;
Ahupua'a Watershed Values—water resources, native habitat, cultural resources, public
access and outdoor recreation;
Threats—invasive species, feral ungulates, human activities, aquatic pollutants, wildfire,
climate change;
Management Program -cooperative private initiatives, government programs,
designation of suitable sending and receiving areas for density transfer, models of
appropriate development, certification system to determine eligible ecosystem services
incentives, grant administration.
Action ENV -1.2a: Organize the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership (PID, 1-2).
Action ENV -1.2b: Budget and hire contractor to coordinate and prepare Kona
Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 1.2).
Action ENV -1.2c: Implement Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD,
3.5).
Policy ENV -1.3: Publicly -Owned Mauka Lands. All public lands mauka of Mamalahoa
Highway should be managed with a holistic, multi-purpose approach for habitat preservation,
groundwater source protection, and stormwater management, as coordinated by a Kona
Mauka Watershed Partnership, based on a Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program.
The objective is to reevaluate the need to broaden and integrate the management of those
lands currently under a more focused management program (referred to as the "Managed
Public Lands") and to initiate management program for those public lands not currently
managed for environmental integrity (referred to as "Institutional Public Lands").
Action ENV -1.3a: Identify, inform, and educate affected public agencies to
participate in the preparation of the Kona Mauka Watershed Management
Program (PD, 1-2).
Policy ENV -1.4: Privately -Owned Mauka Lands. All private lands mauka of Mamalahoa
Highway are eligible for ecosystem services incentives as set forth in the Kona Mauka
Watershed Management Program, provided the landowner actively participates in the Kona
Mauka Watershed Partnership. Ecosystem services incentives include, without limitation:
1. Government funding. Payments from Federal, State, or County sources for a
conservation easements;
2. Property tax credits for landowners. A new ecosystem services assessment class
would result in minimum tax;
KONA CDP 4-57
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
3. Grants. Grants administered by the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership would be
available to help fund various ecosystem management activities such as
constructing detention basins, controlling invasive species, mitigating wildfire
threats, restoring native forests, and other activities consistent with the Kona
Mauka Watershed Management Program;
4. Government approval assistance. The Design Center staff shall be available to
resolve any difficulties with obtaining approvals for ecosystem management
activities, such as issues relating to the Conservation District, or in applying for
various programs such as U.S. Forest Services' Forest Legacy Program.
Action ENV -1.4a: Identify, inform, and educate affected private landowners to
participate in the preparation of the Kona Mauka Watershed Management
Program (PD, 1-2).
Action ENV -1.4b: Develop and establish ecosystems services incentives and a
financing program, through the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program
PD, 1.2).
Policy ENV -1.5: Sensitive Resources. In the context of Kona's ecology and history, the
following natural and cultural resources shall be considered sensitive and therefore shall be
inventoried, as part of any permit application to the County Planning Department (see Figures
4-8a to 4-8d):
Critical habitat areas as identified by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife or County General Plan;
Predominantly native ecosystems, which may not be considered endangered but are
valued because of their nearly pristine condition;
Anchialine ponds subject to a management Program addressed in Policy ENV -1.10: Non -
Degradation of Anchialine Ponds;
High-level groundwater recharge area which shall initially be defined as all lands mauka of
the 1,500 foot elevation and which may be refined by the Kona Mauka Watershed
Management Program;
Historic trails;
Archaeological and historic sites subject to protection under HRS Chapter 6E ; and,
Enhanced Shoreline Setback (see Policy LU -1.5).
Any permit application that encompasses any of the above resources shall strive to incorporate
these resources as assets. If a proposed project will have significant, unavoidable, adverse
impacts to any of the above resources, the presumption shall be denial of the application and
the applicant will have the burden of explaining any overriding considerations. The presence
of any of these resources shall qualify for density transfers based on potential gross density
allowed by the prevailing zoning. The protection or restoration of any of these resources shall
qualify for funding from the Kona Treasures Fund (see Policy ENV -3.3). (Enacted by plan)
Policy ENV -1.6: Ecotourism and Other Mauka Lands Development. On LUPAG
Extensive Agricultural lands, a special permit for an ecotourism-related or other non -
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agricultural use may be considered provided the proposed project is consistent with the Kona
Mauka Watershed Management Program and reviewed by the Design Center. If the project
involves residential lots, then the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (Attachment C)
should apply. Density transfers may be permitted between sending and receiving areas
identified in the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program, including between non-
contiguous parcels, as approved under the special permit or Clustered Rural Subdivision PUD
process.
Action ENV -1.6a: Enact appropriate mechanisms pursuant to Policy ENV -1.2
Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 3.5).
Policy ENV -1.7: Flood Corridors. The
County's Central Environmental Resources
Inventory (see Policy ENV -1.1) should include
the Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
100 -year floodplains, as well as planned
natural flow ways identified by the Stormwater
Management Program (see Policy PUB —
4.7), where excess runoff from existing and
future development will be directed.
Collectively, the FIRM floodplains and the
planned flow ways may serve as open space
amenities, such as linear parks and/or greenbelts between urbanized areas.
Action ENV -1.7a: Develop priorities and financing strategies to improve
accuracy and comprehensiveness of flood mapping (DPW, 2.3).
Action ENV -1.7b: Budget and hire contractor to study feasibility of regional
stormwater management systems, such as flow ways (DPW, PD, 2-3).
Action ENV -1.7c: Identify corridors to be recommended for public open space
pursuant to Policy ENV -2.2 Open Space Network Program (PD, DPW, 3-5)
Policy ENV -1.8: Multi -Purpose Flood Corridors. If the flood corridor serves regional
multiple benefits the County should consider ownership and/or maintenance responsibility for
the flood corridor, upon request of the affected landowner. Owners may participate in an
adopt -a -flood corridor program to enhance the landscaping of the flood corridor fronting their
property, preferably with appropriate native Hawaiian plants.
Action ENV -1.8a: Establish guidelines for Adopt -a -Corridor Program (DPW, 1-
2).
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Policy ENV -1.9: Setback Buffer from Flood Corridor. To account for nature's
unpredictability, any structure as defined in Chapter 27 Floodplain Management Code shall be
in compliance with Section 27-18(d)(5) (Ordinance 07-169).
Action ENV -1.9a: Supports Chapter 27 pursuant to Policy ENV -1.9 (on-going).
Policy ENV -1.10: Non -Degradation of
Anchialine Ponds. Within the United
States, these unique habitats are only
found in Hawaii. Anchialine shall be
eligible for the Kona Treasures Fund for
restoration and maintenance, subject to
the preparation of a maintenance and
water quality monitoring plan. As
wetlands, these resources merit
heightened community vigilance for any
violations of the federal law relating to the
disturbance of wetlands. (Enacted by plan)
Policy ENV -1.11: Anchialine Ponds Management Program. The County shall adopt the
following strategies:
1. Conduct an inventory of anchialine ponds in Kona.
2. Develop management policy:
a. Development projects must map anchialine ponds and monitor their physical,
chemical, and biological status
b. Management of anchialine ponds on development project land should include
assessment and removal of invasive species
c. No development project should be approved that impacts anchialine ponds
3. Develop education modules for anchialine ponds and signage for sites in Kona to educate
the public about ponds and their "protected" status.
4. Identify public/private funding mechanisms for the maintenance of Kona's anchialine
ponds.
Action ENV -1.11a: Budget and hire contractor to verify and update anchialine
inventory and prepare the Anchialine Ponds Management Program (PD, COE, 2-
3).
Policy ENV -1.12: Water Quality Monitoring Program. In recognition of Kona's exceptional
nearshore coastal resource, a comprehensive system to monitor nearshore water quality shall
be established for purposes of protecting public health as well as ecosystem health
particularly coral reefs) to supplement the State Department of Health's water quality
monitoring program. At a minimum, water quality should be monitored at stations which
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correspond to the popular water -contact recreational areas and the exceptional coral reef
habitats. The Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines shall be referenced when requiring water
quality monitoring as a condition of permit approval or in the establishment of a comprehensive
Water Quality Monitoring Program.
Action ENV -1.12a: Hire consultant to prepare
Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines (PD,
DPW, DOH, 2.3).
Action ENV -1.12b: Set up water quality
monitoring station locations (PD, Community,
UH Sea Grant, DOH, 2-3).
Action ENV -1.12c: Organize and train
community base. water quality team (PD,
Community, UH Sea Grant, DOH, 2-3).
Policy ENV -1.13: Environmental Resource
Management Education. A diversity of tools shall be
sought to provide increased education and awareness on
the part of our residents and visitors regarding the
preservation of Kona's environment.
How about Community Volunteer Deputies?
A community-based volunteer "deputy"
program to work with government
authorities expands the number of'eyee to
inhibit violations, provides an opportunity for
individuals to become involved while
ensuring that these individuals are
knowledgeable and trained, and serves as
an educational program as these deputies
share their knowledge with the broader
community.
Action ENV -1.13a: Develop appropriate educational tools for residents and
visitors and marketing plan to use them (RBD, 2-3).
Action ENV -1.13b: Conduct educational workshops (RBD, 2.3).
Objective ENV -2: Open Space Network. To develop a networked system of appropriate access to
all significant open space resources that enhances opportunities for residents and visitors for
recreational, educational, subsistence, or gathering purposes.
Policy ENV -2.1: Open Space Network Program. The purpose of the Open Space Network
Program is to enhance opportunities for residents and visitors to access Kona's Environmental
Resources for recreational, educational, subsistence, or gathering purposes. The Program will
identify the following:
Hubs and Links. Map the existing and planned "hubs" and "links" that comprise the
open space network. "Hubs" include, without limitation, parks, cultural sites open to
the public, and natural beauty vantage points and views. The "links" include, without
limitation, bikeways, trails, scenic/heritage corridors, public accessways, flow ways,
and linear parks.
Public Access Management. Address any special needs to manage access, such as
ownership, maintenance, and/or sensitivity of the resource.
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iii. Public Areas. Identify areas that have high traffic which shall then receive special
attention for funding, maintenance, safety and educational signage.
Action ENV -2.1a: Budget and hire consultant to prepare Open Space Network
Program (PD, PR, OSP, DLNR, TNC, NPS, 1.2).
Action ENV -2.1b: Coordinate with the National Park Service's (NPS) Ala
Kahakai Trail Program as follows (PD, DLNR-PR, NPS, on-going):
1. Continue to enforce county and state laws requiring public
access to and along the shoreline as a condition of land use
approvals. These trails may become official components of the
Trail.
2. Require that applicants conduct metes and bounds surveys of
any historic trails and routes that will be required as part of the
land use permitting process to be preserved and that may
become part of the Trail.
3. Encourage private landowners who have public access
requirements as conditions of a land use approval to execute an
agreement with the NPS to include these areas in the Trail, where
appropriate.
4. Work with the NPS to identify public access easements with
potential incorporation into the Trail.
5. Work with the NPS to identify trail segments through county
parks for incorporation into the Trail.
6. Collaborate on the design and specific signage that identifies the
route of the Trail, particularly where is traverses County Beach
Parks.
7. Include the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (NHT)
administrative office on the mailing list for the Planning
Commission.
Objective ENV -3: Fiscal Commitments to Open Space. To affirm the commitment that
expenditures for open space management are just as important as investment in hard infrastructure
e.g., water, sewer, and roads).
Policy ENV -3.1: Acquisition Priorities. To supplement the activities of the County Open
Space Commission, the Open Space Network Program shall identify high priority areas in
Kona for public acquisition, based on the following criteria:
a. Significant value;
b. Extensive public use;
c. Imminent threat by private development; and
d. Lack of alternative means of protection.
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Action ENV -3.1a: Identify high priority areas for acquisition pursuant to Policy
ENV -2.1 Open Space Network Program (PD, PR, OSC, DLNR,1.2).
Policy ENV -3.2: Maintenance Commitment. A variety of funding sources shall be pursued
to supplement, as necessary, existing government operational budgets to ensure a high
standard of maintenance of all "hubs" and "links" identified in the Open Space Network
Program.
Action ENV -3.2a: Develop a financing strategy as part of Public Facilities
Financing Program (PD, 1-2).
Policy ENV -3.3: PubliclPrivate Partnership. To foster a public and private partnership of
stewardship, a Kona Treasures Fund shall be established and administered by a non-profit
entity to implement the environmental policies set forth in this plan by supplementing any
governmental funding. The non-profit entity would enable individuals and/or businesses to
contribute time and/or money for environmental causes without sacrificing the resources to
commercial use.
Action ENV -3.3a: Establish Kona Treasures Fund as tax deductible
organization (PD, KCC, 2-3).
Action ENV -3.3b: Provide funding and staff support as well as public marketing
campaign (PD, KCC, 2-3).
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4.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES
In the Hawaiian language and culture, Kona is a
traditional Hawaiian moku (district) on the leeward
side of the island. To kama`aina, however, it is more
than just a region or place; it is part of our being. In
tradition and custom, Kona's great beauty and many
resources have been entrusted to the people by
Akua (our Creator), and inherent in this trust comes
kuleana (responsibility/obligation) to malama (care
for) all that gives ke ola (life), so that it may ho`omau
be perpetuated). Today, this means to honor what
has gone before, be responsible for the present, and
plan for the future.
Ahupua`a and Malama `Aina
In honoring the past, it is important to recognize the
valuable lessons learned. One of these is the
ahupua`a land use model of sustainability, whereby
the land was divided into pie -shaped wedges
broad at the shoreline and narrowing in the uplands -
Guiding Principles Cultural
1. Protect Kona's natural resources
and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages, preserving
Kona's rural, diverse, and historical
character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant
economy emphasizing agriculture
and sustainable economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
providing a good diversity of natural resources for
its inhabitants. Another is that of malama `aina that calls for the responsible and respectful use of the
land and sea, including all the natural resources in and on it, in a manner that promotes their
conservation and perpetuation, so the present, as well as the future generation, may be able to enjoy
them alike. Prior to 1778, Hawaiians lived and practiced these principles in a truly self-sufficient
manner. Understanding and practicing these important principles of resource management are vital to
understanding the Hawaiian cultural landscape and our place on it, especially when decisions are
made which will impact that landscape and the long-term future of Kona. The very essence of this
principle is embodied in the Hawai'i State motto "Ua mau ke ea o ka `aina i ka pono", that the very life
of the land is perpetuated in the proper relationship of humans with nature.
Historical Perspective
The districts of North and South Kona have been very significant in the history of Hawai'i. Because of
the mild climate, fertile mauka lands and abundant marine resources, from the time of the great chief,
Umi a Liloa, Kona has been favored as a place of residence by various ruling chiefs and their extended
families. This resulted in a large population of inhabitants who settled in villages mainly along the coast
kulakai), particularly around bays and fishponds. Additional land uses occurred in the middle zone
apa'a), which supported temporary habitation and resource gathering between the makai (coastal)
and mauka (upland) areas; and, the upland zones (wao kanaka), which supported larger -scale
agriculture and dryland and lowland forests. Figure 4-9 depicts the traditional lands uses and zones
extending from offshore areas to the piko or summit'regions.
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affordable price. The chart to the right shows that for Hawai'i County, the affordability ratio dropped
from affordable (over 1.10) in 2002 to very unaffordable (about 0.70) in 2006 (SMS Research &
Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007). The Housing Study projects that the median price has
peaked and the affordability ratio should start to improve to about 0.80 by 2010.
4.5.2 Overall Strategy
The market forces and cost of infrastructure in Kona has driven the price of homes skyward. Without
intervention, the market will deliver affordably priced homes further and further away from employment
job centers, resulting in long commutes for the workforce. Affordable housing within the urban core is
essential to maintain and enhance an economical and viably diverse community. The market also
does not adequately meet special housing needs. Intervention strategies are long overdue and need to
be coordinated with existing island -wide initiatives.
Existing island -wide initiatives include:
Affordable rental property tax incentives. Property tax incentives are in place to encourage
landlords to offer affordable rents (HCC Sections 19-2 and 19-53);
Density bonus. The inclusionary zoning requirements in HCC Chapter 11 provide a density
bonus where a developer who is required to meet the 20% affordable housing requirement is
entitled to a 10% density bonus and 10% reduction in lot size from what is permitted under the
existing zoning (HCC Section 11-8).
Extending the Hawaii County Code (HCC) Chapter 11 requirements to existing zoned
property. A bill, now being drafted, proposes to amend HCC Chapter 11 to apply the
affordable housing requirements to subdivision applications for existing zoned property.
Homebuyer education program. The County Office of Housing and Community
Development (OHCD) has contracted with the Hawai'i Home Ownership Center to provide an
island -wide homebuyer education program that includes the following: financial literacy
setting financial goals, preparing budget plans, saving for homeownership, understanding
credit), shopping for a home (identifying needs, tenancies and tenure, referrals to lenders and
realtors), and post -purchase counseling (basic maintenance and repair, predatory lending,
mortgage delinquency counseling).
Hawai'i Island Housing Trust (HINT). The County established this 501(c)(3) non-profit
corporation to develop housing projects and provide technical or financial assistance to other
non -profits.
The overall strategy builds on these on-going initiatives and structures a partnership where all sectors
are asked to contribute towards finding solutions to the very complex problem of affordable housing—
for landlords to consider affordable rentals, for private developers especially to help meet the needs of
our workforce population, for the public sector and non -profits to share the burden of providing housing
for the lower income, and for the community to support these efforts with donations, time, and
awareness.
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The primary target groups for housing assistance includes three sectors:
HOUSING
Low-income households (<80% median income): Since this group will find it very difficult to
support a market rate mortgage to buy a home, the focus is to expand self-help housing.
program opportunities, build more new rental units (primary responsibility of government and
non -profits), encourage affordable rentals of existing units through property tax incentives, and
provide supplemental assistance for the Section 8 rental subsidy;
2. Moderate -income households (80 to 180% median income): To enhance homeownership
opportunities, the focus is to provide incentives for non-profit housing entities and private
developers, to optimize the use of suitable government land for affordable housing projects, to
enhance the first-time buyer's capacity through homebuyer education and counseling
programs, and to keep these affordable units affordable upon subsequent sales through deed
restrictions; and o
Elderly and disabled: To encourage private developers to build more units appropriate for
the elderly or disabled, bonus incentives are provided; to assist the elderly and disabled
evaluate housing choices in relation to their special needs, a one-stop information and
counseling center is proposed.
As a framework to focus the efforts, the strategy involves the following plans:
1. Build Units.
Provide Zoning Incentives for Kona. As an incentive to the private sector, an affordable
housing floating zone would expedite rezoning for property less than 15 acres within the
Kona Urban Area.
Encourage Innovative Redevelopment within Existing Villages. Existing building
codes may pose obstacles to rehabilitation of existing buildings or innovative new
construction. A central point in government (the Design Center) would assist in identifying
and resolving case -specific problems and opportunities.
Identify and Facilitate the Use of Suitable Public Lands. The use of public lands for
affordable housing significantly reduces the land cost of developing such housing.
Promote Accessory Units. Accessory units (also known as 'ohana units) increase the
affordable rentals inventory, and also could enhance a buyer's marginal capacity to buy a
home by factoring the supplemental rent income. Together with the County's new tax
break for affordable rentals, this would be an incentive for more homeowners to consider
creating affordable accessory units.
Offer Pre -Approved Affordable Designs. Small landowners or contractors could be
encouraged to build affordable units if pre -approved plans for starter homes, accessory
units, or other housing types were available at nominal or no cost.
KONA CDP 4-85
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Table 4-3: 2006 Affordable Income Guidelines
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Table 4-4: Affordable Sales and Rent Guidelines for County of Hawai i
HODS/NG
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2. Maintain the Affordable Inventory.
Keep Some Units Perpetually Affordable. In a down market, the homes with restrictions
are hardest to sell. But unless restrictions are imposed, as soon as the market turns, the
prices will quickly escalate beyond the affordable range. Even in an up market, restricted
homes that offer better quality for the price as a result of subsidies and/or the reduction of
the land cost through a lease arrangement may be able to compete with unrestricted
market homes. Government or non -profits should take the lead to develop and administer
the perpetually -affordable inventory.
Replace the Displaced. For redevelopment projects, if there are any existing affordable
units within the project area, the redevelopment project shall provide units comparable in
number and affordability.
Renovate Under -Used Existing Rental Housing. Encourage repair, renovate, or
redevelop existing public housing or multi -family private units.
3. Increase Buying and Renting Capacity.
Address Workforce Gap Group Needs. A segment of the population earns too much to
qualify for affordable housing programs, yet too little to buy or rent decent housing close to
their place of employment. These are your teachers, police officers, fire fighters,
mechanics, and other moderate income households. In an area such as Kona, where
ordinary homes are significantly more expensive than other parts of the island, the
County's definition of "affordable" needs to be expanded to include this group to qualify for
appropriate assistance.
Enhance Buying Capacity. There are various means to help a prospective buyer to
qualify for a mortgage, such as no -down -payment loan or low-interest loan for the down
payment; location -efficient mortgages that give credit for reduced transportation costs
when locating closer to work; and energy-efficient mortgages that give credit for energy-
saving designs that reduce monthly utility costs.
Enhance Renting Capacity. Kona's rents often are too high to qualify for Section 8
assistance. A supplemental subsidy source could reduce the number of returned Section
8 vouchers.
Provide Education and Counseling. To become a homeowner requires financial
knowledge and good credit. An effective education and credit counseling program is
essential in qualifying buyers and assuring that they are responsible homeowners.
Raise the Workforce Earning Power. Community involvement is necessary in order to
create and sustain a quality educational system. Only by increasing the learning
capabilities and practical skills through our educational system can we shift upward the
percentage of Kona residents who earn enough to buy a home. For this reason, the
policies and actions related to workforce development (see Policy ECON-1.4) are pertinent
to housing.
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4. Address Special Needs.
Elderly and Disabled. Even for those who are able to afford long-term care, choices are
lacking. To stimulate the supply, developers would be allowed to receive additional credit
for assisted living and other types of special housing which apply to the specific needs of
the elderly and disabled, respectively. A one-stop center to provide information on housing
choices is direly needed (see Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services).
Single -resident Occupancy Units (SRO's). Single -resident occupancy units, which are
dormitory -like structures, are particularly suitable to single farm workers and commuting
resort workers who need a place to stay during the work week. Because of the
predominance of these types of workers in Kona, developers are expected to meet their
needs.
Farm workers. To encourage more farm worker housing, a policy interpretation of the
zoning code will allow farm workers to live on a different farm than where they work.
Homeless. The Kona Housing Trust Fund, discussed in Policy HSG -1.2, will provide an
additional source of funding to meet emergency needs to abate homelessness and to
increase the supply of homeless shelters.
5. Create a Funding Source and Housing Advocate.
Turn the Second -Home Market into an Ally. Recognize the rippling effects of Kona's
booming second -home market on the construction costs and sales prices of homes,
ensure that resort residential development either build affordable units (onsite or offsite) or
pay in -lieu fees.
Establish a Non -Profit Corporation and Trust Fund. Establish a Kona Housing Trust
Fund to be administered by a Kona -based board of directors. This fund could be a
repository for HCC Chapter 11 in -lieu fees, shared appreciation proceeds, and other
designated sources. The fund would be used to finance or provide a match to subsidize
land acquisition, water commitment fees, predevelopment activities, infrastructure
improvements, and other related activities. The Trust could also facilitate matching
developers who hold affordable housing credits with those who need credits to satisfy their
HCC Chapter 11 affordable housing requirements.
6. Monitor Market Conditions and Need. Kona's housing needs, which are unique to the rest
of the County, justify the need for regional -specific data to nimbly respond to changing needs
and market conditions. The Kona Housing Trust Fund is the funding source for data collection
spearheaded by the Kona Housing Non -Profit.
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4.5.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Housing Goal: Diversity of housing choices for all segments of the population close to places
of employment and/or daily needs.
Objective HSG -1: Create Local Funding Source. To establish a non-profit entity and funding source
to address Kona's affordable housing needs, which are particularly acute relative to the other areas of
the County.
Policy HSG -1.1: Kona Housing Non -Profit. The Kona CDP Implementation Committee (see
Section 5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership) shall designate an existing non-profit
corporation, or create a new non-profit corporation, to carry out the Housing policies. The
board of directors for this Kona Housing Non -Profit shall be Kona -based. Besides
administering the Kona Housing Trust Fund, this non-profit shall carry out other responsibilities
specified in this plan.
Policy HSG -1.2: Kona Housing Trust Fund. The Kona Housing Non -Profit shall establish a
Kona Housing Trust Fund. The potential funding sources to be coordinated with the County
include linkage fees, which are funds contributed by companies requiring large numbers of
employees, in -lieu fees, shared appreciation proceeds, charitable contributions, and others.
The fund would be used as authorized by the Kona Housing Non -Profit, including without
limitation, down payment assistance to first-time homebuyers, supplemental Section 8 subsidy,
supplemental homebuyer education and counseling, homeless shelters, emergency rent, and
data gathering.
Objective HSG -2: Monitoring Housing Conditions. To gather Kona -specific data in order to adjust
to changing needs and market conditions.
Policy HSG -2.1: Data Gathering. The Kona Housing Trust Fund may be used to finance
annual gathering of relevant data, as determined by the Kona Housing Non -Profit, including,
without limitation, the following:
1. To evaluate whether adjustments of target groups are necessary:
a. Median income for North and South Kona residents;
b. Median home sales price for North and South Kona;
c. Median rental for North and South Kona;
d. % own vs. % rent.
2. To evaluate current need for affordable units:
a. Number of affordable rental units and vacancy rates (Section 8 rent units or receiving
property tax break);
b. Number of returned Section 8 vouchers;
c. Number of perpetually affordable (controlled appreciation or leased) units and vacancy
rates;
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d. Number of affordable units sold at market price (due to lack of demand for restricted
affordable unit);
e. Number on waiting list for government housing.
Objective HSG -3: Increase Buying and Renting Capacity of Target Groups. To assist the lower
income groups in obtaining decent housing and to enhance the opportunities of first-time homebuyers.
Policy HSG -3.1: Homebuyer Education and Counseling. The Kona Housing Non -Profit will
have the authority to supplement the County's homebuyer education and counseling program,
ensuring appropriate and meaningful outreach to educate prospective first-time Kona
homebuyers on strategies to save money, finance mortgages (including the potential rental
income of an accessory unit), rehabilitate credit, and other pertinent subjects.
Policy HSG -3.2: First -Time Homebuyers. The Kona Housing Non -Profit (see Policy HSG -
3.4 below) will have the authority to finance programs to assist first-time Kona homebuyers,
thus supplementing available county, state, or federal programs.
Policy HSG -3.3: Low -Income Renters. The Kona Housing Non -Profit will have the authority
to finance a program to supplement the Section 8 subsidy to pay security deposits, or provide
other assistance, in order to minimize the number of returned vouchers.
Policy HSG -3.4: Employer -Assisted Rental. The Kona Housing Non -Profit will have the
authority to assist employers who provide rental assistance to their employees for onsite
housing or housing within five (5) miles of the place of work by locating rental units and
expanding recruitment advertisements.
Objective HSG -4: Build More Units. To build more units that offer a variety of housing types,
tenures, and affordability.
Policy HSG -4.1: Public Sector and Non -profits Primarily Responsible to Meet Needs of
Lower -Income and Middle -Income Renters. Because affordable rents cannot usually fully
pay for the actual costs to develop a rental project
13, the private market cannot be relied upon to deliver these types of projects. Therefore,
public housing projects and projects using public lands or financing shall devote a significant
percentage of the residential units to meeting the needs of middle-income renters (50 to 100%
of median income) and lower-income households (less than 50% of median).
Policy HSG -4.2: Workforce Housing. Because of the higher market sales prices in Kona,
relative to the other parts of the island, even the workforce group (up to 180% of median
income) has difficulty finding housing close to work. Therefore, a developer of a housing
project in Kona may earn an affordable housing credit of 0.25 for every completed for -sale
dwelling unit affordable for qualified households earning 120-180% of median, provided that
13 See David Paul Rosen & Associates, Kona Affordable Housing Economic Analysis, p. ES -2,-6,-8.
KONA CDP 4-91
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
HOUSING POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
this provision shall be superseded by any subsequent amendment to Chapter 11 relating to
Countywide standards for workforce housing.
Policy HSG -4.3: Affordable Housing Floating Zone. In recognition of the critical affordable
housing needs in Kona, a project that meets the following criteria shall qualify as an affordable
housing floating zone:
The project is located in the Kona Urban Area;
The project area requiring rezoning totals less than 15 acres;
The project is served, will provide, or has commitments to provide all necessary
infrastructure in a timely manner;
The project consists predominantly of residential uses and at least 80% of the residential
units will be priced to be affordable;
The application includes a form of a declaration of covenants that requires 80% of all
residential units built on the subject property to be affordable under the definition of HCC
Chapter 11 Housing (including workforce), in which the declaration shall incorporate by
reference the Affordable Housing Agreement referenced below and recorded upon
rezoning approval;
The application includes a draft Affordable Housing Agreement setting forth the terms of
sale or rent, resale restrictions, and other terms, which Agreement shall be finalized and
executed between the applicant and the County Office of Housing and Community
Development prior to enactment of the rezoning ordinance.
A project meeting the above criteria entitles the applicant to the following:
The application shall be reviewed with a rebuttable presumption that the project furthers
the intent of the zoning code and is consistent with the goals, objectives, policies, and
action of the General Plan and the Kona CDP;
The application for State Land Use reclassification, as appropriate, shall be processed
concurrently with the rezoning application;
The time period for the Director's review and the Planning Commission's review shall be
60 days, respectively;
The project shall be exempt from fair share (or impact fees) conditions;
If 100% affordable, the project in concurrence with the Design Center may preempt
planning standards pursuant to HRS Section 46-15;
The project may qualify for any available subsidies from the County, Kona Housing Trust
Fund, or other sources to pay, in whole, or in part the water commitment fees.
Policy HSG -4.4: Housing Variety. The housing in TODs and TNDs shall be designed to mix
the types, tenures, and affordability at the block level, to the extent practicable. An additional
credit of 0.5 (beyond the credits specified in HCC Section 11-5) shall be recognized for senior
or disability housing units (e.g., assisted living) and affordable live -work units (see Table 4-5).
4-92 KoNA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING
Policy HSG 4.5: Innovation Encouraged for Redevelopment Projects. In Kailua Village, or
the Rural Towns and Villages, landowners or developers who wish to develop affordable'
housing by rehabilitating or adapting an existing building, building a new infill building, or
providing such housing above a commercial establishment may bring their proposal to the
Design Center. The Design Center shall assist with any building code, zoning code, or other
permitting issues to facilitate and enable the construction of such units. The level of
assistance, such as permit coordination or subsidy financing, may increase proportionate to
the number of committed affordable units.
Policy HSG -4.6: Accessory Units. Accessory ('ohana dwelling) units are encouraged in
order to increase the supply of rentals. For TODs and TNDs, any provisions in the Project
District rezoning ordinance relating to accessory units may preempt the zoning code ohana
dwelling provisions (HCC Chapter 25, Article 6, Division 3). For existing residences in
conventional zoning districts that want to add an accessory unit, the 'ohana dwelling
requirements of the zoning code apply.
Policy HSG -4.7: Pre -Approved Affordable Housing Designs. The Kona Housing Non -
Profit (see Policy HSG -1.2) shall pay for the design of standard accessory units, starter homes,
and other appropriate housing types. The County will consider expeditiously issue building
permits for pre -approved designs. These designs shall be available to interested individuals or
professional builders at nominal or no cost.
Policy HSG -4.8: Density Bonus for Affordable Housing. The developer shall be granted a
1:1 density bonus over and beyond the 10% density bonus in HCC Section 11-8 for each
affordable housing unit that exceeds the affordable housing requirements, up to a maximum
30% density bonus.
Objective HSG -5: Maintain Affordable Housing Stock. To maintain an inventory of affordable units
to meet present and future needs, while providing some opportunity for homeowners to upgrade their
housing condition through equity appreciation.
KONA CDP 4-93
Table 4-5
Housing Credit
Percentage of median Affordable housing Elderly; Disabled, or
household income credit per HCC Section Live -Work Unit Credits11-5
120-180% (proposed) 0.25 0.75
120-140°
x%
0.5 1.0'
Dwelling
Unit 100-120% 1.0 1.5
80-100% 1.5 2.0
80% 1 2.0 2.5
80-100 1.0 1.5_
Rental
Unit 60-80% 1.5 2.0
60% 2.0 2.5
HOUSING
Policy HSG 4.5: Innovation Encouraged for Redevelopment Projects. In Kailua Village, or
the Rural Towns and Villages, landowners or developers who wish to develop affordable'
housing by rehabilitating or adapting an existing building, building a new infill building, or
providing such housing above a commercial establishment may bring their proposal to the
Design Center. The Design Center shall assist with any building code, zoning code, or other
permitting issues to facilitate and enable the construction of such units. The level of
assistance, such as permit coordination or subsidy financing, may increase proportionate to
the number of committed affordable units.
Policy HSG -4.6: Accessory Units. Accessory ('ohana dwelling) units are encouraged in
order to increase the supply of rentals. For TODs and TNDs, any provisions in the Project
District rezoning ordinance relating to accessory units may preempt the zoning code ohana
dwelling provisions (HCC Chapter 25, Article 6, Division 3). For existing residences in
conventional zoning districts that want to add an accessory unit, the 'ohana dwelling
requirements of the zoning code apply.
Policy HSG -4.7: Pre -Approved Affordable Housing Designs. The Kona Housing Non -
Profit (see Policy HSG -1.2) shall pay for the design of standard accessory units, starter homes,
and other appropriate housing types. The County will consider expeditiously issue building
permits for pre -approved designs. These designs shall be available to interested individuals or
professional builders at nominal or no cost.
Policy HSG -4.8: Density Bonus for Affordable Housing. The developer shall be granted a
1:1 density bonus over and beyond the 10% density bonus in HCC Section 11-8 for each
affordable housing unit that exceeds the affordable housing requirements, up to a maximum
30% density bonus.
Objective HSG -5: Maintain Affordable Housing Stock. To maintain an inventory of affordable units
to meet present and future needs, while providing some opportunity for homeowners to upgrade their
housing condition through equity appreciation.
KONA CDP 4-93
HODS/NG
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
Policy HSG -5.1: Perpetually Affordable Units. Public agencies and non -profits that develop
or own affordable housing units shall utilize methods, such as leasing or controlled
appreciation, to ensure that sales prices of these units remain perpetually affordable.
Policy HSG -5.2: Privately -Constructed Affordable Units. For private projects subject to
affordable housing requirements, the Kona Housing Non -Profit or other non-profit shall have a
first right of refusal to 10% of the required affordable units. All affordable units shall remain
affordable for 40 years. No restrictions may apply after 40 years based on the rationale that
newer homes will replace these older homes in the affordable housing stock. During the
resale -restricted period, the level of restriction shall meet the following minimum requirements:
1sr 20 years: The affordable units shall have a minimum 20 -year controlled
appreciation restriction (cost of improvements plus appreciation based on the
Honolulu Consumer Price Index;
After 20 years: The owner may sell the property at market value with a shared
appreciation with the County or Kona Housing Non -Profit at 50%;
Right of First Refusal: After 20 -years, the Kona Housing Non -Profit shall have
the right of first refusal to purchase the unit;
Owner -occupancy: During the resale -restricted period, affordable units must
remain owner -occupied or rented out by the owner at an affordable rate as
certified by the County real property tax division pursuant to the affordable rent
provisions in HCC Chapter 19.
Policy HSG -5.3: Redevelopment Shall Not Displace Affordable Units. Where there are
concentrations of existing affordable units, redevelopment plans or projects shall ensure that
units comparable in number and affordability to the existing units are provided in the new
project, with priority given to displaced residents to purchase or rent.
Policy HSG -5.4: Renovate Under -Used Existing Rental Housing. For public housing, the
County shall explore privatization or other options with the responsible public agency if the
responsible agency is financially unable to property maintain the affordable units. For Kona, a
developer may earn affordable housing credits under HCC Chapter 11 Housing to rehabilitate
public housing rental units or units within a multi -family rental complex owned by a non-profit,
with the number of credits earned comparable to the costs the developer would have incurred
for construction of new rental units.
Objective HSG -6. Address Special Needs. To address the needs of special groups who are not
normally provided for in the free market system.
Policy HSG -6.1: Elderly and Disabled. Information services on housing choices to the
specific needs of the elderly and disabled (including caregivers) as well as potential providers,
shall be provided by a one-stop information center coordinated through the Office of Aging
see Policy PUB -3.2).
4-94 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS HOUSING
Policy HSG -6.2: Homeless and Emergency Rent. The Kona Housing Trust Fund may
finance the construction or operation of homeless shelters, and supplement or create an
emergency rent program to provide short-term (no more than six months) assistance to low-
income households who face potential homelessness as a result of unemployment, medical
payments, or other unforeseeable causes.
Policy HSG -6.3: Single -Resident Occupancy (SRO) Units. Recognizing that commuting
resort workers often prefer an affordable place to stay overnight during workdays and return
home on the off -days, that immigrant farm workers are often single, and that SRO's often are
the last resort before homelessness, developers and government housing agencies are
encouraged to provide such units in their mix of affordable housing units.
Policy HSG -6.4: Farm Worker Housing. To support Kona's agricultural industry and its
desire to strive for greater food sustainability, farm worker housing shall be a permitted use on
agricultural lands where the tenant farm worker does not have to work on the same parcel
where the farm worker housing is located.
Actions
Because the same actions in the Housing section crossover several policies, the actions are grouped
together. Acknowledging the island -wide programs, the following actions implement the Housing
policies to increase housing choices specifically for Kona:
Action HSG—a: Establish the Kona Housing Non -Profit. The Kona CDP Implementation Committee,
with assistance from OHCD, needs to designate or establish a non-profit entity (Policy HSG -1.2). The
legal form of this entity needs to be appropriated to receive community donations, receive funds from
the County Housing Trust Fund for specific projects, enter into agreements with developers (who would
sell the units encumbered with covenants) for shared appreciation on certain HCC Chapter 11 housing
units, and possibly buy certain units from developers to lease (as rentals or leased land) (OHCD, 1-2).
Action HSG—b: Operate the Kona Housing Non -Profit. Once established, the Kona Housing Non -
Profit will set up an account (Policy HSG -1.3) to fund various initiatives set forth in the policies including
the following:
1. Sponsor a design contest and retain the winner to prepare pre -approved plans for starter
homes, accessory units, or other appropriate housing types (Policy HSG -4.7); (Kona
Housing Non -Profit, 2-3)
2. Draft standard first right of refusal provision to be included in the Affordable Housing
Agreements executed between the developer and OHCD and incorporated as deed
covenants (Policy HSG -5.2); (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 1-2)
3. Exercise rights of first refusal and purchase Chapter 11 units from developers to rent or
lease to income -qualified households (Policy HSG -5.2); (Kona Housing Non -Profit, on-
going)
4. Establish programs in coordination and to supplement island -wide programs to do the
following: (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 2-3)
KONA CDP 4-95
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
HOUSING POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
i. Assist first-time homebuyers with down payments or other assistance (Policy HSG -
3.2);
ii. Work with landlords to negotiate affordable rents that qualify for property tax breaks
and/or Section S (Policy HSG -3.3);
iii. Work with employers to locate affordable for -sale or rentals in the vicinity of the
workplace (Policy HSG -3.4);
iv. Supplement the island -wide homebuyer education program to expand the outreach
in the Kona area (Policies HSG -3.1 and HSG -3.4);
V. Coordinate with other related programs to establish an emergency rent program
Policy HSG -6.2);
vi. Coordinate with OHCD and other appropriate programs to establish a Kona -specific
data gathering and market -monitoring initiative (Policy HSG -2.1);
vii. As a result of continually monitoring the needs of the Kona community, advocate or
take action to meet existing or emerging deficiencies for special needs groups (e.g.,
elderly, disabled, homeless, farmworkers) (Policies HSG -6.1, HSG -6.2, HSG -6.3,
and HSG -6.4).
Action HSG—c: For government and non -profits to produce the units at subsidy levels to meet the
needs of the lower income groups, the following actions need to be taken:
1. The County and the community (e.g., the Kona Housing Non -Profit) should encourage the
State agencies currently developing affordable projects (e.g., DHHL at Laiopua, HHFDC at
Keahuolu) to review their projects for consistency with the policies to provide affordable
rentals (Policy HSG -4.1), mix of housing types (Policy HSG -4.4), and perpetual
affordability strategies (Policy HSG -5.1); (OHCD, Kona Housing Non -Profit, DHHL,
HHFDC, on-going)
2. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should coordinate with the pertinent State and County
agencies to inventory potential public lands that are suitable for housing development and
initiate project planning or ensure land -banking for affordable housing purposes; (Kona
Housing Non -Profit, DLNR, 1-2)
3. The County or Kona Housing Non -Profit should explore privatization options with the State
housing agency. (OHCD, Kona Housing Non -Profit, 1-2)
Action HSG—d: To gain the assistance of the private sector, several existing laws have been
amended by enactment of this plan:
1. TOD/TND mixed affordable housing requirement, TOD/TND preemption of 'ohana
dwelling, Project Description Affordable Housing Floating Zone (enacted by plan).
2. Additional Chapter 11 Housing credits for workforce housing,; disabled , elderly, live/work
units; 1:1 density bonus; resale restrictions (enacted by plan).
Action HSG—e: New private developments are encouraged to creatively provide low cost/affordable
housing and meet certain needs especially critical to Kona. The Design Center should help to increase
awareness of these policies and stimulate creativity to meet these needs. Developers, with assistance
from the Design Center, are instrumental in carrying out the following: (PD/DC, on-going)
4-96 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING
1. Take advantage of the higher densities permitted in TODs and TNDs to financially support
building at least 25% affordable units , in a creative manner that results in a mix of housing
types, tenures, and affordability (see Policies HSG -4.1 to HSG -4.8);
2. Take advantage of the Affordable Housing Floating Zone;
3. Take advantage of the credits recognized to provide affordable disabled, elderly projects
and live -work units (Policy HSG -4.4), and rehabilitation of public housing units;
4. Although no additional credits are offered, strive to provide accessory (Policy HSG4.6)
and SRO (Policy HSG -6.3) units;
5. Encourage redevelopment infill projects within existing developed areas such as Kailua
Village and the Rural Towns (Policy HSG -4.5), while considering potential displacement of
any existing affordable housing (Policy HSG -5.3);
6. Take advantage of the County's interpretation of Hawai'i Revised Statutes (HRS) 205
relating to farm worker housing as well as the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines to
provide clustered farm worker housing in rural areas (Policy HSG -6.4)
KONA CDP 4-97
PUBLICFACILITIES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERV/CES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
46 PUBLIC FACILITiIES, INFRA&MRUChTiURE. ANOWEWAIJOE
The Public Facilities; Infrastructure, and Services
section of the Kona CDP identifies objectives,
policies, and actions that tie-in with and support other
sections of the Kona CDP, especially Land Use,
Transportation, Housing and Environmental
Resources. An important concept promoted by this
section is the public-private partnership required to
assure that all communities are adequately served.
4.6.1 Existing Conditions
County public facilities, infrastructure, and services
are those service systems that are provided, staffed,
and maintained by govemment or quasi -public entity
to directly serve the residents including: the systems
of parks, fire stations, police stations, refuse disposal,
drinking water, health, and energy. Transportation -
related infrastructure is covered in the Transportation
section of this plan. The County also provides
services to the elderly, as well as supplements
funding for a number of social programs.
4.6.2 Overall Strategy
Acknowledging the limited government resources for which Kona competes with other districts, the
policies in this section set forth the expectations and priorities of the Kona community to enable the
community and government to optimize the type, timing, location, financing, quality, and maintenance
of public infrastructure, facilities, and services. Although sensitive to jurisdiction, the policies and
actions attempt to set a framework to integrate the various providers-- whether County, State, Federal,
quasi -public (e.g., HELCO), or private (e.g., private hospitals or schools).
The community's expectations and priorities are guided by the following principles:
1. Public safety—the policies set a minimum level of service for essential public safety services
including police protection, fire protection, emergency response, disaster response, and
highway safety, and promote a community-based approach to crime prevention;
2. Healthcare—the policies recognize the limited role of the County and community in the
healthcare system, but frame the desired outcome to foster coordination and partnerships for
this critical basic need;
3. Growth management and environmental quality—the policies use public infrastructure to
influence the location and timing of growth such as prioritizing the infrastructure that service
TODs as an incentive to develop within TODs, as well as ensuring that this infrastructure
supports this growth in a manner that reduces waste and pollution, conserves water, and
generally minimizes environmental impacts;
4-98 KONA CDP
Pub. Fac.,
Inf., &
Guiding Principles Ser.
1. Protect Kona's natural resources
and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages, preserving
Kona's rural, diverse, and historical
character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant
economy emphasizing agriculture
and sustainable economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
4.6.2 Overall Strategy
Acknowledging the limited government resources for which Kona competes with other districts, the
policies in this section set forth the expectations and priorities of the Kona community to enable the
community and government to optimize the type, timing, location, financing, quality, and maintenance
of public infrastructure, facilities, and services. Although sensitive to jurisdiction, the policies and
actions attempt to set a framework to integrate the various providers-- whether County, State, Federal,
quasi -public (e.g., HELCO), or private (e.g., private hospitals or schools).
The community's expectations and priorities are guided by the following principles:
1. Public safety—the policies set a minimum level of service for essential public safety services
including police protection, fire protection, emergency response, disaster response, and
highway safety, and promote a community-based approach to crime prevention;
2. Healthcare—the policies recognize the limited role of the County and community in the
healthcare system, but frame the desired outcome to foster coordination and partnerships for
this critical basic need;
3. Growth management and environmental quality—the policies use public infrastructure to
influence the location and timing of growth such as prioritizing the infrastructure that service
TODs as an incentive to develop within TODs, as well as ensuring that this infrastructure
supports this growth in a manner that reduces waste and pollution, conserves water, and
generally minimizes environmental impacts;
4-98 KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES PUBLIC FACILITIES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES
4. Sense of community and quality of life—the policies recognize that the types and quality of
public facilities and services can enhance the sense of community by encouraging gathering
and interaction, by providing lifelong learning opportunities, by building appreciation and
respect for nature through trails and parks and other interactive opportunities, by nurturing the
soul through art, and cultural activities;
5. Economic catalyst—the related policies in Section 4.8 Economic Development section
identify specific public facilities that have the potential to stimulate desirable economic balance;
6. Standard of excellence—the policies set a standard of excellence in the construction,
operation, and maintenance of all public facilities and the supportive role of the community to
promote civic pride.
4.6.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services Goal: A community where the public
infrastructure and facilities are sustainably built and maintained with innovation and pride,
promote sense of community, and support a quality of life where visitors and residents feel
safe, healthy, and inspired.
Objective PUB -1: To coordinate planning and budgeting for public facilities, the Official Public
Facilities and Services Map shall identify existing and proposed public facilities.
Policy PUB.1.1: Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The Official Public Facilities
and Services Map shall identify existing and proposed public facilities. Proposed facilities shall
distinguish whether the mapped site is committed or requires further planning. On the premise
that the mapped proposed facilities are priority, only those proposed facilities shown on the
map shall be eligible for funding (see Figures 4-10a to 4-10c). (Enacted by plan)
PUBLIC SAFETY
Objective PUB -2: Public Safety. To establish a minimum level of service for public safety resources
in order to identify deficiencies and plan for future growth, and to recognize that how we design our
communities can help to prevent crime.
Policy PUB -2.1: Law Enforcement Level of Service. To enable timely response over a
geographic area spanning approximately 60 miles long, there should be, at a minimum, a
police station for North Kona and another police station for South Kona. The North Kona
police station should have an adequately -sized holding jail and should be located near the
court for efficient operations. Until superseded by a county -wide standard, the number of
police officers for each district should be planned and budgeted at 4 officers/1000 persons in
order to cover three shifts with a minimum of three officers per shift (Personal Communication,
Chief Lawrence Mahuna, December 19, 2007).
Action PUB -2.1a: Plan a new North Kona police station to be located within the
Honokohau Village TOD and program for design and construction funding
Police, 5.10).
KoNA CDP 4-99
PUBLIC FACILITIES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
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4-100 KONA CDP
Kiholo
Kaupulehu
Makalawena
Keahole
Kailua
Keauhou
Kaawaloa
Napoopoo
LEGEND
Lifeguard Station'
Fire Station'
Fire Station - Volunteer'
Proposed Fire Station`-"
0 Police*
Proposed Police Station'
Hospital'
Proposed Hospital—
Emergency Shelters'
Bus Baseyard*'
Financing Districts*
Proposed Transit Line
Trunk
Secondary
OKona Urban Area
ORural Town TODs
r'CDP Planning Area
Existing Roadway
Policy layer.
Specific location to be determined.
Miles
0 2 4 8
1 inch equals 4 miles
urce: County of Hawaii
e County of Hawaii Planning Department is
r repository of the official map.
0
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Milolii
Manuka
0
Kona Community Deveiopme
Figure 9
Official Public Facilities and Services Map - Public S
x
PUBLIC FACILITIES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
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4-102 KONA CDP
Kona Community Development plan
Figure 4-10b.
Official Public Facilities and Services Map - Community Facilities
da3 b'Nom
uelQ 891 AIleuoguep 96ed s141
bo l -P
SNOTLOy ONV S310170d S3O1AN3S ONY 3HiuD 7b'1Sb6r&N/
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Keauhou
Kealakekua
LEGEND
Priority Sewer Area -
Wastewater Re -use Area*
Wastewater Treatment Plant*
Natural Wastewater System*--**
Existing Transfer Station*
A Proposed Transfer Station*-**
Financing Districts*
17-1 Kona Urban Area
Rural Town TODs
QLDP Planning Area
Existing Roadway
Policy Layer
Specific location to be determined.
Miles
0 2 4 8
1 inch equals 4 miles
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The County of Hawaii Planning Department is
the repository of the official map.
Q
MOIR
0
Kona Community Development Plan
Figure 4-10c
Official Public Facilities and Services Map -,Waste Management
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
PUBLIC FACILIT/ES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES
Action PUB -2.1b: Coordinate with the State to relocate the circuit and district
courts to the Honokohau Village TOD (State Judiciary, PD, 5.10).
Action PUB -2.1c: Design and construct the relocated South Kona police
station. The County is in the process of acquiring a site (TMK: 8-2.001:072 and
084) (Police, 2.3).
Action PUB -2.1d: Support the addition of manpower for policing efforts (Police,
on-going).
Policy PUB -2.2: Crime Prevention Emphasis. The community policing program with its
emphasis on building relationships and partnerships with the community plays a vital role in
creating a safe Kona. But, beyond community organization and education programs, such as
the Neighborhood Watch Program, the presence of these police officers on foot or on bicycles
in villages instills a sense of public safety. The design of new or renovated buildings or public
facilities shall consider environmental design principles that prevent crime.
Action PUB -2.2a: Support for the community policing program should continue
Police, on-going).
Action PUB -2.2b: In Villages (e.g., Kailua Village, TODs, rural towns), consider
reinstating the bicycle patrols (Police, 3-5).
Action PUB -2.2c: Through a Business Improvement District or other
organization, partner with downtown businesses to enhance security and
orderliness (KVID,1-2).
Action PUB -2.2d: Develop a public safety audit checklist and conduct
neighborhood and downtown safety walks to identify potential crime spots or
unsafe areas (Police, KVID, COMM, 2-3).
Action PUB -2.2e: Incorporate in the Village Design Guidelines crime prevention
through environmental design principles (PD, 3.5).
Policy PUB -2.1 Fire Protection, EMS, Rescue, HazMat
Level of Service. Until superseded by a county -wide
standard, fire station locations should be planned to provide a
response time of 8 minutes in the Urban Area (10 mile radius
with 5 mile overlap) and 12 minutes in the rural areas (15 mile
radius with 5 mile overlap). All fire stations should provide fire
protection and EMS services. Rescue services should be
provided by ground and sea by at least one station in each
district, and by helicopter to service the North Kona and South
Kona districts. One station should have HazMat capability to
service the North Kona and South Kona districts.
KONA CDP 4-107
PUBLIC FACILIr/ES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Adapted from: Zelinka, A. and D. Brennan, Safescape: Creating Safer, More Livable Communities Through
Planning and Design. Chicago: Planners Press, American Planning Association, 2001.
Fear of crime impairs quality of life and sense of community. Certain features of the physical environment
contribute to fear. People fear signs of deterioration, such as broken windows, graffiti, trash, as a signal that a
place is no longer maintained or controlled by those who live or work there, thus, becoming attractive targets
for potential criminals. Other physical features such as bushes, low lighting, and dark tunnels limit the ability
to see into a place where someone may be hiding, or limit the ability to escape (e.g., deadends). The CPTED
approach to crime prevention is a shift in the discipline of criminology from a paradigm of examining the
individual criminal to one which studies the crime event, i.e., the physical and social environments that make
the opportunity for a crime to be committed exceed the risk of apprehension.
The three tenets of CPTED are as follows:
Natural access control: the physical guidance of people coming and going from a space by the
judicial placement of entrances, exits, signs, fencing, landscaping, lighting, and waylinding
assistance such as kiosks. People should have information to know where to go and avoid feeling
lost and confused. Criminals should have not only a difficult time entering a space without being
observed, but also should be provided with no opportunities to justify or rationalize their presence
trespassing into private or semiprivate spaces.
Natural surveillance: the organization of physical features, activities, and people in such a way as
to maximize visibility (i.e., users would feel they will be seen if they do something illegitimate). The
placement of windows, doors, and common areas; the alignment of sidewalks and paths; the
locations and levels of lighting; and the proper design and size of open spaces ran contribute to
natural surveillance opportunities. The built environment that supports socialization and interaction
with others reduces fear of others and enhances public safety because we are more apt to look out
for those with whom we are familiar.
Territorial reinforcement: the use of physical attributes that express ownership, such as fences,
pavement treatments, art, signage, and landscaping to clearly design a hierarchy of spaces: public
intended for all to use); semiprivate (intended for specific users or uses); and private (intended for
private use by businesses and homeowners). A sense of ownership and stewardship ensures
continued management and maintenance to avoid deterioration.
Physical design should not be the exclusive focus. Social structures such as community police, community
organizations, and events complement the physical design strategy.
Action PUB -2.3a: Existing and proposed fire stations meet the level of service
for the Urban Area. A new fire station is needed in South Kona in the vicinity of
Ho`okena (Fire, 5-10).
Policy PUB -2.4: Beach Safety Level of Service. Lifeguard stations should be located at
County and State beach parks, in accordance with the "Needs Assessment Study" prepared by
the County Fire Department as shown on Figure 4-10a Public Facilities and Services Map -
Public Safety.
Action 2.4a: Identify proposed lifeguard stations on the Official Public Facilities
Map (Fire, PD, on-going).
Policy PUB -2.5: Highway Safety Level of Service. In order to reduce the number of motor
vehicle traffic accidents, high-risk locations or hot spots should be identified in order to improve
roadway safety.
4-10B KONA CDP
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
PUBLIC FACILITIES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERV/CES
Action PUB -2.5a: Identify motor vehicle related fatalities and injuries (Police,
DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going).
Action PUB -2.5b: Improve data collection, assessment, and dissemination of
information (Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going).
Action PUB -2.5c: Encourage an integrated planning and design process for
improvements in roads, emergency medical services, and public transportation
Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going).
Policy PUB -2.6: Disaster Shelters and Critical Facilities.
hurricane -proof shelters concurrent with the growing populatior
4-10a Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Public Safety
evaluated by the Civil Defense regarding whether or n
specifications to be hardened to serve as a hurricane shelter.
shall be appropriately designed to withstand all hazards.
HEALTHCARE
There shall be adequate
Where designated on Figure
new public buildings shall be
of the design should include
Any new fire station or hospital
Action PUB -2.6a: Identify additional disaster shelters and critical facilities
where deficient (State and County CD, 3.5).
Objective PUB -3: Healthcare. To ensure access to healthcare and promote a healthy lifestyle.
Policy PUB -3.1: Medical Care. The community shall support a viable medical clinic to
ensure a safety net for those without health insurance or those unable to access the
mainstream medical system.
Action PUB -3.1a: Coordinate with the County of Hawaii Healthcare Crisis Plan
Mayor's Office, 3.5).
See Related Policy ECON-1.1 Hospital as Stimulus for Healthcare Industry.
Policy PUB -3.2: Long -Term Care. An information center/activity center shall serve as a
clearinghouse for the community-based and institutional long-term care choices available.
This resource center may be co -located with a senior recreational center in Kailua.
Action PUB -3.2a: Plan, design, and construct an information center/activity
center for the disabled and elderly (OA, 5.10).
Policy PUB -3.3: Preventive Health through Walkable Communities. Through the Village
Design Guidelines' pedestrian -friendly street standards, Kona shall be known as an avid
walking and biking community conducive to all ages. Also refer to Policy LU -2.2 TOD/TND
Components.
KoNA CDP 4-109
PUBLIC FACILITIES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES
CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Policy PUB -3.4: Universal Access. As its expression of compassion and caring, the Kona
community shall take pride in having all public facilities accessible to the disabled and
respectful of the accessible parking stalls.
Action PUB -3.4a: Continue to work with the police department to assist in
accessible parking enforcement (Police, on-going).
Action PUB -3.4b: Offer educational programs to sensitize residents to the
challenges of the blind, deaf, or wheel -chair bound person (One Stop
Community Resource Center, R&D, 2.3).
Action PUB -3.4c: Continue to implement curb ramp program for streets and
sidewalks and parks and recreation program facilities (PR, DPW, on-going).
GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Objective PUB -4: Growth Management. To prioritize and locate
growth -supporting infrastructure (water, sewer, drainage) to support the
TODs and infill development and to minimize the environmental
impacts of such growth.
Policy PUB -4.1: Water for TODs. To encourage and direct
development to the TODs, a priority shall be to provide an
appropriately sized water transmission line within the
Keohokalole Highway Corridor, and to flexibly enable water
allocation policies to support the Kona CDP land use policy to
concentrate growth within the TODs, in lieu of sprawl.
Action PUB -4.1a: Update, as necessary, DWS's
master plan for Kona to support future growth in
the TODs (DWS, 2.3).
Action PUB -4.1b: Amend DWS's Rules, as necessary, to support the Kona CDP
land use policies (DWS, 3.5).
Policy PUB -4.2: South Kona Water System. In recognition that the extension of the County
water system south beyond its existing limit at Ho'okena would increase the growth pressures
to convert agricultural land to urban uses, the South Kona County water system shall not be
extended further south. (Enacted by plan)
Policy PUB -4.3: Agricultural Water. Recognizing the importance of agriculture as part of
the rural character of Kona, the pervasiveness of small farms, and the critical need for irrigation
in Kona's relatively dry climate, DWS shall develop a policy to implement best efforts to serve
the agricultural water needs of the Kona area. This policy is not intended to subsidize the
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES PUBLIC FACILITIES,
POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERV/CES
farmers. Instead, the intent is to explore cost-effective systems to provide water for irrigation
purposes, set water rates that encourage the small farms, and to ensure that these agricultural
customers are committed to agriculture and use the water responsibly. Towards this end, the
policies may consider agricultural dedication for property tax purposes (to evidence a
commitment to agriculture) and the use of best practices irrigation (to evidence responsible
water use) as a condition to receive DWS agricultural water rates.
Action PUB -4.3a: Develop policies and plans to provide water for agricultural
use, and amend DWS's Rules accordingly (DWS, 3-5).
Action PUB -4.3b: Develop an irrigation best practices certification program
SWCD, 2.3).
Action PUB4.3c: Develop an application form to facilitate verification of the
agricultural dedication and irrigation best practices certification (DWS, 2.3).
Action PUB4.3d: Update Kona water system master plan to incorporate
agricultural water component (DWS, 3.5).
Policy PUB -4.4: Sewer Priorities. In order to protect the nearshore water quality, the
requirement to hookup to the County sewer system (HCC Section 21-5) shall be strictly
enforced. The highest priority in expanding the sewer system within the Kona Urban Area
shall be to service any shoreline properties that do not have access to a public sewer system
and then to service lots within approximately 1 mile of the shoreline. Any new subdivision
within 1 mile of shoreline within the Kona Urban Area shall either hookup to the public sewer
system, or provide a private treatment system, and/or install dry sewers (see Figure 4-10c
Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management). Private wastewater collection
systems within the 1 mile zone shall be designed and constructed to County standards to
enable potential connection to County sewer system. The County shall ensure that TODs can
be served by the public sewer system in a timely manner.
Action PUB -4.4a: Identify the violators and enforce the sewer hookup
requirements (DEM, 1-2).
Action PUB -4.4b: Develop a sewer plan to service the Kahalu`u area (DEM, 3.5).
Action PUB -4.4c: Update the sewerage master plan to service the entire Kona
Urban Area with priority to the TODs and the areas within approximately 1 mile
of the shoreline (DEM, 3-5).
Policy PUB -4.5: Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse. The Kealakehe Wastewater
Treatment Plant shall be expanded to accommodate the projected sewage volume from the
Urban Area extending south of Hina Lani Street to the Keauhou Wastewater Treatment Plant
service area. A new County wastewater treatment plant shall be located in the vicinity shown
on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management and designed
KONA CDP 4-111
PUBLIC FACILITIES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
to the extent feasible to utilize a natural treatment system that can double as an open space
feature.
Action PUB -4.5a: Master plan the expansion
of the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant
DEM, 1-2).
Action PUB4.5b: Master plan the
development of a new wastewater treatment
plant servicing north of Hina Lani Street that
considers the feasibility of natural treatment
systems (DEM, 2-3).
Action PU13 4.5c: Master plan a
comprehensive wastewater reclamation
system to maximize reuse (DEM, 2.3).
Recycled Water — treated wastewater that
by design is intended or used for beneficial
purpose.
R-1 Water — recycled water that is at all
times oxidized, then filtered, and then
exposed, after the fiHration process
Significant reduction in viral and bacterial
pathogens).
R-2 Water — recycled water that has been
oxidized, and disinfected (Disinfected
secondary recycled water).
R-3 Water — oxidized wastewater
Undisinfected secondary recycled water).
Policy PUB -4.6 Wastewater Reuse Area: Recognizing the limited drinking water supply in
the Kona area, every effort should be taken to develop a feasible wastewater reclamation
system for non -potable uses. Also refer to Policy TRAN-3.3. The wastewater reuse area
should be, at a minimum, located mauka of the shoreline up to Keohokalole Highway (Mid -
Level Road), north of Palani Road and south of Huliko'a Drive (see Figure 4-10c Official Public
Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management).
Action PUB -4.6a: Future wastewater reuse areas shall be identified on Figure 4-
10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management (DPW, PD,
on-going).
Policy PUB -4.7: Urban Stormwater Management. In recognition that stormwater runoff
transports sediment and contaminants, thereby threatening the degradation of Kona's coastal
water quality, and that Kona's undefined drainageways and susceptibility to intense rainfall cause
flash flooding that threatens life and property, innovative solutions are necessary to address Kona's
unique conditions and to guide future development and flood management projects.
Acknowledging the complexity of managing stormwater, a stormwater management program
tailored to Kona shall evolve through a public education and training phase, voluntary incentives,
and the ultimate development of Stormwater Management Guidelines that will regulate
development and establish standards for public projects. The evolution of this program shall
consider the following:
a) a connected hierarchical overflow system where overflows from 10 -year storm facilities
e.g., drywells) are directed to higher -capacity flood management systems, so that the total
system can safely accommodate a 100 -year storm;
b) use of natural drainageways and retention areas to the extent possible to maximize
infiltration (groundwater recharge), filtration, and settling;
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS OBJECTIVES,
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PUBLIC FACILITIES,
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c) multi-purpose use of the higher -capacity (e.g., 25 -year, 50 -year, 100 -year) flood
management facilities for recreation or other uses since these areas will flood infrequently;
d) engineered "natural" flow ways to direct the sheetflow runoff into more defined
drainageways; ,
e) onsite retention measures, such as rainwater harvesting methods;
f) street standards that minimize runoff and transport of sediment and contaminants;
g) watershed management system perspective;
h) Based on the Stormwater Management Program, existing and proposed stormwater
management flow ways and facilities shall be shown on the Official Public Facilities and
Services Map, especially those maintained by the County.
Action PUB -4.7a: Hire a consultant to develop Stormwater Management
Program and Guidelines, incentives, and EducationlTraining Program, such as
Low Impact Development (LID). (DPW, 2.3).
Action PUB -4.7b: Implement the education and training program; adopt and
publicize the incentives; adopt and enforce the Stormwater Management
Guidelines (DPW, 2-3).
SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Objective PUB- 5: Zero Waste. To maximize recycling, reuse, and reduction.
Policy PUB -5.1: Integrated Waste Disposal. To the extent feasible, Kona's proposed
natural system wastewater treatment facility shall be co -located with a non -edible crop, such
as a biofuel crop, to use the R-1 wastewater effluent, and also co -located with Kona's green
waste composting site to compost the sludge from the wastewater treatment facility for use on
biofuel crop.
Action PUB -5.1a: Find entrepreneur(s) for biofuel crop (R&D, 3.5).
Action PUB -5.1b: Master plan concept and financing for new natural system
wastewater treatment facility and relocated transfer stationlrecycling center;
obtain DLNR approval to use State land (DEM, 5-10).
Policy PUB -5.2: Solid Waste. Within the Kona Urban Area, to increase the capture of
recyclable materials and also to decrease the number of automobile trips, the County shall
explore feasible alternatives for residential curbside collection, including source -separated
recyclables.
KONA CDP 4-113
PUBLIC FAC/L/T/ES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERV/CES POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS
SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Objective PUB -6. Quality of Life. To foster a sense of
community and health through the public realm such as gathering
places, parks, pedestrian networks, and open spaces.
Policy PUB -6.1: Gathering Places. TODs shall include
appropriate public gathering areas, such as plazas, in
accordance with the Village Design Guidelines. The
planning and design of such public spaces shall address
any maintenance requirements. (Enacted by plan)
Policy PUB -6.2: Active Recreation Opportunities. A
range of recreational opportunities shall be provided to
encourage physical activity and interaction among
toddlers, youth, teens, adults, and seniors, including,
without limitation the following:
a) Regional park (minimum 50 acres)—New regional park at Kealakehe as shown on the
Public Facilities Plan to include playfields, multi-purpose building (e.g., gymnasium)
b) Kona Civic Auditorium or Performing Arts Center. Facility to provide a venue for major
entertainment, social, cultural, and performing arts opportunities.
c) District park (10-30 acres)—Upgrade the Old Airport Park to enhance the playfields,
swimming pool, multi-purpose building, courts (basketball, tennis, volleyball), tot lots,
fitness area, pet area, and skateboard area; locate a district park to service South Kona to
include playfields, multi-purpose use building (e.g., community/senior center, gym), and a
d)
e)
tot lot
Community parks (4-8 acres)—A community park should
the Urban Area to include, at a minimum, playfields and
Public Facilities Plan to provide
adequate playfields for youth leagues;
multi-purpose use of school
playgrounds should be candidates for
these types of parks.
Neighborhood parks (up to 4 acres) –
Subdividers shall provide
neighborhood parks (including
community gardens, community
centers, pocket parks, and pet parks)
mile apart for area residents and
provide for private maintenance or pay
a fee pursuant to HCC Chapter 8.
be located 2 miles apart within
a restroom, as designated in the
Action PUB -6.2a: Identify deficiencies to the park system described in Policy
PUB -6.2. Include consideration of the following (PD, DPR, on-going):
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES, PUBLIC FAC/UT/ES,
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skateboard areas
network of walking paths and historic trails to be integrated into and
between future development projects in both rural and urban areas
pet -friendly parks and leashed dog walking areas with appropriate
facilities
Action PUB -6.2b: Establish a Master Plan for expansion and improvement of the
Old Airport as a district park (PR, PD, 1-2).
Action PUB -6.2c: Begin the process to find a location and funding for the Kona
Civic Auditorium. Invite public input regarding design requirements and
preferences (PR, PD, 2-3).
Action PUB -6.2d: Prepare Master Plan for Kealakehe Regional Park (PR, PD, 3-5).
Action PUB -6.2e. Begin the process to find location, acquire site, prepare
Master Plan, and fund a South Kona District Park (including integrated
community services center) (PD, PR, 3.5).
Policy PUB -6.3: Optimize recreational facilities in the rural areas.
Action PUB -6.3a: Establish, in cooperation with the State Department of
Education, joint use of school facilities for recreational and community use (e.g.
Konawaena, Honaunau, and Ho`okena Schools) (PR, DOE, PD, on-going).
Policy PUB -6.4: Environment as a Public Realm and Classroom. For Kona, nature is the
most culturally significant public realm as the setting for interaction, stewardship, and learning.
The Open Space Network is the primary access point to nature and culture. The purpose of
this policy is to emphasize the educational value of the Open Space Network (see Policy ENV -
2.1 Open Space Network Program), to accordingly design this Network with interpretive
opportunities, to encourage teachers to incorporate the Network into their activities, for the
visitor industry to sensitively share learning opportunities of the Network with visitors, for
residents to use the Network opportunities to interact with nature whether for leisure or
subsistence purposes, and to develop deeper respect for people and places through cultural
learning opportunities accessed through the Network.
Action PUB— 6.4c: See Actions ENV -2.1a CR -1.1e.
Policy PUB -6.5: Public Art. In recognition of Kona's embrace of cultural traditions,
opportunities should be sought to creatively incorporate public art into public areas or facilities,
to create a sense of place.
KONA CDP 4-115
PUBLIC FACILITIES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
Action PUB -6.5a: Consider 1% of public facilities construction budget to be
allocated for public art at new County facilities (Kona CDP Implementation
Committee, on-going).
Policy PUB -6.6: Important Role of
Schools in Creating a Sense of
Community. The quality of its schools
defines the quality of the Kona community.
Quality schools show the caring of the
community for its children. Quality
schools are an investment in the quality of
the future, which create outstanding
citizens who acquire market -competitive
survival skills.
Encourage the placement of an
elementary school campus in
every Neighborhood TODfTND.
Link intermediate schools to the public transportation line.
Encourage schools to be utilized as community hubs for family -centered recreation
and learning.
Encourage local governance of public schools.
Where DOE plans do not provide for development of planned school sites, charter or
private school alternatives should be sought.
To provide life-long learning opportunities and to draw the community into the schools,
the schools and the community are encouraged to develop community-based, after-
school programs open to all ages.
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
Objective PUB -7. Standard of Excellence. To set a standard of excellence in design, operation, and
maintenance for public workers in Kona to strive toward and for the community to encourage such
efforts through partnerships.
Policy PUB -7.1: Excellence in Design. Design of County facilities shall be evaluated on a
life cycle cost basis, accept a higher level of risk for innovation where government has the
opportunity to lead by example, and a reasonable premium to incorporate aesthetics or
character.
Action PUB -7.1a: Use charrettes to the extent practicable in the design process
of County facilities to involve the community, broaden the design input with
multi -disciplinary expertise, and stimulate creativity (DPW, PD, on-going).
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
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PUBLIC FACILITIES,
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Action PUB -7.1b: Update the community at milestones in the design process
such as at the end of the schematic, design development, and pre-bid
construction documents phases (DPW, PD, on-going).
Policy PUB -7.2: Excellence in Maintenance. If the community and responsible public
workers cannot stand next to the public facility with pride, then that is a call to action for both
the community and the responsible public agency.
Action PUB -7.2a: Develop a maintenance level of service for parks and
streetscapes to establish a baseline expectation (PR, DPW, 2.3).
Action PUB -7.2b: Encourage adopt -a -park and adopt -a -street civic participation
to meet the level of service expectations (PR, COMM., on-going).
Action PUB -7.2c: Provide for upgrading and maintenance to the public facilities
in critical need of attention (PR, DPW, on-going):
I. Develop a strategic management plan for upgrading facilities at Kahalu'u
Beach Park, La'aloa Bay Beach Park, Hale Halawai, Higashihara Park,
Yano Hall.
ii. Maintain parks and public facilities in remote areas, such as Miloli'i.
Action PUB -7.2d: Increase lighting at public restrooms (PR, DPW, 2.3).
Action PUB -7.2e: Open existing public restrooms that are currently closed (e.g.
Kainaliu), and provide for more public restrooms in strategic locations (e.g. Hale
Halawai, pier in Kailua) (PR, DPW, 1-2).
Action PUB -7.2f: Initiate a process to establish a monthly, scheduled
maintenance review of public facilities in Kona (PR, DPW, 1-2).
Policy PUB -7.3: Recruitment Incentives. Since government's ability to achieve excellence
depends on its ability to fill positions with qualified workers, and since affordable housing close
to work is one of the primary obstacles to recruitment, housing projects where government
provides land or other substantial resources shall give a high priority to government workers
purchasing or renting units within the project.
PUBLIC SERVICES AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS
Objective PUB— 8: To promote the cooperation between government, citizens and organizations, and
to facilitate the development of programs to strengthen families and communities.
Policy PUB -8.1: One -Stop Community Resource Center. The County shall serve as point
of community access for information and referral for health, education and social services.
KONA CDP 4-117
PUBLIC FAC/LIT/ES, CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS
This is not to duplicate services or provide direct services provided by private service
organizations, but to foster maximum utilization of all available resources.
Action PUB -8.1a: The County shall work with community to establish One -Stop
Community Resource Center (R&D, COMM., 3.5).
1. The County shall provide a community resource staff member at a
central location.
2. Staff will be knowledgeable about community resources for families and
individuals.
3. Staff will assist community members navigating public systems and
understand eligibility criteria for public and privately offered programs.
4. The resource center will be able to identify gaps in services for families
and individuals and advocate for improved access to and availability of
services.
Action PUB -8.1b: Increase funding for the Healing Our Island Program (R&D, 3-
5).
Action PUB -8.1c: Increase transportation options, especially small vans, in
order to reduce rural isolation and increase access to programs, jobs, and
activities (R&D, MT, 2.3).
Action PUB -8.1d: Increase demand -response transportation through the use of
small vans in order to increase accessibility to drug and alcohol treatment and
programs (R&D, MT, 3.5).
Action PUB -8.1e: Increase the number of therapeutic living programs and
facilities (R&D, MT, OA, 3.5).
Action PUB- 8.1f: Develop a de-tox program in Kona (COMM., non-profit, 1).
Action PUB -8.1g: Establish a youth intake center to provide more immediate
intervention for youth in Kona (COMM., non-profit, 1.2).
Action PUB -8.1h: Expand partnerships among substance abuse treatment
providers and improve coordination and integration of services (COMM, non-
profit, on-going).
Policy PUB -8.2: The County shall serve as an advocate for programs serving the elderly,
disabled, and homeless persons.
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECT/VES,
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Action PUB -8.2a: Provide demand -response transportation (e.g. small vans) for
the elderly, youth, and disabled (RBD, MT, 3.5).
Action PUB -8.2b: Expand partnerships among providers and improve
coordination and integration of services for residents with disabilities or special
needs (COMM., non-profit, OA, on-going).
Action PUB -8.2c: The County shall provide a new homeless shelter and an
opportunity for transitional living to low income rental housing (OA, 3-5).
RNMENERGY
The Energy section of the Kona CDP identifies that
objectives, policies, and actions that will guide Kona
toward energy sustainability. Energy is a key
component for achieving a sustainable community,
which is a guiding principle of the Kona CDP. In that
regard, it supports other sections of the Kona CDP,
particularly Housing; Transportation; Land Use; and,
Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services.
4.7.1 Existing Conditions
The Island of Hawai'i, including the Kona Districts,
depends almost entirely on foreign sources of fuel for
its energy needs. Over 70% of electricity generation
and virtually all transportation fuel currently use
imported petroleum products. High crude oil prices
are linked with this island's high electricity prices,
which are more than three times the national
average. Gasoline prices are among the highest in
the nation.
Guiding Principles Energy
1. Protect Kona's natural resources
and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages, preserving
Kona's rural, diverse, and historical
character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant
economy emphasizing agriculture
and sustainable economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
Kona has one power plant, the Keahole Power Plant, that currently uses imported petroleum diesel.
Energy policies have a pervasive influence on other related policies:
Housing. Energy policies can lower residents' energy costs for housing and commuting, thereby
providing more funds for home financing or renting;
Transportation and Land Use. Transportation and Land use policies that reduce dependence on
the automobile through compact, walkable, mixed use, villages and expansion of the transit system
also reduce fuel consumption;
Environment.
Global warming. Energy policies that support energy conservation and replacement of fossil
fuels with renewable energy sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions ;
KONA CDP 4-119
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CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES,
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Open space. Energy policies provide further justification to preserve forests and other natural
open spaces that lower air temperature and remove ("sequester') carbon dioxide;
Economy. Energy policies can stimulate new local business opportunities (e.g., solar water heater
installers, 31d party distributed energy providers). Additionally, savings from energy conservation
measures translate into more disposable income for individuals and working capital for businesses.
The dollars from new local businesses, disposable income spending, and working capital re-
circulate in the local economy, thus creating more economic benefit than importing from foreign
sources.
4.7.2 Overall Strategy
Most energy policies need to apply equally to the entire county, and should not be limited to a particular
community plan. The overall strategy for the energy policies in this section, therefore, are intended to
inspire individuals as well as private and public organizations to embrace these broader initiatives.
There are also certain policies that are highlighted as unique to the conditions of Kona.
The overall strategy for the energy policies is to reduce per capita demand and move toward renewable
energy sources through the following:
Energy efficiency in transportation (County transit, automobile fleet purchasers). Transportation
fuels account for over 75% of the energy demand on Hawai'i Island.? Most of the transportation
fuel is consumed for ground transportation, with aviation accounting for 23%. The related polices
in Transportation and Land Use reduce transportation fuel usage by expanding the mass transit
system and creating more compact, mixed-use walkable villages.
Energy efficiency in homes and buildings (builders, designers, homeowners). Residential use
accounts for the largest share of electrical demand on the island and drives the peak period
demand. Large homes are a recent phenomenon in Kona that consume large amounts of energy,
particularly for air conditioning. Residential structures in the County are currently exempt from
complying with the Model Energy Code. The policy is to encourage the removal of this exemption
for the new larger residences.
Conservation and energy efficiency of the water system (DWS). The DWS is the largest single
user of electricity on, the island. Since it uses most of this electricity to pump water, the policies
encourage DWS to reduce the amount of water it needs to pump by controlling leaks and
promoting water conserving appurtenances (essential for Kona's dry climate). Moreover, by
adding power -generating pressure reducing valves (taking advantage of Kona's sloping
topography), some of the power can be recovered.
Renewable energy sources (HELCO, private providers). The policies encourage LEED and other
sustainable building standards to be used, beginning with the County, which would lead the charge
by example.
7 Johnson, J., et al, Hawai'i County Baseline Energy Analysis, prepared for the Kohala Center and County of Hawai'i, May
2006.
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4.7.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Energy Goal: Establish Kona as a model for sustainability and energy self sufficiency.
Objective ENGY-1. To provide a multi -prong framework, including standards, innovations,
incentives, and education, to reduce the dependency on imported fossil fuels through energy
efficiency and renewable energy generation.
Policy ENGY-1.1: Energy Building Standards for New Residences. Recognizing that
residential housing is the largest consumer of electricity (38%) and that air conditioning as a
significant driver of residential demand is a relatively recent phenomenon in West Hawai'i due
to the numerous larger homes, this Kona CDP supports the mandatory application of the
Model Energy Code to residential structures with gross living floor area of 6,000 square feet
s.f.) and over (Davies, M. et al, October 3, 2007). For residences less than 6,000 s.f., this
CDP supports expedited permit processing by the County for builders who voluntarily employ
energy efficient measures certified under the Hawai'i BuiltGreen a EnergyStar,9 or LEED
programs.to
Action ENGY-1.1a: Provide a standard logo label to stick onto the title page of
building plans to alert the Kona permitting agencies to expedite processing
DPW -BD, PD, -2).
Policy ENGY-1.2: Energy Saving Renovation for Existing Residences. For existing home
retrofits, investigate establishing a Home Performance with EnergyStar (HpwES) program, as
modified and implemented in the State of Oregon." Trained and certified contractors work
with homeowners to assess the energy performance of a residence, list recommended
improvements, and analyze the approximate payback period (identifying and factoring eligible
tax credits). (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 2-3)
Policy ENGY-1.3. Mortgage Incentives. Advocate for a mortgage program that provides
combined benefits for energy efficiency (to increase marketability of certified homes) and
location efficiency (to increase marketability of homes in the walkable transit -oriented villages).
B Hawai'i BuiltGreen is a self -certification program administered by the Building Industry Association of Hawai'i, which is a
professional trade organization affiliated with the National Association of Home Builders. This is a local initiative based on
homegrown knowledge of professionals familiar with the unique conditions of Hawaii. See www.HawaiiBuiltGreen.com for
more information.
9 EnergyStar, a joint program of the U.S. EPA and U.S. Dept of Energy, is a rigorous certification of energy efficiency.
There is an EnergyStar certification for products and a separate certification for homes. Builders of EnergyStar homes can
qualify for the Energy Efficient Home Tax Credit for Builders for federal income taxes. See www.energystar.gov for more
information.
10 Hawaii Revised Statutes section 46-19.6 requires all county agencies to place a "priority on processing of permit
applications for construction projects incorporating energy and environmental design building standards."
11 The Oregon program is described in Davies, M., et al, page 108. For details, see
http:i/www.enerqytrust.org/residenbalAndex.html .
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Action ENGY-1.3a: Work with lenders to publicize available mortgage programs.
Currently, there are conventional, FHA, and VA Energy -Efficient Mortgages, but
Location -Efficient Mortgages are currently available only in select metropolitan
areas (Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco, LA). There is no mortgage program at
this time that is a composite of the two (Credit Unions and other lenders, 3.5).
Policy ENGY-1.4: Energy -Related Water System Technology and Practices. As the
largest single consumer of electricity in Hawai'i County, water conservation programs by the
DWS translate into energy conservation programs. Aggressive efforts to fix water leaks and
conserve water (e.g., dual -flush toilets, drip landscape irrigation systems, and low -flow shower
heads) save energy by reducing the need to pump water. To take advantage of Kona's sloping
terrain, consider installation of power generating -pressure reducing valves, which are turbines
placed on existing water lines that produce electricity while relieving water pressure for
domestic use at lower elevations.
Action ENGY-1.4a: Finance a leak detection program for the County Kona water
systems (DWS, 3.5).
Action ENGY-1.4b: Install photovoltaic systems to power deep well pumps for
the County Kona wells (DWS, 3.5).
Action ENGY-1.4c: Pilot installations of power generating -pressure reducing
valves in Kona are in progress (DWS, on-going).
Policy ENGY-1.5: Distributed Energy and
Other Innovative Technology Support.
Photovoltaic systems are typically used as
distributed generation when connected to the
electrical grid where they have the potential to sell
excess energy back to the grid. This is an
emerging technology with challenges for the utility
to incorporate such systems into the grid. This
policy is aspirational and expresses general
support in whatever way possible (e.g., permit
coordination, grants) to encourage further
development in this endeavor.
Policy ENGY-1.6: Alternative Fuel for Keahole Power Plant. Consider biofuel to replace
fossil fuel at the Keahole Power Plant.
Policy ENGY-1.7: County Lead by Example. For projects and offices in Kona, the County
shall lead by example in the following areas:
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a. New buildings—certified by LEED, EnergyStar, or Hawai'i GreenBuilt
b. Existing buildings—certified by LEED for major renovations or operations and
maintenance
c. Street lights—use energy-efficient or solar -powered lights
d.. Rain water and gray water harvesting—for new buildings, evaluate the possibility of
installing rain water harvesting techniques such as tanks that collect roof drainage,
roof -top tanks for toilet flushing, piping stormwater to lawns and gardens, permeable
pavements for parking lots with collection system
e. Pesticide substitution—explore nontoxic alternatives for maintaining landscaping in
public rights-of-way, parks, and at County facilities
f. Purchasing—purchase EnergyStar and products made from recycled materials;
purchase energy-efficient vehicles (and pioneer electric vehicle purchases when
they become available).
4.8 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The Economic Development section of the Kona
CDP identifies objectives, policies, and actions that
focus on supporting important foundations of Kona's
economy as well as key opportunities for economic
development for which Kona is strategically
positioned. Maintaining a vibrant economy in Kona
is essential for achieving the visions of the Kona
CDP.
4.8.1 Existing Conditions
According to Hawaii Business Directory, Kailua had
2,652 business listings in 2005 and increased by
10.8 percent in 2 -years with 2,939 business listings
in 2007 (Hawai'i Business Directory, 2006).
In 2006, four industry sectors dominated Hawai'i
Island's total employment: 1) leisure and hospitality,
which includes accommodation and food services; 2)
trade, transportation and utilities of which retail is a
Guiding Principles Econ. Devi.
1. Protect Kona's natural
resources and culture.
2. Provide connectivity and
transportation choices.
3. Provide housing choices.
4. Provide recreation
opportunities.
5. Direct future growth patterns
toward compact villages,
preserving Kona's rural, diverse,
and historical character.
6. Provide infrastructure and
essential facilities concurrent with
growth.
7. Encourage a diverse and
vibrant economy emphasizing
agriculture and sustainable
economies.
8. Promote effective governance.
major contributor; 3) government, where most of the
employment is at the state level; and, 4) education and health services, which includes health care and
social assistance. Together, these four industries accounted for 73.3 percent of the total employment in
Hawai'i County.
The major economic sectors for Kona include:
1. Tourism. Tourism (and visitor -related activities) is the major industry on the Island of Hawai'i.
In 2005, there were 11,351 visitor accommodation units on the Island, located mainly in Hilo,
Kona and South Kohala, an increase of 13 percent over the previous year. These breakdown
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2.
by unit type as: 1) hotel- 6,977; 2) timeshare -, 1,592; 3) condo/hotel — 1,462; 4) individual
vacation- 756; 5) bed & breakfast - 353; 6) other -189; 7) hostel- 21; and 8) apartment/hotel -1.
As Kona and South Kohala are the major destination areas, most of the units (approximately
8,000) are located in those two areas (County of Hawai'i, 2005).
An increasingly significant part of the tourism industry on the Island is the cruise ship industry.
The County has experienced the largest impact from the cruise ship industry, with its relatively
small tourist base. Hawaii cruise ship visitor arrivals were 312,812 in 2005, and grew by 27
percent to 397,318 in 2006 (County of Hawai'i, 2005).
In 2005, about 66 percent of all visitors Island stayed in hotels, 7.7 percent stayed in
condominiums, 9.7 percent stayed with friends and relatives, 8.9 percent stayed in timeshare
properties and 11.6 percent stayed on cruise ships. Hotel occupancy rates in Kona averaged
75.8 percent in the five year period from 2000 to 2005 (County of Hawai'i, 2005).
Diversified agriculture. Diversified
agriculture, as referred in this plan,
includes all agricultural commodities,
except sugar and canned pineapple.
According to figures supplied by the State
Department of Agriculture, the revenue
generated by diversified agriculture has
continued to demonstrate gains every
year since 1986. The majority of the fresh
vegetables and fruits consumed in the
State is imported. In many instances
produce can be grown locally and with
equal or better quality than imports.
However, for local produce replace a corresponding import, it must be grown and marketed
year-round in sufficient quantity to meet local market demand. Without a commitment to use
local produce, it is difficult for local growers to compete effectively with imported produce.
Another opportunity for diversified agriculture expansion is the cruise line industry. A number of
cruise lines are now sailing to Hawai'i. Recently, there was an agricultural trade show hosting
Norwegian Cruise Line purchasing officials. It was reported that these ships need fresh
produce and fruit to supply the equivalent of 10 restaurants per ship and serve up to 2,000
passengers daily. (County of Hawai'i, 2005).
Still another potentially profitable market for locally grown produce is the new and largely
untapped niche, of the seasonal overseas market. Some farmers have already successfully
entered this niche market.
The increase in direct sales of agricultural products at farmers' markets demonstrate an
increasing interest among the public to purchase fresh, locally produced agriculture products.
In October of 2007, the Hawai'i Food Summit held in Kona was attended by about four
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hundred people interested in supporting the concept on increased food sustainability. Other
events, such as The Taste of the Range, also indicate the growing support for local agriculture.
Hawai'i Island's climate and year-round growing season is conducive to agricultural production.
Agriculture contributes substantially to the County's economy and produces a variety of goods
for export and local consumption. The major industries in Kona are: aquaculture; cattle; coffee;
forestry and macadamia nuts.
3. Forest and Ranching. Forestry in Kona includes a wide range of climate- and zone -specific
forests, from the smaller, naturally occurring dry forests of Kapulehu to larger forests
containing high value plantation species that are harvested commercially in areas such as the
Honaunau forest in South Kona (Allen, William, Bioscience, "Restoring HawaiTs Dry Forests"
Dec. 200, Vol 50. No.12) and (CTHAR, Economic Issues, "Characteristics of HawaiTs Retail
Forest Industry in 2001," Feb 2006). Increasing interest lies in promoting ecologically sound
methods of forestry, such as biodiverse agroforestry, in contrast to older methods of farm
forestry like alley farming, as well as in reforesting former pastureland and the conservation
and management of forests unique to Hawai'i (Leakey, Roger, "Agroforestry: Tree -based
Polycultures, www.agroforestry.nettevents/afwkshp2006/virtualwkshps.html#Anchor-Agenda-
11481).
The most recent 2001 survey estimated HawaiTs forestry
industry valued at $30.7 million, which includes a retail
sector valued at $23.9 million (CTHAR, Economic Issues,
Characteristics of HawaiTs Retail Forest Industry in
2001," Feb 2006). Within the islands of Hawai'i and Kauai
alone, there are more than 40,000 acres of standing,
harvestable timber, along with over 20,000 acres in various
stages of planting, planning or natural regeneration
Leone, Honolulu Star Bulletin, "Native Bat Forces Review
of Timber Harvesting," Dec. 12, 2002).
The livestock industry on the island of Hawai'i includes
approximately 450 beef cattle and dairy ranching jaRKonm„tom? ^
operations, located primarily in the North Kohala, Kona,
and Ka'u districts, which generates over $20 million per year for the island. The island's beef
cattle industry provides over half of the state's beef supply on approximately 650,000 acres of
grazing land; however, most calves are now exported to the mainland U.S. Over 2,000 dairy
cows, primarily Holstein -Friesians, stock the four major dairies on the island, providing almost
all of the fresh fluid milk supply. The dairy industry generates over $7.5 million in farm gate
revenues ("County of Hawai'i Agriculture: Livestock" www.hawaii-
county.com/bigislandag/livestock.html. 1997). Significant amounts of pastureland on the island
are currently being withdrawn from use due to sale and other factors, and, in line with more
biodiverse farming trends, Kona is currently seeing some efforts toward reclamation of
pastureland for agroforestry, in certain areas (Kelley, Jack. "Shifting Paradigms for West
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Hawai'i" Hawaii Island Journal, Dec. 4, 2004
www.hawaiisalandjournal.com/2004/12bO4b.html).
4. Redevelopment Needs. A high priority is the need to invest in Kailua Village as the
commercial, cultural, and visitor center for Kona. Capital reinvestment in Kailua properties has
been below needed thresholds for years. Faced with a continuing decline, some tenants have
departed as their leases have expired, and prospective tenants and owners have elected to
locate their operations outside of the Village center.
On the other hand, increasingly, travelers are choosing to stay in time-share units,
condominiums, on cruise ships or with friends and family. This provides the Village with new
opportunities to become economically and culturally strong. Also, the new owners of the King
Kamehameha Beach Hotel will soon begin a $25 million upgrade to the facility. But without
substantial improvements, Kailua Village's current businesses will likely be drawn away by the
new commercial center on Queen Lili'uokalani Trust lands, mauka of the Old Airport. This will
further decrease the economic viability of the Kailua Village. One proactive response to this
threat has been the creation of the Kailua Village Business Improvement District (KVBID).
Business Improvement Districts are a concept that swept through North America in the 1990s.
They generally involve a legal mechanism to create a sustainable funding base for enhancing
the management of a business district. The KVBID is a collaborative effort between business,
government and area residents to develop and implement
creative ' solutions to improve the cleanliness,
attractiveness and economic vibrancy of Kailua Village.
District landowners, lessees of land, commercial tenants
and residents are assessed according to property tax
valuations and these assessments return directly to the
District to fund programs and improvements.
5. Housing Needs. The current shortage of all types of
affordable and workforce housing is making it difficult for
many residents to make a living as well as creating a
major obstacle for companies to attract and retain
employees in Kona.
4.8.2 Overall Strategy
Economic vulnerability increases with excessive dependence on imports (e.g., susceptible to shipping
strikes) and lack of diversity (e.g., susceptible to global recessions that reduce visitor travel).
Therefore, the overall strategy for Kona's economic development is to support Kona's current strengths
in agriculture and tourism, and to diversify with new opportunities that reduce dependence on imports,
complement other objectives such as recycling and alternative energy, and provide job opportunities
that raise the skill levels of the workforce. Pertinent initiatives include the following:
a) Energy industry. With NELHA as a catalyst, the policies encourage the development of
renewable and distributed energy endeavors.
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b) Health industry. With a new Kona hospital as a catalyst, the policies encourage the
development of health-related endeavors where Kona adds its own stamp to the island's
reputation as the healing island.
c) Resource recovery network. The policies envision the development of interdependent
industries in Kona that exchange and make use of each other's byproducts.
d) Food industry. Kona has a name brand specialty export crop in the Kona coffee. The
policies support the health of that agricultural sector. Additionally, the policies recognize
the benefits of increasing locally produced food for the local market by reducing the current
85% dependence on imported food to the island. The suggested means is through the
expansion of the underutilized Keahole Agricultural Park, and support for farmer's markets,
NELHA's aquaculture incubation, community gardens, and opportunities to share cooking
and food traditions. The inspiration is the Kona Field System, a vast, intensively cultivated
area in the Kona uplands, which once supported a native Hawaiian population comparable
in size to Kona's population today. According to figures supplied by the State Department
of Agriculture, the revenue generated by diversified agriculture has continued to
demonstrate gains every year since 1986. Diversified agriculture includes all agricultural
commodities except sugar and canned pineapple. In order to move beyond the
development of specialty niche market products and actually replace imports, locally -
grown products must be supplied in sufficient quantities, year around, to meet the local
market demand. Without the ability to make this commitment, it is difficult for local growers
to compete effectively with imported products. Besides increasing our food sustainability,
the development of a strong agricultural industry in Kona serves as an incentive to protect
agricultural lands for agriculture.
The primary strategies for the enhancement of our Agricultural Industry in Kona focus on
the following.
1. Protection of Agricultural Lands. The maintenance of the current overall density of
agriculturally- zoned lands outside of the Kona Urban Area (UA) will discourage
unplanned sprawl as well as protect agricultural lands for agricultural uses. See
Policy LU -3.8
2. Rural Clusters. The adoption of the new program will encourage clustering of
development on agricultural lands in exchange for the perpetual protection of
contiguous blocks of lands for crop production. The program will also provide an
opportunity to create affordable housing in rural areas. See Policy LU -3.3
3. Availability of Water. The Plan supports the need to identify irrigation water
sources for the agricultural industry. See Policy PUB4.3
4. Agricultural Tourism. The County shall adopt a program to define the legal
development of our agricultural tourism industry. See Policy ECON. 2.1
5. Buy Local. The development of a "Local Grown" marketing program for
agricultural products will promote Kona's agricultural industry which, in tum,
encourages the protection of agricultural lands. See Policy ECON. 2.1
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6. Urban Community Gardens. Land provided for use as community parks can be
used for the development of community gardens within urban areas. See Policy
PUB -6.2
e) Ecosystem Services. The concept of ecosystem services attempts to make conservation
a viable -business option. The policies encourage the further exploration and development
of this concept.
f) Workforce Development and Innovation. The new West Hawaii University or
community college would synergize with NELHA, the hospital, and the Design Center to
provide training opportunities for Kona's upcoming generation and, thereby, also attract
new businesses. With partnerships established among other universities with expertise in
emerging technology, engineering, and science, the university can stimulate innovative
applications in the business arena.
g) Redevelopment. For our existing
communities to thrive and for new
opportunities to expand, we must
invest in and maintain our basic
infrastructure. The formation of a
redevelopment District in Kailua is
necessary in order to maintain and
enhance Kailua Village as the
commercial, cultural, and visitor center
for the Kona District. As part of the
proposed Kailua redevelopment
project, it will be very important to
provide new workforce housing and live -work units in the Village area to serve the needs
of local business. Redevelopment priorities for our Mauka Towns also need to be
established.
4.8.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions
Economic Development Goal: To foster economic diversification, reduce import dependence,
and increase employment opportunities that pay living wages.
Objective ECON-1. Strategic Public Facilities and Business Opportunities as Economic Stimuli.
To optimize the potential of certain public facilities and policies to stimulate ancillary economic growth
that is desirable because they are environmentally clean, diversify the economy (i.e., not visitor -
dependent), pay decent wages, and demand skills and intellect that challenge Kona's existing and
upcoming workforce.
Policy ECON-1.1: Hospital as Stimulus for Healthcare Industry. Kona needs a new
hospital to replace its existing outdated and out -of -place facility. The new hospital should be
located on Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) for optimum accessibility by automobile or
transit. To encourage the private sector to negotiate a site for the hospital, the TOD in which
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the hospital decides to locate within shall be automatically designated a Regional Center TOD .
if the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7) has designated it as a Neighborhood TOD.
As a Regional Center TOD, there would be incentives for medical offices and other hospital -
related businesses to develop in the vicinity.
Action ECON-1.1a: Develop Request for Proposal (RFP) for new hospital,
negotiate with candidates, and select new site (DOH, PD, private, 1-2).
Action ECON-1.1b: Develop medical center TOD master plan and rezone as a
Regional Center TOD (DOH, PD, private, 1-2).
Policy ECON-1.2: Civic Center as Stimulus for Office and Retail Development. The
proposed civic center should be master planned within the context of an overall TOD master
plan in order to have the civic center function as an inviting and attractive town center, and to
properly capture the potential secondary business demands generated by the numerous
County employees working at the civic center as well as the residents drawn to the civic center
to conduct business.
Action ECON-1.2a: Develop TOD master plan with the civic center as the heart
of the town center and rezone as a Commercial TOD (DPW, PD, 2-3).
Policy ECON-1.3: NELHA as Stimulus for Energy and Research Industry. NELHA has
paradoxical missions: is it a research institution that requires State subsidy or a self-sustaining
commercial operation. Are the diverse uses of the cold, pristine, deep ocean water its focus or
is the innovative energy research that may use the deep ocean water or other ocean resources
as well as non -ocean energy research its focus. The Kona CDP encourages the State and
NELHA's board of directors to balance NELHA's complex mission in order to make it a world-
class renewable energy research center with close ties to the proposed West Hawai'i
University. To offset research subsidies, the plan supports commercial development of the
mauka NELHA area by businesses incubated at the NELHA's research area. The proposed
frontage road would provide convenient access by residents and visitors to this proposed
commercial area.
Action ECON-1.3a: Encourage DBEDT and NELHA Board of Directors (BoD) to
reevaluate and publicly articulate NELHA's short- and long -tern business plan
DBEDT, NELHA, 1-2).
Action ECON-1.3b: Develop a master plan for the commercial development of
the mauka area of NELHA and obtain entitlements (DBEDT, NELHA, 1-2).
Action ECON-1.3c: Design and construct the frontage road to complement and
implement the commercial master plan (NELHA, private, DPW, PD, 5.10).
Policy ECON-1.4: University as Workforce Development. The synergistic relationship of a
university or community college at West Hawai'i with the hospital, NELHA, and Design Center
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will provide opportunities for the West Hawai'i residents to obtain the necessary education and
training to fill jobs in the emerging skill areas of healthcare, energy, agriculture and urban
design.
Action ECON-1.4a: Work
with the State, University
system, and the community
to.. finalize decisions
regarding the mission and
size of the new university at
West Hawaii (UH, PRIV, on-
going).
Action ECON-1.4b: Develop a master plan and program funds for the design
and construction of the campus (UH, private, 3.5).
Action ECON-1.4c: Develop the TOD master plan for the surrounding areas of
the University in coordination with the adjoining Palamanui project (UH, private,
3-5).
Action ECON-1.4d: Formalize the relationships between the Hawaii Community
College and the Design Center, NELHA, and the healthcare industry (UH,
NELHA, DC, on-going).
Policy ECON-1.5: Food industry catalysts. Support the expansion of the Keahole
Agricultural Park to provide affordable farm lots that emphasize local food production. The
proximity of the Park to the new university (for research and technical support), the airport (for
exporting), and the urban villages (for direct marketing such as farmers' markets) makes this
area a unique opportunity.
Policy ECON-1.6: Conservation as a viable business option. Support the evolving
refinement of the concept of ecosystem services to encourage private owners to manage or
restore their lands in their natural state (see Policies ENV -1.3 and ENV -1.4).
Policy ECON-1.7: Redevelopment as Economic Stimuli. The County shall work with the
Kailua Village Improvement District, the Chamber of Commerce and other Stakeholders to
develop the Kailua Village Redevelopment District Plan and the Rural Towns' redevelopment.
plans (see Policy LU — 2.4). The plans shall address:
Infrastructure improvements and public safety
Infill and Brownfield Development
Multi modal transportation
Mixed-use development opportunities
Affordable and workforce housing
Public Parking
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Policy ECON-1.8: Eco -Industrial Park.
To encourage the feasibility testing of the
concept of an eco -industrial park, which is
a community of firms that exchange and
make use of each other's byproducts,
there shall be a floating Project District
called the Eco -Industrial Park that shall be
available to areas within the Urban Area
zoned MG, ML, or MCX. The County
would assist by funding experts to work
with the developer to create a master plan
and marketing scheme, to expedite permit
approvals, and to coordinate with the
County's Solid Waste Division and other interested parties. On a smaller scale, a community
program shall recognize efforts by individual businesses to modify their practices to reduce
waste and/or substitute with recoverable materials.
Action ECON-1.8a: Establish a pool of expertise and information on the eco -
industrial park concept (R&D, 3.5).
Action ECON-1.8b: Establish a reuse center to refurbish and sell used
appliances and materials (In progress by OHCD and Catholic Social Ministries).
Action ECON-1.8c: Establish a community recognition program for green
businesses (Being done by Chamber of Commerce).
Objective ECON-2. Strengthen and Encourage New Agricultural -Related Endeavors. To
enhance existing and encourage new agriculturally -related endeavors.
Policy ECON-2.1: Explore and provide opportunities to support, promote, or enhance Kona's
agricultural industry.
Action ECON-2.1a: The County will work with Kona's Agricultural Community
to make recommendations for priorities such as (R&D, DOA, COMM., on-going):
1. Market research for potential export crops in North and South Kona.
2. Language assistance to enable non-English speaking farmers to market
their crops.
3. Agricultural industry training for current and new farmers.
4. Establishment of processing facilities in order for farmers to increase
opportunities to develop value-added products.
5. Encouragement local institutions (e.g., school cafeterias) to purchase
locally produced food.
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6. New "crop incubator" projects.
7. Centralized data center to serve as a clearinghouse for information on
available Kona agricultural products, services, and markets.
8. Establishment of a commercial kitchen and drying facility to encourage
increased diversity in value-added products.
9. Expand the County's "green waste' nutrients recycling program and
purchase a tub grinder for the Kona Green Waste Processing Facility.
10. Programs and events to support and promote agriculture in Kona.
Action ECON-2.1b: Create and adopt a county Agricultural Tourism
program/policy (RBD, DOA, COMM., 2.3).
Action ECON-2.1c: In partnership with the agriculture community in Kona, the
County will establish a "Local Grown" program for agriculture products (RBD,
DOA, COMM., UH, 1-2).
4-132 1 KONA CDP
ACT/ON PLAN
5.ACTION PLAN
CHAPTER 5
With the growth of the population around the Island, it has been increasingly clear that regional
approaches are necessary to effectively implement many of the broad Objectives identified within the
County General Plan's Elements. The County General Plan, approved in 2005, marked a new era in
government for the County of Hawai'i because it established the program serving to develop
Community Development Plans around the Island.
The Kona CDP is not expected to provide all the solutions. What the drafting and adoption of the Kona
CDP, or any of the Island's CDPs, does is provide a major step in the increased regionalization of the
Island's planning so that we may become more effective in addressing both the character of the region
as well as the needs of the local residents. The Kona CDP contains Goals, Objectives, Policies, and
Actions that are targeted to be implemented within Kona. Some of the Actions will be enacted by the
adoption of the Kona CDP by the Hawai'i County Council. Others will require subsequent activities,
appropriation of funding, community-based program development, participation by private business
and/or other government agencies.
Due to the Kona -specific nature of this Kona CDP as a County legal policy document, it will be very
important over the planning horizon of the Kona CDP to monitor, assess, and facilitate progress being
made toward the implementation of all the Policies and Actions. The structure and staffing of the
Planning Department will need to evolve to provide for the long-range planning oversight that will be
necessary to implement and administer the Kona CDP. In addition, due to the focus of the County
Planning Commission as a regulatory body, as well as the enormous task that oversight Kona -specific
policies will require, there is the need for creating of a regional Implementation Committee (IC)
dedicated specifically to monitoring and facilitating Kona CDP Policy implementation.
5.1 FINANCING PLAN
There shall be a financing plan to identify alternative funding sources for infrastructure, public facilities
and services, and other initiatives identified in the Kona CDP. Upon completion of the financing plan,
the Implementation Committee shall recommend appropriate actions.
5.1.1 Scope of the Financing Plan
The financing plan shall address, at a minimum, the following:
Financing Policies. Articulate the financing policies, such as when special assessments
or taxes are appropriate compared with general obligation bonds, who would merit special
treatment under certain funding mechanisms (e.g., affordable housing units), and the
acceptable maximum tax burden.
2. Buildout Rate. Use the latest available information to project the build -out of the
planning area, which the County will provide upon discussions with landowners and
developers.
KDNA CDP 6 1
CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAN
3. Funding Needs. Provide cost estimates for the infrastructure, facilities, and services listed
in the following section. Develop a phasing plan based on the build -out rate and financial
feasibility analysis. To ensure concurrency, critical infrastructure (i.e., roads, sewer, and
water) shall be in place at the time of projected occupancy.
4. Alternative Funding Sources. Consider at a minimum the appropriateness of following
funding sources:
a. General fund current revenues;
b. General obligation bonds;
c. Revenue bonds (including redevelopment authority bonds);
d. Land -secured financing (improvement districts, community facilities districts);
e. Business improvement districts (services and facilities);
f. Development fees (e.g., DWS facilities charges);
g. User fees;
h. Impact fees (examine the potential uses of this source if an impact fee ordinance has
not been adopted);
i. Tax -increment financing, and/or other means to earmark portions of property tax
revenues generated from the planning area for specific improvements or services;
j. Grants and donations;
k. Reimbursement programs (formal mechanisms to reimburse initial developers or
public agencies for upfront funding).
5.1.2 Funding List
The following funding list is compiled from Chapter 4 and not ordered in priority.
1. Programs
a. Design Center setup (see Policy LU -4.1)
b. Civic Center TOD master planning program (see Policy ECON-1.2)
C. Kailua Village Redevelopment Planning Program (see Policy LU -2.3)
d. Rural Towns Redevelopment Planning Program (see Policy LU -3.1)
e. Open Space Network program (see Policy ENV -2.1)
f. Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (see Policy ENV -1.2)
g. Anchialine Ponds and Nearshore Water Quality Management and Monitoring Program
see Policies ENV -1.11 and ENV -1.12)
h. Urban Stormwater management Program (see Policy PUB -4.7
i. Cultural Resources Inventory (see Policy CR -1.1)
j. Kona Cultural Resources Committee and Cultural Landscape Report support (see
Policy CR -1.1)
5 2 KONA CDP
ACT/ON PLAN
2. Capital improvements and equipment
CHAPTER 5
a. Transportation
i. Roads (see Policies TRAN-1.2, TRAN-1.5, TRAN-6.2, and Figure 4-3 Official
Transportation Map)
1. Kahului-Keauhou Parkway
2. Mamalahoa Bypass
3. Keanalehu Street–Manawale'a Street
4. Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road)
a. Phase I: Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway
b. Phase II:Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street
c. Phase III: Hina Lani Street to Kaiminani Drive
5. Kamanu Street Extension
6. La'aloa Street Extension
7. Lako Street Extension
8. Nani Kailua Street Extension
a. Makai section (Kuakini Highway to Ali'i Drive)
b. Mauka section (HualMai Road to Kuakini Highway)
9. Kealaka'a Street Extension
10. Hienaloli Street Extension
11. University Drive
12. Frontage Road
13. Kuakini Highway Extension
14. Kakalina Street Extension
15. Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, Phase II (Kealakehe Parkway to Airport)
16. Kealakehe Parkway Extension to Kealaka'a Street
ii. Buses—add new buses to improve existing service and for new routes as
proposed roads are completed. (see Policy TRAN-1.4)
iii. Rural paratransit (see Policy TRAN-5.1)
iv. Park & Ride Facilities (see Policy TRAN-3.8)
1. Makaeo Village
2. Captain Cook
v. Transit Stations (see Policies TRAN-1.6 and TRAN-3.8)
1. Kailua or Makaeo Village hub
2. TODs
vi. New bus maintenance facility (Ssee Policy TRAN-1.4)
KONA CDP 5-3
CHAPTER 5 ACT/ON PLAN
vii. County parking lots/structures (see Policy TRAN-4.3)
1. Kailua Village
2. TODs
viii. Safe Routes to School improvements (see Policy TRAN-3.5)
ix. Trails and bikeways—to be determined by Open Space Network Plan (see
Policies TRAN-3.6 and ENV 2.1)
b. Water (see Policy PUB -4.1)
i' Source
ii. Storage
iii. Transmission
c. Wastewater (see Policies PUB -4.4, PUB -4.5, and PUB -4.6)
i. Kealakehe WWTP Expansion
ii. New natural system WWTP
iii. Sewer system expansion
iv. Kahalu'u sewer extension
v. Wastewater reclamation system
d. Drainage (see Policy PUB -4.7)
i. Flood mapping
ii. Drainageways-- to be determined by Urban Stormwater Management Program
e. Housing(see Policy HSG -1.1)
i. Setup costs for Kona Housing Non -Profit
ii. Kona Housing Trust Fund Financing program
Parks (see Policy PUB -6.2)
i. Regional park—new Kealakehe park
ii. District park—upgraded Old Airport Park and new district park in S. Kona
iii. Community parks—located approximately every two miles in the Kona UA
iv. Neighborhood parks—financing to be determined by TOD/TND master plans
v. Performing arts center/auditorium (if not part of regional park)
g. One -Stop Community Resource Center w/ senior recreational center (see
Policies PUB -3-2 and PUB -8.1)
h. Open Space acquisitions (see Policies ENV -3.1, ENV -3.2, and ENV -3.3)
i. Setup costs for Kona Treasures Fund
ii. Candidate acquisition properties to be identified in Open Space Network Map
i. Civic Center (see Policy ECON-1.2)
54 KONA CDP
ACT/ON PLAN CHAPTER 5
j. Fire (see Policies PUB -2.3 and PUB44)
i. New Makalei fire station, plus equipment and additional operational cost
ii. New South Kona fire station, plus equipment and additional operational cost
iii. Captain Cook expansion (currently in design phase)
iv. New lifeguard stations, plus additional operational cost
k Police (see Policies PUB -2.1 and PUB -2.2)
i. New South Kona police station (County is in the process of acquiring land)
ii. Relocation of North Kona police station
iii. Helicopter
I. Courthouse—relocate courthouse to Civic Center (see Policy PUB -2.1)
m. Solid Waste --Relocate transfer station
n. Schools—financing of new schools within the TODs and TNDs to be determined
by the TOD/TND master plans (see Policy PUB -6.6)
o. University (see Policy ECON-1.4)
p. Medical Center (see Policy ECON-1.1)
3. Services
a. Maintenance of drainageways (see Policy ENV -1.8)
b. Right-of-way landscape maintenance (see Policy TRAN-3.3)
c. Pathways maintenance (see Policy ENV -2.1)
d. Repaving upgrades for bike and pedestrian improvements (see Policy TRAN-3.4)
e. 4 police officers/1000 residents (see Policy PUB -2.1)
f. Parks maintenance (see Policy PUB -7.2)
5.1.3 Financing Districts Map
In order to track the creation of financing districts such as community facilities districts, improvement
districts, tax increment financing districts, business improvement districts, and redevelopment districts,
such districts shall be included on the Official Public Facilities and Services Map (see Figures 4-10a to
4-10c) upon formation by ordinance.
5.2 IMPLEMENTATION
Empowerment at the community level increases local access to decision making, thereby stimulating
civic engagement. Broader civic engagement increases the overall knowledge and skill capacity of the
community and this increasing capacity provides effective input and creates energy to enable the plan
to evolve and adapt to the changing community needs.
Therefore, this chapter sets forth a recommended community-based structure created to ensure the
implementation of the Kona CDP. This requires several things:
KoNA CDP 5-5
CHAPTER 5 ACT/ON PLAN
There is a community-based entity serving as the steward of the CDP, the "keeper of the
flame", in terms of the plan;
This entity is composed of representatives from the CDP planning area; and
This entity keeps itself apprised of local land use issues.
5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership
The recommended structure is to establish an appointed committee to be administered and staffed by
the Planning Department. This Implementation Committee (IC) would consist of nine members with at
least three members being residents of South Kona. In addition to the nine members, one
representative each from the Design Center, the Kona Housing Non -Profit, the Kona Treasures Fund,
and the Kona Cultural Resources Committee shall serve as ex -officio members of the Implementation
Committee.
The selection of the members shall be guided by the following criteria:
Can do" attitude with optimism moderated by realism
Open-minded when considering whether the old ways may no longer work
Willing and able to work with and collaborate with people who may have different points of view
Respect and appreciate other cultures besides their own
Willing to work with government by collaborating and building partnerships
Ability to see the "big picture" — consider and include more than one's own agendas. Cultural
competence in Hawaii's multi -cultural society.
Knowledge of the challenges of living and working in the distinctly different parts of Kona
North and South Kona Districts)
Connected with the community and know the people in the community.
Although guided primarily by the above criteria, the selection shall also strive to balance representation
of the following interests:
Environment
Housing
Hawaiian Heritage
Cultural Resources or Activities
Landowners/Developers
Business or Financing
Public Safety or Health
Education
General, including elderly, youth, or other interests
5.2.2 Duties
The Implementation Committee (IC) shall serve as the official advocate for the Kona CDP. In addition
to partnering with County government, the IC shall strive to stimulate and provide guidance for,
community-based participation in the implementation of the Kona CDP goals, objectives, policies and
5_6 KoNA CDP
ACT/ON PLAN CHAPTER 5
actions. The timeline specified in the Implementation Matrix shall guide the establishment of the IC's
priorities. The IC shall adopt rules of procedure.
A. Plan implementation duties
i. Receive periodic updates from County Departments at least once per year regarding Kona
CDP implementation based on the Implementation Matrix;
ii. Make recommendations on Kona CDP official map amendments;
iii. Respond to public questions on the Kona CDP or forward questions to the proper agencies
for response;
iv. Initiate and coordinate actions for which the community has assumed responsibility;
v. Advocate for action if implementation stalls;
vi. Annually evaluate progress on Kona CDP actions and assess the need to update/amend
policies;
vii. Review and revise the indicators on an annual basis, or as otherwise necessary;
viii. Hold annual "town" meetings to discuss implementation issues, progress, and need for
changes;
ix. Assist in the education of government and the community regarding the Kona CDP -
specific policies adopted for the planning area.
B. Budgetary duties
i. For any "block" CIP appropriations to the CDP planning area, establish priorities and
monitor progress based on the Kona CDP;
ii. For the annual County -wide CIP Budget, provide a list of priorities to the Planning
Department as input in the preparation of the Budget;
iii. For the annual County -wide Operational Budget, provide recommendations to the relevant
departments as input in the preparation of the Budget.
iv. Assist the County in implementing the funding plan
C. Regulatory Updates
i. The Planning Commission(s) has the responsibility for regulatory decision-making, which is
very time-consuming. The role of the IC should be to focus on proactive implementation of
the Kona CDP, and not to be consumed by reacting to every permit application.
Nevertheless, it is important for the IC to be aware of pending and approved applications.
For this purpose, the Planning Department should provide a report to the IC at intervals
desired by the IC of all pending and approved permits processed by the Planning
Department located within the Kona CDP planning area.
5.2.3 Annual and Comprehensive Review
With support from the Planning Department, the IC shall prepare an annual report to the community
outlining the progress and obstacles in implementing the Kona CDP. The Report shall cover, at a
minimum, the following:
A. Summary report card based on the Kona CDP Implementation Matrix and the Indicators
identified in Chapters 5 and 6;
B.' Accomplishments, for the year and cumulative;
KONA CDP 5.7
CHAPTER 5 ACT/ON PLAN
C. Major issues or challenges, for the year and cumulative;
D. Recommended amendments to the plan with a determination on whether an amending
ordinance should be processed immediately or should be accumulated with other pending
recommendations to be addressed in the next comprehensive update.
5.3 IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX
The Implementation Matrix provides a list of the actions needed to implement the Kona CDP, by
element. The matrix indicates the type of actions that will be required to implement the policies, and
the completion time of the actions to be initiated. The IC shall have the authority to approve updates to
the matrix on an annual basis, or as otherwise necessary, to keep the responsibilities and actions
current and effective.
County implementation of the actions will be dependent upon available funding.
Acronvms/Abbreviations
App. Applicant
BUS. Businesses
CD Civil Defense
COE US Army Corps of Engineers
COMM Community-based Organization
DATA County Data Systems
DBEDT State Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism
DEM County Department of Environmental Management
DC Design Center
DOA State Department of Agriculture
DOE State Department of Education
DOH Department of Health
DOT State Department of Transportation
DHHL State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands
DLNR State Department of Land & Natural Resources
DPW County Department of Public Works
DWS County Department of Water Supply
Fin. County Finance Department
HCCRC Hawai'i County Cultural Resources Commission
HELCO Hawai'i Electric and Light Company
HHFDC Hawai'i Housing Finance and Development Corporation
KCC Kona Chamber of Commerce
KCRC Kona Cultural Resources Committee
KVBID Kailua Village Business Improvement District
KVDC Kailua Village Design Commission
Mayor's County Mayor's Office
MT County Mass Transit Agency
NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai'i
NPS National Park Service
5- KONA CDP
AcrroN PLAN
Acronyms/Abbreviations (continued)
OA County Office of Aging
OHCD County Office of Housing and Community Development
OSC County Open Space Commission
OSP Office of State Planning
PATH People's Advocacy for Trails Hawai'i
PC County Planning Commission
PD County Planning Department
PR County Department of Parks & Recreation
QLT Queen Lili'uokalani Trust
R&D County Research & Development
SHPD State Historic Preservation Division
State State agency
SWCD Soil Water Conservation District
TNC The Nature Conservancy
UH University of Hawai'i
CHAPTER 5
KONA CDP 59
CHAPTER 5
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ACTION PLAN
540 KONA CDP
JIO11LNITIMELINEACTION
is o so4 0
TRAN-1.2a: Design and ConsWct the Keohokalole Highway in functional sections
Phase I: Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway
a) Design Ready PD
b) Construction Ready I V I I IDPW
C) Construct I I I JDOT,DPW
Phase II - Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street
a) Design Ready PD
b) Construction Ready DPW
c) Construct DPW
Phase III - Hina Lank Streetto Kaiminani Drive
a) Design Ready I I I I JPD
b) Construction Ready I I I I IDPW
c) Construct I I I I V IDPW
Phase IV - Kaiminani Drive to University Drive MMIMIMIMIMI
a) Design Ready I I I 1privale
b) Construction Ready I I I JPrivate
C) Construct Private
TRAN-1.4a: Establish bus rates on existing streets along the designated Secondary Transit Route MT
TRAN-1.41b: Establish bus routes on proposed streets as they are built along the designated Secondary
Transit Route FimmT-- TRAN-1.4c: Provide bus maintenance facility in the Kana Urban Area (UA) to support the expanded bus
service
TRAN-1.5a: Design and construct Frontage Road
Phase I - Airport to Hulikoa
a) Coordinate design and intersections with the DOTS Queen Kaahumanu Highway widening PD, DOT
b) Coordinate financing with publicand privateowners
C) Obtain permit approvals PD
Phase II - National Park Service section
a) Determine alignment within 300-Not ROW or NPS property PD, NPS
Phase III - Connect to Kuakimi Highway extension
a) Coordinate financing and Corhstrurtion with DLNRIDHHL and OLT PD, DPW, DLNR, DHHL,
QLT
TRAN-1.6a: Detemtine the location, design, and function of major transit hub I I IMT, PD
TRAN-1.61b: Detemtine funding end construction schedule MT PD
TRAN-1.6c: Identify Kailua urban transit rates, including phasing and transferpoints MT
TRAN-1.7a: Establish a route to Kailua or Makaeo Village with enhanced frequency and in coordination with
rural paratransit service
V k4T
TRAN-13b: Masterplan transits station in coordination with Rural Town redevelopment V MT, PD
TRAN-3.4a: Identify high priority retrofits and coordiate with Canty Department ofPublic Works PD, DPW
TRAN-3.4b: Obtain Canty Department of Public Work's repaving and repair project schedule and
Coordinate retrofits in Conjunction with those prOects
PD, DPW
TRAN-3.8a: Masterplan, design, and Construct park and ride facilities MT
TRAN-3.81b: Coordinate inter-modal connection with Kona International Airport Master Plan MT, PD, DOT
TRAN-3.8c: Investigate brach service options MT
TRAN4.3a: Identify centralized public parking as part oftheTOD Village Master Plans PD, developer
TRAN4.3b: Identify centralized public parking as pad oftheKailua Redevelopment Plan I JPD, KVBID
TRAN-5.1b: Commence shuttle service using mi&vans and small buses (i.e. Handi-Van) MT
TRAN-6.2a: Develop financing plan for streets according to the priorities listed in PolicyTRAN-6.2 PD, DPW, Fn.
TRAN-3.2a: Determine staffing and equipment requirements for landscaping maintenance program DPW, PD
TRAN-3.21b: Identify financing tools for maintenance programs through public financing plan DPW, PD, Fn.
TRAN-3.2c: Implement financing plan for maintenance programs DPW, PD, Fn.
TRAN-3.5a: Identify high priority rates in Coordination with State Department ofEducation, Stale
Department ofTransportation, and County Department of Public Works
DPW, DOE, DOT
TRAN-3.6: Designate multi-modal paths (pedestrians, bicycle) DPW, PD
TRAN4.1a: Implement Rideshare Program for Canty employees MT, M 'es Office
C001I@L'
ETIONITIMELINEIIIIIIIIIIIIS
ACTION S 'Q IMPLEMENTOR(5)
A
o'
TRAN4.1b: Idmbf major employers to initate TDM programs MT
TRAN4.2a: Evaluatework shifts of major employers in relation to existng bus schedules and routes MT
TRAN4.2b: Request major employers to =tribute toward subsidizing commuter transit service Businesses
TRAN4.3c: Investigate appropriate parking fees PD
TRAN-5.1a: Establish fares far seniors, disabled, students, and general public. Nfi
TRAN-5.1c: Modifyshared ride taxi program to use coupons forthe first nine miles and to allow starting the MT
meter after nine miles
6
TRAN-1.1a: AdoptsOfficial Transportation Network Map
TRAN-1.3a: General bcabons of TODs have been determined by the Official Land Use Map
TRAN-2.1a: Amends Chapter 23 Subdivision Codeto incorporate connectivity standards Supplements or
supersedes sections in
HCC Chap. 23, Div.4
streetdes n
TRAN-2.2a: Update the Oficial Transportatoin Network Maps with intersection locations as they are V PD
determined through preliminary engineeringreports orother lans andf%studies
TRAN-3.1: Complete ongoing effort to revise County of Hawaii Street Standards PD
TRAN-3.3a: Designates the reclaimed wastewater zone on Figure 4-10c Oficial Public Facities and V
Services Ma
TRAN-3.3b: Establish list ofrecommended vegetation, in consultation with Kona Outdo%Circle, as an PD, DPWamendmenttotheCountyofHawaiiStreetStandards
TRAN-3.7a: Develop criteria for selecting and detenn g appropriate traffic calming tools as part ofthe m- DPW, PDgoingrevisionoftheCOHStreetStandards
TRAN-6.1a: Adopts Concurency Map Supplements HCC sec. 2
246
LU -2.3b: Initiate redevelopment plan for KailuaVillage. Consider the establishment of redevelopment
authority, pursuant to HRS Chapter 53 (Urban Renewal), Partner with the Kailua Village Business PD, KVDC, KVBID
Improvement Disfirct program in preparing that redevelopment plan
LU -2.6a: Negotiate the respective LVst-sharing ofthe appropriate public facilities DC, Applicants
LU -2.6b: Program funding of major transit routes, transit stations, and major parks within urban core in PD. Fin. coordination with roosedTOD build out
LU -3.1b: Prepare town master plan(s) PD, MT, Town Emit
LU-3.2b: Prepare village master plants) PD, MT, Village Entity
LU -2.1b: Conduct public workshop to educate the community, including landowners, developers, and the i PD, RBD, DCpublicaboutTODlTNDVIIIes
LU -3.1a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public, on the RBD, PDopportunitiesofTODsfTNDsforeachoftheruraltowns
LU -3.2a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public, on the i RBD, PDopportunitiesofTODsRNDsforeachoftheruralvillage;
LU4.1a: As an option, consider budgeting and hiring independent contractor(s) to detemdn a the structure of
the Design Center and to establish a pilotprogram. During this interim period the independent contractor will PDproviderecommendationstobePlanningDirectorforlanduseapplicationsrequiringDesignCenterrenew
LU4.1b: Create and fund posilims to staff the Design Center PD
7U4.3a: Assign and train staff PD
LU -1.1a: Adopts Official Kona Land Use Map
LU -1.2: Defines Kona Urban Area
LU -1.3a: County shall work with State to identify lands that may be appropriate to reclassify from Agriculture State, PDtoRural, consistent with the Kona CDP Policies
LU -1.5a: Review rezoning and SMA applications pursuant to Policy LU -1.4 Supplements criteria for
State Land Use, taming,
and SMA
LU -1.5b: Identify priority shorelines for increased setback as part of Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network pD, PRProgram
Policy LU-1.6:17-rtile protected coastline SupDlemmts criteria for
State Land Use, rezoning,
mdsMn
COMP-LETIONrTIMEUINEM
ACTION j` GGT IMPLEMENTOR(a)
gn
Policy LU -2.1a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Codeto define TODs and TNDs Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art. 6, DN. 4 (Project
Districts
LU -2.1c: Work withlandowners, through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistentwith Village PDDesignGuidelines
Policy LU -2.2: TOD7rND Components Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art. 6, Div. 4 (Project
Districts
LU -2.3a: Oficial Land Use Map shows general locations of TODs 2.1a 8 2.3a duplicative
LU -2.4a: Amends Chapter25 Zoning Code to establish TOD floating zone project disldct Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art. 6, DN. 4 (Project
Dishicts
LU -2.5a: Adoption of Village Design Guidelines
LU -2.5b: Continually improve and refine the Village Design Guidelines PD, DC/PD
Policy LU -2.7: Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Floating Zone Established Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art 6, Div. 4 (Project
Districts
LU -23a: Amends Chapter25 Zoning Code to create a TND oveday zone for existing zoned lands within the Supplements HCC Chap, specified residential and commercial zoning districts 25, Art. 6, Div.1 (Planned
Unit Development)
LU -2.8b: Review subdivision and plan approval applications pursuant to requirements for parks, housing, PD
street standards, wastewater, and concumency
LU -2.8c: Review conventional rezoning applimbora pursuant to Policy LU -2.8 (1)(b) PD
LU -3.3a: Amends Chapter25 Zoning Code and Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to establish Clustered Rural Supplements HCC Chap.
Subdivision PUD 25, Art. 6, Div. t (Planned
Unit Development)
LU -3.4a: AdoptsClustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines
LU -3.4b: Continually improve and refine the guidelines PD, DCIPD
LU -3.4c: Work with the State to allowindividual home sites smaller than one acre on lands classifled as PD, OSPAgriculturalsoastoincreasetheflexibilityoftheClusteredRuralSubdivisionProgram
LU -3.5a: Review subdivision application for landswith existing zoningAg -110Ag -5a and FA pursuant to PDPoliLU -3.5
LU -3.51b: Work with landowners through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistentwith Clustered PDRuralSubdivisionGuidelines
Policy LU -3.6: Subdivision on AgriouItur-ally-Zoned Land Served by a Private Water System Supplements Ping Dept
Rule 22 (Water Variances)
LU -3.7a: Reviewing Agricultural Employee Housing proposals pursuant to Policy LU -3.7 Guides interpmtafion of
Ptig DeptRule 13 (Fano
Dwellin s
LU -3.8a: Review rezoning applications with higher burden of justification pursuant to Policy LU -3.8 Supplements amendment
ctileria in HCC sec. 252-
40
LU -4.2: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to require mandatory Design Center review
ECKTFRE _3 INViI RQf) MLAMM&q S_0 16
ENV -1.1a: Compile available GIS environmental data and make it available to the public PD, DATA
ENV -1.2a: Organize the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership PD
ENV -1.2b: Budget and hirecontractor to coordinate and prepare Kona MaukaWatershed Management PDProgram
ENV -1.2c: Implement Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program PD
ENV -1.3a: Identify, inform, educate affected public agencies toparticipate in the preparation of the Kona PDMakeWatershedManementPram
ENV -1.4a: Identify, inform, educate affected private landowners to participate in the preparation ofthe Kona PDMaukaWatershedManagementProgram
ENV -1.4b: Develop and establish ecosystems services incentives and a financing program, through the PDKonaMaukaWatershedManementPram
ENV -1.6a: Enact appropriate mechanisms pursuant to Policy ENV -1.2 Kona MaukaWatershed Management PDPran
ENV -1.7a: Develop priorifies and financing strategies to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of flood DPW
mapping
ENV -1.7b: Budget and hire contractor to studyfeasibility of regional stomnvaler management systems,such DPW, PDasflowways
tCOMPCETIONITIMECINE
ACTION I 8
ENV -1.7c: Identify corridors to be recommended or public open space pursuantto Policy ENV -2.2 Open i PD, DPWSpaceNetworkProgram
ENV -1.8a: Establish guidelines for Adopt -a -Corridor Program DPW
ENV -1.1 la: Budget and hire contractor to verify and update the anchialine inventory and prepare anohialine PD, USACEpondmanagementprogram
ENV -1.12a: Hire consultant to prepare Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines PD, DPW, DOH
ENV -1.12b: Set up water qualitymonitoring station locations PD, Community
Organization, UH Sea
Grant, DOH
ENV -1.12c: Organize and train community base water quality team PD, Community
Organizations, UH Sea
Grant, DOH
ENV -1.13a: Develop appropriate educational tools for residents and visitors and marketing plan touse them R&D
ENV -1.13b: Conducleduabonalworkshops R&D
ENV -2.1a: Budget and hire consultant to prepare Open Space Network Program PD, PR, OSP, DLNR,
TNC,NPS
ENV -2.11b: Coordinate with the National Park Service's Ala Kahakai Trail Program PD, PR, OSP, DLNR,
TNC,NPS
ENV-3.la: Identify high priority areas for acquisition pursuant to Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network PD, PR, OSC, DLNRProgram
ENV -3.2a: Develop a financing strategyas partofthe Public Facilities Financing Program i PD
ENV -3.3a: Establish KonaTreasures Fund as tax deductible organization PD, KCC
ENV -3.3b: Provide funding and staffsupport as well as public markefing campaign V PD, KCC
Policy ENV -1.5: Sensitive Resources Supplements requirements
forall permit applications
to the Ping Dept
ENV -1.9a: Supports Chapter 27 pursuant to Policy ENV -1.9
PolicyENV-1.10: NorvDegredation ofAnchialine Ponds Supplements SMA and
shoreline setback aitena
S EC'Tj[,QN „4 C•_ TjU tA _ E50O01RCy.
CR -1.1a: Establish theKona Cultural Resources Committee PD
CR -1.11b: Identityby GPS Coordinates all existing historic trail al gnments Opal (a) have been recommended
forpreservation by SHPD, (b) appear on historic maps and/or are known by oral tradition, and incorporate POD. SHPD, NPS
these into the County GIS database
CR -1.1c: Ona continuing basis, identify by GPS coordinates, all cultural resource sites, recommended for PD, KCRC, SHPDreservationbySHPDandKCRCandincorporateinCountysGISdatabase
CR -1.1d: Budget sufficient County funding to provide for administrative and technical support to KCRC to PD, KCRCcompleteitsdutieslistedinPd' CR -1.1
CR -1.1e: Establish awork plan toaccomplish the duties in Policy Cil KCRC, PD
C11 -1.1f: Prepare Cultural Landscape Report KCRC, PD
CR -2.1a: The Countyshall appy for certification as a Certified Local Government (CLG) under the National
Histonc Preservation CLG Program in order tobe elgible to apply for and receive preservation funding KCRC, PD
administered through SHPD
CR -2.2a: The Canty shall convene aworkshop(s) that would include govemmenl agency representatives,
cultural repesentatives and oglerstakeholders to review and make recommendations on the current
HCCRCprogramsintendedtoprotectculturalresourcesandotherhistoricsites
CR -2.2b: The County shall recommend amendmentsto appropriate ordinances to incorporate the
stewardship and protection ofhistoric sites, buidlings and artifacts (Grubbing and Grading, Subdivision Code) HCCRC
CR -2.2c: The County shall recommend amendments to appropriateordinances to incorporate the
appropriate use and implementation of native plants in the landscaping ofpublic facilities such as schools, HCCRC
wemment buildings, and parks
CR -3.1a: Ensure the existence of and support for publicand private entities that further the bettement of public and private
Kanaka Maoli agencies. community
CR -3.1b: Increase fluencyin Kanaka Maoli language public and private
encies, commun"
CR -3.1c: Sponsorcross -sector dialogue on Kanaka Mali culture and islandvalues public and privatelagenciescommunity
tCOMPILETIONITIMELINEI
ACTION i 8IIIIMS
CR-3.1d: Protect Kanaka Mali intellectual property and related traditional knowledge public and private
ender community
CR-3.1e: Provide Kanaka Maoli cultural education for residents, visitors and the general public public and private
agencies, community
CR-3.2a: Increase the number ofeducators who teach cultural and historic education public and private
ender community
CR-3.3a: Provide Kanakam Maoli mentors with oppaundes to pass on Hawaiian culture and knowledge to public and private
the nextgeneration of Kanaka Maoli and others agencies, community
CR-3.31b: Perpetuate Kanaka Maoli food production associated with land and ocean tradifions and practices public and private
encies, cemmunl
Policy CR-3.4: Provide support M subsistence-based businesses and economies public andprivate
ender community
CR-3.5a: Apply the ahupuan concept in action plan for the Kona Mauka Watershed ManagementProgram public and private
encies, community
S. CYTI[,Q 4- x O :SM ,
SG a: Establish theKona Non-Profit OHCD
HSG - b.t: Sponsor a design contest and retain the winner to prepare pre-approved plans forstarter homes, Kona Non,Pmfitaccessoryunits, or other appropriate housi
HSG - b.2: Draftstandard first right of refusal provision to be included in the Affordable Housing Agreements Kona Non-ProfitexecutedbetweenthedeveloperandOHCDandincorporatedasdeedcovenants
HSG - b.3: Exercise rights of first refusal and purchase Chapter 11 units from developers to rent or lease to Kona Non,Prof tmualifiedhouseholds
HSG - b.4: Establish programs in coordination and to supplement island-wide programs Kona Non-Profit
HSG - 0: The County and the community should encourage State agencies currently developing affordable OHCD, Kona Non-Profit,
pmjects to review their projects forconsistenuy with the policies to provide affordable rentals, mix of hosing DHHL, HHFDC
and perpetual affordabilitystrategies
HSG - d2: The Kona Non-Profit should coordinate with the pertinent Slate and Canty agencies to inventory
potential public lands that are suitable for housing development and intiate projectplanning aensure land- Kona Non-Pro6L DLNR
banking for affordable housing purpose
HSG-c.3: The Canty or Kona Housing Nan-Profil should explore privatization options with the Slatehousing OHCD, Kona Non-Profit
en
HSG - d.1: TODlfND mixed affordable housing requirement, TODf7ND preemption ofohana dwelling, Supersedes HCC Chap,
Project Disbict Affordable Hosing Floafing Zone' 25, Art. 6, DN. 3 (ohana
dwellings): supplements
Div.4 (Project Districts)
HSG - d.2: Additional Chapter 11 credits for workforce housing; disabled, elderly, IlveMork units; 1:1 density Supplements HCC sec. 11
bonus; resale restrictions 5(c) (credits), -8 (density
bonus), -14 (resale
restrictions
HSG - e: New private developments are encouraged to creativelyprovide low =Vaffordable housing and
meet certain needs especially critical to Kona. The Design Center should help to increase awareness of OC/PD
these policies and stimulate creativity to meet these needs
SECYT11,0. 4:6 I, IB IC xp l 111E ., NTtRAS1TIR_ C &LYLCE
PUB - 2.1a: Plan a new Nath Kona Police Station to be located within the HonokohauVillage TOD and V Policeprogramfordesignandconstructionfunding
PUB-2.1b: Coordinate with the Slate to relocate the droit and district courts to the Hookohau Village V State Judiciary, PDTOD
PUB-2.1c: Design and construct the relocated South Kona Police Station. TheConry is in the processof Police
acquiring asite
PUB - 2.3a: Existing and proposed fire stations meet the level of service for the Urban Area. A new fire FirestationisneededinSouthKonainthevicinityoftheHookena
PUB - 2.4a: Identify proposed lifeguard stations o the Oficial Public Facilities and Services Map Fire, PD
PUB - 2.6a: Identify additional disastershelters and critcal facilities where defecient State and County CD
PUB - 3.2a: Plan, design, and construct information centerlactuirycenter forthe disabled and elderly OA
PUB - 3.4c: Continue toimplement curb ramp program for streets andsidewalks and parks and recreation DPW, PRprogramfacilities
PUB -4.1a: Update, as necessary, DWS's master plan for Kona to support future growth in the TODs DWS
Policy- 42 South Kona Water System
tL
v
S
wM
OMP,L'ETIONITIMELLINEM
I'I'm
PUB - 4.3d: Update the Kona water system master plan to incorporate agricultural water component DWS
PUB - 4.4b: Develop asewerplan to service the Kahaluu area IDEM
PUB - 4.4c: Updatethe sewarage master plan to servicethe entireKona Urban Area with priority to the
TODs and the areaswithin approximately 1 mile ofthe shoreline DEM
PUB - 4.5a: Master plan the expansion of the Kealakehe Wastewater TreatmentPlant DEM
PUB - 4.5b: Master plan the development ofa new wastewater treatment plant servicing north ofHina I-ani
Street that considers the feasibility of natural treatment systems DEM
PUB - 4.5c: Master planacomprehensive wastewater reclamation system to maximize reuse DEM
PU94.6a: Future wastewater reuse areas shaft be idenfified on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and
Servdes Ma Waste Management DEM, PO
Pub - 5.1b: Master plan concept and financing for new natural sysytem wastewater treatment facility and
relocated transfer stationhcycli29 center, obtain DLNR approval to use State land DEM
PUB - 6.2a: Identifydefidencies to the park system described in Policy PUB-6.2 I I I JPR, PD
PUB - 6.21b: Establish a master plan forexpansion and improvement ofthe Old Airport as a district park I I I PR, PD
PUB - 6.2c: Begin the process to find a location and funding forthe KonaCivic Auditorium. Invite public
input regarding resign requirements and preferences I PR, PD
PUB - 6.2d: Prepare master plan for Kealakehe Regional Park
PUB - 6.2e: Begin the processto find location, acquire site, prepare master plan and fund a South Kona
District Park (including integrated communityservices center
PUB-7.1a: Use chamettes to the extent practicable in the design process of County facilities to involve the
community, broaden the design input with multi- isciplinay expertise, and stimulate aeatiuiy LPDPUB - 7.1b: Updatethe community at milestones in the design process such as theend of theschematic,
design development, and rebid construction documents phases
PUB-2.1d: Support the addition ofmanpower for policing efforts Police
PUB - 2.2a: Support for the corrununity policing program should continue Police
PUB-2.2b: In villages, consider reinstating the bicycle patrols Police
PUB - 2.2c: Through a Business Improvement District or other organization, partnerwith downtown
businesses to enhancesecurity and orderliness KVID
PUB - 2.2d: Develop a public safety audit cheddist and conduct neighborhood and downtown safety walks to
identify potential crime spots a unsafe areas
PUB-2.5a: Identify motor vehicle related fatalities and injuries
Police, KVBID,
Neighborhood Watch
Organization
Police, DOT, DOH, traffic
safety organizations
PUB-2.51b: Improve data collection, assessment and dissemination of information Police, DOT, DOH, traffic
safiety organizations
PUB-2.5c: Encourage an integrated planning and design process for improvements in roads, emergency
medical services, and public transportation
Police, DOT, DOH, traffic
safety organizations
PUB-3.1a: Coordinate with the County of Hawaii Healthcare Crisis Plan Mayors Office
PUB - 3Aa: Continue to workwith the police department to assist in accessible parking enforcement Police
PUB - 3Ab: Oder educational programs to sensitize residents to the chanllerges ofthe blind, deaf, or wheel
chair bound persons One stop center
PUB - 4.3a: Develop policies and plans to provide water for agricultural use, and amend DWS's Rules
accordingly
DWS
PUB-4.3b: Developan Irrigation best practices certification program SWCD
PUB-4.3c: Develop an application form tofacilitate verification of the agricultural dedication and irrigation
best practices certification DWS
PUB - 4.4a: Identifythe violators and enforce the sewer hookup requirements I IDEM
PUB - 4.7a: Hire aconsultant to develop Stomrwater Management Program andGuidelines, incentives, and
educetioNtraini ram, such as LID DPW
PUB- 4.7b: Implement the education and training program; adopt and publicize the incentives; adopt and
enforce the Stomrwater Management Guildelines DPW
PUB - 5.1a: Find entreprenuer(s) for biofuel crop I R80
PUB - 6.3a: Establish in cooperation with the Stale DOE, pint use of school facilities for reaeatinal and
community use
PR, DOE, PD
Policy PUB - 6.4 Environment as Public Realm and Classroom. See Actions ENV - 2.1 and CR -1.1e
PUB - 6.5a: Consider 1% of publicfacilities construction budget to be allocated for public artat new County
facilities IC
PolicyPUB - 6.6: Important Role of Schools in Creating a Sense of Community I JPR, DOE, PD
ACTION
IICOMPM IONITIMEbINEM
P
n
CC
B a
a11MW
N
PUB - 7.2a: Develop a maintenance level ofservice for parks and streetsrapes to establish a baseline
expectation PR, DPW
PUB - 7.21b: Encourage adopt-a-park and adopt-a-street civic participation to meet the level of services
expectations
PR,
conmunilylneighborhood
associations
PUB-7.2c: Provide for upgrading and maintenance to the public facilities in critical need ofadention PR, DPW
PUB - 7.2d: Increase outsidelighting at public mstrooms PR, DPW
PUB - 7.2e: Open existing public restmoms that are currently dosed, and provide formorepublic restroom
in strategic locations PR, DPW
PUB - 7.2r: Innate a process to establish a monthly, scheduled maintenance review ofpubilc rmtooms in
Kona PR, DPW
Policy PUB-7.3: Requitement Incentives J
PUB - 8.1a: The County shall work with the community to establish One-Stop Community Resource Center R&D, community
PUB - 8.11b: Inaease funding for the Healing Our Island Program I I I JR&D
PUB -8.1c: Inaease transpafation options, especially small vans, in other to reduce rural isolation and
increase access to program, jobs and activities I R&D, MT
PUB-8.1d: Increase demand-response transportation through the use ofsmall vans in order to increase
accessibility to drug and alcohol treatment and programs J I R&D, MT
PUB-8.1e: Increase the number ofthera eu s: living rams and facilities I I I VI JR&D, MT, OA
PUB-8.1f. Develop a de-box program in Kona community/non-profit
TUB-8.1g: Establish a youth intake center to provide more immediate intervention for youth in Kana communitylnon-profit
PUB - 8.1h:Expand paMerships among substanceabuse treatment providers and improve coordinaton and
integration of services
J cammunirylnon-profit
PUB - 8.2a: Provide demand-response transportation (e.g. small vans) for the elderly, youth, and disabled R&D, MT
PUB - 8.2b: Expand partnerships among providers and improve coordination and integration of services for
residents with disabilities or special needs
J canmunirylnonprofit OA
PUB - 8.2c: The County shall provide a new homeless shelter and an opportunity for transitional living to low
income rental housing
Poli PUB 1-1: Official Public Facilities and Services M
OA
PUB - 2.2e: Incorporate inthe Village Design Guidelines crime prevention through enviommental design
principles PD
Policy PUB-3.3: Preventive Health through Walkable Communifim - IDesignIncorporated in Village
Des n Guidelines
PUB-4.11b: Amend DWS Rules as necessary to support the Kona CDP land use policies DWS
Policy PUB-6.1: Gathering Places Incorporated in Village
Guidelines
Policy PUB-6.2: Neighborhood park dedication requirements Supersedes HCC Chap. 8
Park Dedication)
d: WIi 0' MJEN109GY
ENGY-1.41b: Install photovoltaic Systems to power deepwell pumps forthe Conry Kana wells
PD.
ENGY-1.4c: Pilot installations of power generating-pressure reducing valves in Kona are in progress Zpartm Policy ENGY-1.7: County Lead by Example
ENGY-1.1a: Provide a standard logo label to stickonto the Ube page ofbuilding plans to atert the Kona
permitting agencies to expediter W-BD
Policy ENGY-1.2: Energy Saving Renovation for Existing Residences Kona norfprofit
ENGY-1.3a: Work with lenders to publicize available mortgage programs Credit Unions and other
lenders
ENGY-1.4a: Finance a leak detection program for the Canty Kona water systems J DWS
Policy ENGY-1.5: Distributed energy and Other Innovative Technology Support J HELCO
Policy ENGY-1.6: Alternative Fuel for Keahole Power Plant
S.EWfIIIL(9 14.8 _C•Q O_I,C r Favi . O,
JHELCO
ECON-1.1a: Develop RFP for new hospital, negotiate with candidates, and select new site DOH, PD, mate
ECON-1.11b: Develop medical tenter TOD master plan and rezone as Regional Center TOD DOH, PD, mate
ECON-1.2a: Develop TOD master planwith the civic center as the heart ofthe town oentar and rezone as
Commercial TOD DPW, PD
rCOMPLETIONTIMEUNEINUP
t i
x ..IYPLEYENTOWSI
ECON-1.3a: Encourage DBEDT and NELHA BoD to reevaluate and publicly articulate NELHA'sshort-and DBEDT,NELHA
Ion -tern business plan
ECON-1.3b: Develop a master plan for the commercial development of the mauka area of NELHA and DBEDT, NELHA
obtain entitlements
ECON-1.3c: Design and construct the frontage road to complement and implement thecommercial master NELHA, private, DPW
an
ECON-1.4a: Work withthe State, University System, and the community to finalize decisions regarding the UH, private
mission and size of the new uniuers' atWest Hawaii
ECONA.4b: Develop a master plan and program funds for the design and constructions of the campus UH, private
ECON-1.4c: Develop the TOD master plan forthe surrounding areas of the university in coordinaton with UH, privatetheadjoiningPalamanuiProect
ECON-1.4d: Formalizethe relationship between the Hawaii Community College and the Design Center, UH, NELHA, DC
NELHA, and thehealthcare industry
Policy ECON-1.5: Food Industry Catalysts DOA, UH, PD, community
Policy ECON-1.6: Conservation as a viable business option private, government
Policy ECON-1.7: Redevelopment as economic stimuli PD, KVID
ECON -1.8a: Establish a pod ofexperbse and information on the eoo-indusbial park concept R&D
ECON -1.8b: Establish a reuse center to refurbish and sell used appliances and materials OHCD, Catholic Social
Ministries
ECON -1.8c: Establish a cornmunity, recognition program for green businesses COC
ECON - 2.1a: The County will work with Kona's Agricultural Community to make recommendations for RBD, DOA, community
Priorities
ECON-2.1b: Create and adopt a County Agricultural Tourism pmgmnVpolicy RBD, DOA, community
ECON-2.1c: In partnership with the agricultural community in Kona, the County will establish a "Local RBD, DOA, community,
Grown" p ram for agricultural products UH
ST9NDIIR _S/WDREGUL OON3
Policy ECON-1.1: Establishes Medical Center Floating Zone Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art. 6, Div. 4 (Project
Districts
Policy ECON-1.8: Establishes Eco -Industrial Park Floating Zone Supplements HCC Chap.
25, Art. 6, Div. 4 (Project
Districts
MON/TOR/NG EFFECTIVENESS
AND PROGRESS CHAPTER 6
6. MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND
PROGRESS
An "indicator" is something that helps you understand where you are, which way you are going, and
how far you are from where you want to be. The Kona CDP Community Indicators will serve as an
annual information resource to provide a snapshot of current community conditions and trends based
on selected quantitative data gathered from a variety of sources.
The indicators were selected based on the following factors:
They are relevant. They tell us something basic and fundamental to the long term cultural,
environmental, economic or social health of our community.
They reflect community values. The crucial role of an indicator is to reflect the community's
values that resonate with the citizens of Kona.
They are attractive to local media. The press publicizes them and uses them to analyze
community trends and the implementation plan.
They are statistically measurable. Data exist or can be developed that is relevant to our
geographic area.
They are reliable. You must be able to trust what the indicator shows and preferably indicators
can be measured over time so that you have comparable data and can track trends.
The report card will be published annually based on trends:
Good trend or progress
No change or holding steady
Bad trend or no action
The first are general trend indicators which will give us a demographic snapshot of our
1. Indicator: Population growth trend for North Kona, South Kona, and relative to the County
Data source: U.S. Census Bureau
2. Indicator: Ratio of full time residents to part time residents
Data source: State Department of Taxation
3. Indicator: Ethnic diversity
Data source: U.S. Census Bureau and County Research & Development.
4. Indicator: Median household income
Data source: U.S. Census Bureau and County Research & Development
KONA CDP 6-1
CHAPTER 6
MON/TOR/NG EFFECT/VENESS
AND PROGRESS
The following indicators are organized to reflect the eight (8) Guiding Principles identified by the
citizens of Kona throughout the planning process.
Natural Resources Indicators:
Areas of natural and cultural significance protected.
1. Indicator: Number of acres of federal, state, county, and privately -owned open space that are
permanently protected for conservation.
Data source: State Department of Land & Natural Resources Land Division and Land Use
Commission, State Department of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism, and County
Planning Department
Indicator: 80% of Kona's residents have access to public Open Space within walking distance
from their homes.
Data source: County Open Space Network Program
Water quality monitoring guidelines are met or exceeded for Kona's nearshore waters.
1. Indicator: Measurement of nearshore water quality for fecal coliform, nutrients and coral reef
health
Data source: County Water Quality Monitoring Program, Department of Health Clean Water
Branch
2. Indicator: Number of anchialine ponds inventoried and protected.
Data source: County Planning Department, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
Agricultural lands are maintained.
1. Indicator: Acreage of Kona land zoned farmland.
Data source: Initiate GIS layer for ag use based on property tax and inventory system for
permanent open space. State Department of Land & Natural Resources Land Division, State
Department of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism, and County Planning
Department, County Real Property Tax & Assessment Office
2. Indicator: Number of Kona farmers markets and average number of agricultural vendors.
Data source: Kona Farm Bureau
New building is energy efficient.
1. Indicator: Annual number of EnergyStar, LEED or Hawaii BuiltGreen certified buildings.
Data source: Hawaii Electric and Light Company, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.
Department of Energy, Building Industry Association of Hawaii (Hawaii BuiltGreen), State
Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism
2. Indicator: Number of existing homes retrofitted with solar heating.
Data source: Hawaii Electric and Light Company
6-2 KONA CDP
MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS
AND PROGRESS CHAPTER 6
Recycling is maximized and solid waste is decreased.
1. Indicator: Measurement of solid waste generation per capita
Data source: County Department of Environmental Management
2. Indicator: Measurement of pounds recycled per capita
Data source: County Department of Environmental Management
Cultural Resources Indicators:
Cultural resources and historic trails are mapped and protected.
1. Indicator: Number of archeological sites and number of linear miles of historic trails mapped and
protected.
Data source: State Historic Preservation Division, County Kona Cultural Resources Committee
2. Indicator: Number of cultural resources, including sites and trails protected by management
plans/easements or other tools.
Data source: County Open Space Network, County Planning Department, State Historic
Preservation Division, and County Kona Cultural Resources Committee
3. Indicator: Number of people enrolled in Hawaiian language classes
Data source: DOE & Kamehameha Schools
Traffic congestion is decreased on major thoroughfares due to the creation of alternative routes
and methods of transportation.
1. Indicator: Number of linear miles of new roadways.
Data source: County Planning Department and Data Management, Required Concurrency
Roads (Table 4-1 and Figure 4-3) or Kona CDP Implementation Committee, State Department
of Transportation
2. Indicator: Number of shared -use paths and bike routes.
Data source: County Planning Department and Data Management, Required Concurrency
Roads (Table 4-1 and Figure 4-3) or Kona CDP Implementation Committee, State Department
of Transportation
3. Indicator: Number of people riding the bus per day.
Data source: County Mass Transit Agency
4. Indicator: Number of Public Transit "Stations" and sheltered stops.
Data source: County Mass Transit Agency
KONA CDP 63
MON/TOR/NG EFFE=vENESS
CHAPTER 6 AND PROGRESS
There are a range of housing options available for Kona residents.
1. Indicator: Residents live within 30 minutes drive time from employment.
Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Research & Development
2. Indicator: Housing costs are no more than 30% of annual household income.
Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Research & Development
3. Indicator: Number of new affordable housing units built.
Data source: County Housing and Community Development, Public Housing Authority, Hawaii
Housing Finance and Development Corporation
Housing assistance is provided to ourmost vulnerable citizens; the elderly, disabled and
homeless.
1. Indicator: Number of units directed to homeless, senior and disabled residents.
Data source: County Housing and Community Development, Hawaii Public Housing Authority,
Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation
uidin Princi le 4. Provide recreation Popoodunities.
A range of recreational opportunities are available to residents ofKona to foster a healthy
lifestyle.
1. Indicator: The Number of regional, district, community and neighborhood parks established as
outlined in the plan.
Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation, County Department of Public Works,
State Department of Land & Natural Resources State Parks Division, State Department of Land
Natural Resources Forestry & Wildlife Division, National Park Service
2. Indicator: Number of cultural and environmental festivals, programs, and community-based,
volunteer projects.
Data source: County Department of Research & Development, State Department of Business,
Economic Development, & Tourism, State Department of Agriculture, and Kona Farm Bureau
3. Indicator: Number of Hales or "gathering places" available for public use.
Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation
4. Indicator: Number of cultural sites open to the public.
Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation, County Open Space Network
Program, State Department of Land & Natural Resources, National Park Service
6-4 KONA CDP
MON/TOR/NG EFFE=vENESS
AND PROGRESS CHAPTER 6
Growth is directed to mixed-use compact villages.
1. Indicator: Number of land -use proposals that meet Village Project District Standards.
Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center)
2. Indicator: Number of new development projects that voluntarily adopt the plan guidelines.
Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center)
3. Indicator: Number of land use approvals that meet Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines.
Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center)
4. Indicator: Number of approvals of "infill developments" connected to existing communities.
Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center)
uidin Princi le 6. Provide infras ructure and essential facilities concurrent with rowth.
Indicator: Number of sites selected for new public facilities.
Data source: County Department of Public Works, County Department of Parks & Recreation,
County Department of Planning
2. Indicator: Recommended minimum standards for public services, fire and police are met.
Data source: County Mayor's Office, County Fire Department, County Police Department
MU iMaMrinci MIMEFORraae a diverse and vibrant econom .
The agricultural character of Kona is maintained.
1. Indicator: GE Taxes paid on local agriculture production.
Data source: State Department of Agriculture
Sustainable Industries Indicators
1. Indicator: Number of local businesses able to pay a living wage (FTE median income)
Data source: State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, County
Research and Development
2. Indicator: Number of locally owned and operated businesses.
Data source: State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism
KONA CDP 6-5
MON/TOR/NG EFFECT/VENESS
CHAPTER 6 AND PROGRESS
u'din PfinCi le 8, romote effective oVernance
Kona has the local authority to guide implementation of the plan and it's components (i.e.
Design Center, Kona Cultural Resources Committee, Kona Housing Non -Profit, Kona Housing
Trust Fund, etc.).
1. Indicator: Implementation of Policies and Actions included in the Kona CDP Implementation
Matrix on schedule.
Data source: County Planning Department and Kona CDP Implementation Committee
6-6 KONA CDP
GLOSSARY - CHAPTER 7
7. GLOSSARY
Action — A specific requirement or recommendation, such as the creation of a project or program,
intended to implement a policy or achieve an objective.
Brownfield — Land previously used for industrial purposes or certain commercial uses that may be
contaminated by low concentrations of hazardous waste or pollution and has the potential to be reused
once it is cleaned up.
Commercial Village — A village intended for mixed use, higher density residential, retail, commercial,
employment, and/or regional one -of -a -kind facilities such as major civic, medical, education,. and
entertainment facilities.
Density — The ratio of the dwelling units to the gross land area in which they are located
Density Transfer — The transfer of allowable dwelling units from one parcel of land to another, in
exchange for open space.
Development Agreement — A written agreement for specified periods of time between the County, any
governmental entity or agency made a party thereto, and any person having a legal or equitable
interest in real property for the purpose of vesting the right to develop such property in accordance with
laws, ordinances, resolutions, rules, and policies of any governmental entity or agency made party to
the agreement in effect at the time such agreement is executed, and for the purpose of delineating
development requirements that may include, but are not limited to, affordable housing, design
standards, water allocations, dedications of real or personal property, on-site and off-site infrastructure
and other development related improvements and government services, which shall be approved by
resolution of the County Council and executed by the Mayor on behalf of the County.
Environmental Assessment (EA) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) — An informational
document prepared in compliance with Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, that discloses the
environmental and social impacts of a proposed action on the community and state, measures
proposed to minimize adverse effects, and provides alternatives to the action.
Extensive Agriculture — LUPAG designation for lands not classified as Important Agricultural Land.
Includes lands that are not capable of producing sustained, high agricultural yields without the intensive
application of modem farming methods and technologies due to certain physical constraints such as
soil composition, slope, machine tillability and climate. Other, less intensive, agricultural uses such as
grazing and pasture may be included in the Extensive Agriculture category.
Flood Corridors — Includes FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) 100 -year floodplains and
planned flow ways.
Flow Way — Proposed man-made drainage or designated channels.
KONA CDP 7-1
CHAPTER 7 GLOSSARY
Goal — A goal is a desired outcome expressed in simple terms. It should describe the desired end
state.
Greenbelt or Greenway — Areas of largely undeveloped, wild, agricultural land surrounding or
neighboring urban areas.
Greenfield — An area that is undeveloped or used for agriculture. Refers only to undeveloped open
space within the Kona Urban Area between TODs, TNDs and infill.
Important Agricultural Lands — LUPAG designation for lands with better potential for sustained high
agricultural yields because of soil type, climate, topography, or other factors. Important agricultural
lands were determined by including the following lands:
Lands identified as "Intensive Agriculture" on the 1989 General Plan Land Use Pattern
Allocation Guide Maps.
Lands identified in the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH)
classification system as "Prime" or "Unique."
Lands classified by the Land Study Bureau's Soil Survey Report as Class B "Good" soils.
There are no Class A lands on the Island of Hawaii.
Lands classified as at least "fair' for two or more crops, on an irrigated basis, by the
U.S.D.A. Natural Resource Conservation Service's study for suitability for various crops.
In North and South Kona, the "coffee belt," a continuous band defined by elevation,
according to input from farmers.
State agricultural parks.
Infill —Land development within the general boundaries of existing urban/suburban areas that were
previously left undeveloped.
Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) — The County of Hawaii General Plan LUPAG Map
indicates the general location of various land uses in relation to each other.
Make! — towards the sea.
Mauka — inland, upland, towards the mountain
Mixed Use — A land use pattern that integrates compatible residential, commercial, industrial, office,
institutional, or other land uses.
Neighborhood Village — A village intended for residential, public/civic uses, or small scale
neighborhood oriented commercial uses. The commercial uses are of a small scale and are intended
to serve the needs of the village residents.
Objective — An objective is a desired endpoint that leads toward accomplishing a goal
7-2 KONA CDP
GLOSSARY CHAPTER 7
Open Space — Undeveloped land or water body which is free of structures and equipment, except for
those incidental to the land's open space uses. Open space may include the following: flood
protection, creating a sense of special separation fro incompatible land uses, areas for agricultural
operations, passive recreation, active recreation, conservation uses, or historical site preservation.
Pedestrian Way — A public right-of-way through a block between lots for pedestrian traffic, which may
also be used as a utility easement, and which has a maximum width of twenty feet.
Policy — A deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.
Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resources Preservation Commission — The
Commission will be made up of nine members who are appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the
Council. The purpose of the Commission is to develop an island -wide prioritized list of qualifying lands
worthy of preservation. The Commission will explore methods of funding land acquisition and make
recommendations and will emphasize land acquisitions where the County's contribution can be
leveraged to obtain State, Federal and/or private funds.
Rural Area — Areas outside of the Kona Urban Area.
Secondary Area — The area extending approximately Y< mile from the outer edger of the village core of
the TOD. Lower density housing and other auto -oriented uses are located here. The secondary areas
take advantage of the services within the core area through an interconnected street system with easy
access to transit by foot, bike, or car. Secondary areas will be primarily comprised of standard single-
family and multi -family neighborhoods.
Traditional Neighborhood District Floating Zone (TND) — A new type of Project District for areas
zoned agriculture within the Kona Urban Area.
Transit Oriented Development Floating Zone (TOD) — Mixed use developments located at strategic
points along a regional transit system. TODs consist of moderate and high density housing, along with
complementing public uses, jobs, retail and services.
Urban Area — The Kona Urban Area spans from the Kona International Airport to Keauhou. The
majority of future growth shall be directed within this area.
Village Core — A concentration of development within a neighborhood that includes identified
residential, retail, office, public spaces, and public/civic uses. The village core includes the % mile area
from a transit station.
KONA CDP 73
CHAPTER 7
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GLOSSARY
KONA CDP
REFERENCES CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES
ACP -Visioning & Planning Ltd. and The Environmental Simulation Center. Public Involvement
Summary: Process and Results. November 23, 2006
Allen, William. "Restoring Hawaii's Dry Forests." Bioscience, Dec. 2000, Volume 50. Number. 12.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets. Fifth Edition, 2004.
Bauer, Glenn. A Study of the Ground -Water Conditions in North and South Kona and South Kohala
Districts 1991-2002. September 2003.
County of Hawaii. 2006 County of Hawaii Databook. 2007.
County of Hawai'i Planning Department. County of Hawaii General Plan. February 2005.
County of Hawai'i Planning Department. Keahole to Honaunau Regional Circulation Plan: County
Action Plan. August 14, 2006.
County of Hawai'i Agriculture: Livestock" www.hawaii-county.com/bigislandaoflivestock.html. 1997.
Davies, Michael, Claire Gagne, Zenke Hausfather and Dawn Lippert. Analysis and Recommendations
for the Hawaii County Energy Sustainability Plan. Prepared for the Hawaii County Council. October
3, 2007.
Ellis, William. Journal of William Ellis. Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd, Honolulu, Hawai'i. 1963
Green, Linda Wedel. A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of
Hawaii Island. U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Denver Service Center.
September 1993. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online books/konathistorv.htm
Hawaii Business Directory 2006, Directories USA, Omaha, NE.
James, Sarah and Torbjrn Lahti. The Natural Step for Communities: How Cities and Towns Can
Change to Sustainable Practices. 2004.
Johnson, Jeremiah, Dan Leistra, Jules Opton-Himmel, and Masom Smith. Hawaii County Baseline
Energy Analysis. May 10, 2006.
Kamakau, Samuel M. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised Edition). The Kamehameha Schools Press,
Honolulu, Hawai'i. 1961.
KONA CDP 8-1
CHAPTER 8 REFERENCES
Kelley, Jack. "Shifting Paradigms for West Hawaii° Hawai'i Island Journal, Dec. 4, 2004
www.hawaiisalandeoumal.com/2004/12bO4b.html
Kona Historical Society's Kona Historic Ranch and Store. Kona (Hawai'i) Historical Society — Kona
Historic Ranch and Greenwell Store. Undated.
Leakey, Roger, "Agroforestry: Tree -based Polycultures;'
www.agroforestry.neVevents/afwkshD2006/virtualwkshps.html#Anchor-Agenda-11481)
Leone, Diana. "Native Bat Forces Review of Timber Harvesting," Honolulu Star Bulletin, Dec. 12, 2002
Maly, Kep9. Malama Pono I Ka Bina — An Overview of the Hawaiian Cultural Landscape. 2001.
Oki, Delywn. Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the ground -water flow system of Kona, Island
of Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey Water -Resources Investigations Report 99-4073. U.S. Geological
Survey, Honolulu, HI. 1999.
Personal Communication. Chief Lawrence Mahuna, County Police Department, December 17, 2007.
Personal Communication. Ruby McDonald, State Office of Hawaiian Affairs. April 28, 2008.
Reinecke, J.E. Survey of Sites on West Hawaii. File Manuscript, Department of Anthropology, Bishop
Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1930.
Smart Growth Network. Getting to Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation,
http://smartgrowth.org.
State of Hawai'i, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, Office of Planning.
Hawaii Statewide GIS Program. htto://hawaii.gov/dbedt/gis/
State of Hawaii, Department of Health. Guidelines for the Treatment and Use of Recycle Water. May
15, 2002.
State of Hawai'i, Hawai'i 2050 Sustainability Task Force. Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan. January
2008.
University of Hawai'i College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTHAR). "Characteristics
of Hawaii's Retail Forest Industry in 2001," Economic Issues, Feb 2006.
University of Hawai'i, Department of Geography. Atlas of Hawaii. The University Press of Hawai'i,
Honolulu. Third Edition 1998.
U.S. Census Bureau, Hawai'i Census 2000. http://www.census.gov
8-2 KONA CDP
REFERENCES CHAPTER 8
Zelinka, A. and D. Brennan, Safescape: Creating Safer, More Livable Communities Through Planning
and Design. Chicago: Planners Press, American Planning Association, 2001.
KONA CDP 8-3
CHAPTER 8
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REFERENCES
8-4 KONA CDP
ATTACHMENT A
Official Map Metadata
Metadata for Official Maps
Kona CDP
Some of the GIS layers appear on several of the Official Maps. Usually, a layer is "official" on only
one of the Official Maps, and informational on other maps. To distinguish its status, the following
table indicates on which map the layer is a "Policy Layer" (i.e., official) and which map the layer is
just informational.
Policy Layer: Official information on the map that require an amendment to the plan to
add, delete, or relocate records. Changes that improve the accuracy of the information are
considered "updates" rather then amendments.
Information Layer: Background information that automatically update with any changes to
the Policy Layers, or otherwise do not need a plan amendment to change the information.
Layer
Official Maps
Transportation
Network
Concurrency Land Use Public Facilities
and Services
Proposed Roads Policy Policy Information
Major Transit Line Policy Information Information
Transit
Stops/Stations/Hub
Policy Information
Pedestrian -Bike Paths Policy
Urban Area, Rural Town
TODs
Information Information Policy Information
TOD Type Information Information Policy
Concurrency Zone Policy
Public Facilities
separate layers by
facility)
Policy
Financing Districts Policy
Existing Roads (Street
Centerline
Information Information Information Information
Parcels I Information Information Information Information
La er Name: Proosed I Roads
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map
and the Kona CDP Official Concurrency Map. This layer identifies major future
roads proposed in the General Plan or Kona CDP process. Major roads include
arterials, major collectors, minor collectors, and other important connectors. The
purposes to identify these future corridors are: 1) to preserve the corridor by
incorporating the right-of-way in applicable permit approvals; 2) to provide notice
to potentially affected owners; and 3) to plan these improvements, as appropriate,
in the capital improvements program. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and
not Countywide.
File Name: Proposed Roads
Layer Type: Polyline
Source: The General Plan polylines were copied from the County of Hawaii Planning
Department's General Plan roads shapefile. The polylines for the Kona CDP
roads were generally drawn connecting two points following background
information (e.g., proposed developer's site plans) where available.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
Name Name of the road
Source Whether the road is proposed from the General Plan
GP) or Kona Community Development Plan (CDP)
Concurrency Area Identifies the. concurrency zone in which the road is
located for the Official Concurrency Map
ID_1 Roadway segment identification number
Class Roadway classification:
Arterial
Collector, major
Collector, minor
Connector, unclassified
Status Status of the proposed roadway:
A — Conceptual: The alignment is conceptual, just
connecting two endpoints. For planning purposes, a
study corridor of at least four times the right-of-way width
is recommended within which to locate the actual
alignment.
B — Preliminary: Preliminary engineering and
environmental surveys have been conducted (or are in
process) to more definitively set the alignment. For
planning purposes, a study corridor of at least two times
the right-of-way width is recommended within which to
locate the actual alignment.
C — Final: Construction plans have been completed (or
are in process) and the right-of-way has been subdivided
or legally defined by metes and bounds (or is in the
process of subdivision approval).
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created Aril 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map.
This layer identifies major transit (bus) routes, proposed or existing. Major transit
routes include trunk routes (the highest headways in the region) and secondary
routes (connects major destinations but the headways may not be as high as trunk
routes). The layer does not include feeder or commuter routes, although in.the
future all routes could be added. The purposes to identify these major transit
routes are: 1) to integrate transportation and land use planning; 2) to factor transit
service in prioritizing future roads; and 3) to plan and budget for the capital and
operational resources to expand the transit system. This layer is specific to the
Kona CDP and not Countywide, although it could be the basis for a Countywide
transit routes database.
File Name: Proposed Transit Lines
Layer Type: Polylines
Source: The polylines for the designated transit routes were either "traced" from the County of
Hawaii street centerline shapefile (for existing roads) or the Proposed Roads shapefile. As
changes are made to the alignments of the Proposed Roads, the transit routes should be updated
to "trace" the modified alignment.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
Type Trunk or Secondary
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department, County of Hawaii
Mass Transit Agency. Modifications after the adoption of
the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table.
Update vs. Amendment I Date Description of Modification
Created April 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map.
This layer identifies major transit stops (pullout with shelter), stations (building), or
hub (station that serves as central transfer point among routes that intersect at the
hub). The layer only identifies those stations/stops/hub along the trunk or
secondary routes; it does not include stops along feeder or commuter routes,
although in the future all stops could be added. The purposes to identify these
major transit stops/stations/hub are: 1) to integrate transportation and land use
planning, especially in the planning of walkable villages that center the pedshed
on a transit stop/station; and 2) to plan and budget for the capital and operational
resources to build and maintain these facilities. This layer is specific to the Kona
CDP and not Countywide, although it could be the basis for a Countywide transit
routes database.
File Name: Transit Stops_Stations_Hubs
Layer Type: Point
Source: The location of the points were based on the approximate locations of the TOD
villages. These points will need to be updated as the actual type and locations of
these transit facilities are determined.
Attributes: FID
Type
Location
Route
Status
Responsible agency to update:
Internal software number
Hub, Station, or Stop; Baseyard
TOD or other descriptive location
Trunk or Secondary
Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
County of Hawaii Planning Department, County of Hawaii
Mass Transit Agency. Modifications after the adoption of
the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created Aril 2008
La er Name: Pedestrian -Bike Paths
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map.
This layer identifies the bike and pedestrian network. It is intended to be updated
as part of the Kona Open Space Network Program that will create a
comprehensive hubs (destination areas) and links system. The purposes to
identify these bike and pedestrian facilities as part of the overall transportation
network system are: 1) to ensure the planning of new roads incorporate the
appropriate type of bike and pedestrian facilities; 2) to facilitate the retrofitting of
existing roads when the roads are repaved or otherwise improved; and 3) to plan
these improvements, as appropriate, in the capital improvements program in terms
4
of a network system rather than piecemeal. This layer is designed to serve as the
Countywide database for bike and pedestrian facilities.
File Name: Pedestrian Bike Paths
Layer Type: Polyline
Source: Kona CDP: The planning data was primarily based on input from PATH
which modified the Bike Plan Hawaii (State of Hawaii, September 2003).
Lines were digitized by the County of Hawaii Planning Department by
using the "tracing" or "copy parallel lines" on the COH centerline feature or
the Na Ala Hele trails feature. Where centerlines or trails features were
absent, lines followed background USGS or flood hazard features. The
location of the lines are conceptual. For example, some of the lines may
fall outside of the right-of-way where, in fact, the actual facility is meant to
be constructed within the right-of-way. The width between the lines were
set arbitrarily at 30' from either side of the centerline.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
Name Name of the street or trail. If no name, the default is
Connector".
Type Shoulder: Open section streets where stabilized shoulder
is designed for non-exclusive use by bicycles and legal
mopeds. Intersections have dedicated bicycle space
marked.
Shared: Streets shared by vehicles and bicycles (no bike
lane striping) where lane is wide enough or route is
signed.
Lane: Bike lane for exclusive use of bicycles and legal
mopeds. No motor scooters or motorcycles. No parking.
Path: Multi -use path for pedestrians and bicyclists.
Special path for steep topography labeled as Path -s
switchback).
Ped -x: Routes for exclusive use by pedestrians. "x"= SW
sidewalk) or T (trail)
Jurisdiction Ownership and maintenance by (S)tate, (C)ounty,
0)ther, or (U)ndetermined
Cost Class Bike Plan Hawaii classification to distinguish magnitude
orders of funding required.
Cost Estimate Cost estimate
Priority Level Priority established by Bike Plan Hawaii or to be
determined by the Kona Open Space Network Program
or other CDP process
Status Existing: Existing conditions are adequate. For trails,
needs to be open to the public. If a trail physically exists
but access rights or improvements needed, then
considered "Proposed".
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Existing -repave: Street exists but shoulder stabilization
Created
and/or striping improvements need to be coordinated with
future repaving.
Existing -redevelopment: Street exists but substantial
improvements needed (e.g., add sidewalk and curb).
Existing -sign: Existing conditions adequate; just need
signage.
Proposed: Needs to be constructed or opened to the
public.
Underway: Under construction.
Proposed in Bike Plan Hawaii, but may be duplicative,
outdated, or otherwise unnecessary and should be
evaluated through the Kona Open Space Network
Program or other CDP process.
Route No. Route identification number
Length Miles
CDP Name of CDP, if referenced in the CDP
Source Hawaii Bike Plan (BP)
PATH
PATH>BP: PATH modified Bike Plan Hawaii
NAH: Included in Na Ala Hele inventory
Notes Miscellaneous comments
ID Identification Number
Official Yes (included as part of an Official Map); No (no official
status)
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
This layer Is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer
defines the geographical extent of the Urban Area and Rural Town TODs, as
defined in the Kona CDP. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not
Countywide.
Name: Urban—Rural Boundary
Type: Polygon
I Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created Aril 2008
I
This layer Is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer
defines the geographical extent of the Urban Area and Rural Town TODs, as
defined in the Kona CDP. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not
Countywide.
Name: Urban—Rural Boundary
Type: Polygon
Source: The Urban Area polygon "traces" the LUPAG boundaries for an area spanning
from Kona International Airport to Keauhou, makai of Mamalahoa Highway,
designated urban expansion, high density, medium density, low density, resort
note, resort area, and industrial area. It excludes the area designated resort node
in Kaupulehu and the medium and low density area in Holualoa. The Rural Town
TODs polygon traces the LUPAG boundaries for medium and low density areas
from Honalo to Captain Cook.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
Type Urban Area or Rural Town TODs
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Descri tion of Modification
Created April 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer
approximately locates the TODs, as defined in the Kona CDP.
File Name: TOD Type
Layer Type: Polygon
Source: The TOD polygons were created by "buffering" the Transit Hub/Station/Stop points
at a radius distance of 0.5 mile at 0.25 mile intervals. This layer should be
updated as each TOD is defined by metes and bounds through Project District
rezoning approval.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
TOD—Name Name of the TOD Village
Type Type of TOD: Regional Center or Neighborhood
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created April 2008
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Concurrency Map. This
layer identifies the concurrency zones and works together with labeled road
segments from the Proposed Roads layer that are subject to the concurrency
requirements. An accompanying table relates the specific concurrency zones to
the labeled road segments. Although concurrency requirements apply Countywide
through the zoning code, this layer applies only to the Kona CDP planning area.
Name: Concurrency Zone
r Type: Polygon
The extent of the polygons were developed through the CDP process based on
judgements on the development area that would be served by particular road
segments. The boundaries of the polygons "trace", where applicable, parcel
boundaries or street centerlines.
FID Intemal software number
Concurrency Zone Concurrency Zone
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
1 1 Update vs. Amendment I Date I Description of Modification I
MI
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital
improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a
Countywide database.
Name: Lifeguard Stations
r Type: Point
The Department of Parks and Recreation provided the initial data for existing
lifeguard stations. The Fire Department, who took over the lifeguards from the
Department of Parks and Recreation, will assess the need for lifeguard stations.
This layer should be updated when the results of that study are available.
Attributes: FID
Facility_N
District
TMK
Status
Responsible agency to update:
Internal software number
Name of the facility
Judicial district
Tax Map Key Location
Existing, Proposed
County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Fire
Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona
CDP will be tracked in the following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Descri tion of Modification
Created I Aril 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer
is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
File Name: Fire Station
Layer Type: Point
Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Maps.
Attributes: FID
Station—Na
District
TMK
No_of_Emp
Fire_Oper_
EMS _Oper
HAZMAT_Op
Rescue _Ope
Aero Med
Twenty four
Type
No of vol
Status
Internal software number
Name of the facility
Judicial district
Tax Map Key Location
Number of employees
Fire operations
Emergency Medical Service Operations
Hazardous Material Operations
Rescue operations
Aero Medical Operations
24 -Hours
Full -Time or Volunteer Facility
Number of Volunteers
Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Fire
Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona
CDP will be tracked in the following table.
I Update vs. Amendment I Date I Description of Modification I
D
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer
is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
Name: Police Station
Type: Point
County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Map
FID Internal software number
Station_Na Name of the facility
District Judicial district
TMK Tax Map Key Location
No_of_Man Number of Manpower
Comments Miscellaneous comments
Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
Type Station or Sub -Station
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Police
Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona
CDP will be tracked in the following table.
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
10
1 Update vs. Amendment IDate Description of Modification
Created Aril 2008
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
10
of this layer is to serve as a tool for healthcare planning and also land use
planning since a hospital has the potential to serve as a catalyst for health-related
businesses. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
File Name: Hospital
Layer Type: Point
Source:
Attributes:
County of Hawaii Planning Department .
FID
Facility—Na
District
TMK
Acute—beds
Longterm_
Total beds
Medical SU
Critical—C
Obstetric
Pediatric
Neonatal_I
Psych
Skilled Nu
Intermed
Snf icf
Acute snf
Status
Responsible agency to update:
Internal software number
Name of the facility
Judicial district
Tax Map Key Location
Long Term Care
Total number of rooms
Medical/Surgical
Critical Care
Obstetrician Care
Pediatrician
Psychiatric Care
Skilled Nursing
Intermediate Care
Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment I Date Description of Modification
Created April 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for emergency
response planning. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide
database.
Name: Emergency Shelters
Type: Point
County of Hawaii Civil Defense, Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan
FID Internal software number
ID Arc Internal Number (for Am/Info use)
Facility Name of the facility
District Judicial district
Location Street Address
TMK Tax Map Key Location
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the[civil
Defense Agency. Modifications after the adoption of the
Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table.)
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to track the various types of financing
districts as they are created by ordinance. This layer is intended to be maintained
as a Countywide database.
Name: Financing District
Type: Polygon
County of Hawaii Planning Department
FID
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
ID
Created Aril 2008
Official District Number assigned by ordinance
Date Formed
V f
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to track the various types of financing
districts as they are created by ordinance. This layer is intended to be maintained
as a Countywide database.
Name: Financing District
Type: Polygon
County of Hawaii Planning Department
FID Internal software number
ID Unique record number
DistNo Official District Number assigned by ordinance
Date Formed Effective date of ordinance forming the district
OrdEst Ordinance Number for ordinance establishing the district
OrdEnd Ordinance Number for ordinance terminating the district
Purpose Types of improvements and/or services authorized to be
funded
Status Active (still collecting assessments or taxes), Closed
paid up), Default
Name Name of the district or subdivision
12
Type . ID (improvement district), CFD (community facilities
district), BID (business improvement district), TIF (tax
increment financing district), RD (redevelopment district)
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Financing
Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona
CDP will be tracked in the following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Descri tion of Modification
Created Aril 2008
La er Name: County Park
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer
is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
File Name:
Layer Type
Source:
Attributes:
County Park
Point
County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Map
FID
Facility_N
District
TMK
Total—Area
Developed
Facility_T
Classification
Status
Responsible agency to update:
Internal software number
Name of the facility
Judicial district
Tax Map Key Location
Total Area
Developed Area
Facility Type (Camping Site, Beach Park, Ballfields, Gym,
Playground, Community Center, Courts)
Regional, District, Community, Neighborhood, Beach,
Facility (e.g., swimming pool), Passive
Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
County of Hawaii Planning Department with
Department of Parks and Recreation. Modifications after
the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
13
VS.
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to coordinate services with the State. This layer is intended to be
maintained as a Countywide database. i.
Name: Courthouse
r Type: Point
County of Hawaii Planning Department
FID Internal software number
ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/info use)
Name Name of the facility
District Judicial district
Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed),
location in vicinity)
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table..
I I' Uodate vs. Amendment I Date I Descriotion of Modification I
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities ani
Services
Map. The primary purpose.of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital
improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a
Countywide database. I
Name: Civic Center
w Type: Point
14
Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department
Attributes: FID
ID
Name
District
Status
Responsible agency to update:
Internal software number
Are Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
Name of the facility
Judicial district
Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment I Date Descri tion of Modification "
Created April 2008
La er Name: School
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool to coordinate land use planning with the State,
especially since schools are a primary community asset and affect transportation
planning. This layer includes public, private, charter, and university. This layer is
intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
File Name: School
Layer Type: Point
Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department
Attributes: FID Internal software number
School—Nam Name of the facility
District Judicial district
University University
Design_Enr Design Enrollment
Grade Level Grade levels
SY_98_99_E School Year Enrollment
TMK Tax Map Key Location
Comments Miscellaneous Comments
Enrollment Enrollment Count
FTE—Enroll Full -Time Equivalent Enrollment
Type Public, Private, Charter
15
Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed),
location in vicinity)
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. N
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be
following table.
in the
Modification
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The prii
of this layer is to coordinate services with the State. This layer is inte
maintained as a Countywide database.
Name: Library
r Type: Point
County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Maps
FID Internal software number
Area Arc Internal Number (for Am/Info use)
Perimeter Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
Library_ Arc ID (for Arc/Info use)
Library—ID, Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
Facility—Nam Name of the facility
District Judicial district
TMK Tax Map Key Location
Population Population Served
Registered Registered Borrowers
Size of Ma Size of Material Collection
Circula Circulation
Intra-Libr Intra Library Loans
Library—PR Library Programs/Attendance
Reserves_ Reserves/Holds
Public—S
Comments Miscellaneous Comments
Mobilecnt Size of Material Collection - Bookmobile
Mobilecirc Circulation—Bookmobile
Illt000ther
Services
purpose
Itobe
Illfrmother ----
Avwkuse Usings During an Average Week
Avwkrefqst Reference Questions in Average Week
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created Aril 2008
Layer Name: Priorit Sewer Area
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The, primary purpose of this layer is to guide regulatory permit conditions as
well as serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is
intended to be specific to Kona.
File Name: Priority Sewer Area
Layer Type: Polygon
Source: One mile zone from the shoreline determined by "buffering" using the shoreline of
the County Planning Department's "Coastline" shapefile.
Attributes: FID Internal software number
ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
Buff -Dist One -mile priority area
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the
Department of Environmental Management.
Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be
tracked in the following table.
Update vs. Amendment I DateDescri tion of Modification
Created Aril 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to coordinate streetscape and other
17
landscaping planning as well as serve as a tool for capital improvements
programming. This layer is intended to be specific to Kona.
Name: Wastewater Re -use Area
Type: Polygon
a: Polygon created by "tracing" the Mid -Level Road (Proposed Roads layer), Palani
street centerline layer), and parcel layer boundaries.
FID Internal software number
ID Are Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications
after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the
following table.
I I Update vs. Amendment I Date I Description of Modification I
Ki:
This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer
is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
Name: WWTP
Type: Point
County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Maps
FID Internal software number
ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use)
Treatment Level Advanced Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Type Lagoon, Mechanical
Effluent Disposal Outfall, Injection Wells, Reuse
Design Capacity in mgd
Status Existing -A (adequate capacity), Existing -B (need
expansion or replacement in next 10 yrs), Proposed -A
location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity)
ig
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with Department
of Environmental Management. Modifications after the
adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following
table.
Update vs. Amendment I Date Description of Modification
Created April 2008
Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services
Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose
of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer
is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database.
File Name: Solid Waste
Layer Type: Point
Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Maps .
Attributes: FID Internal software number
Facility—Nam Name of the facility
District Judicial district
TMK Tax Map Key Location
Comments: Miscellaneous Comments
Parcel Siz Parcel Size in acres
No of Chu Number of chutes
Distance_T Distance to landfill
Type Landfill, Transfer Station, Composting Facility, Sort
Station
Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B
location in vicinity)
Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with Department
of Environmental Management. Modifications after the
adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following
table.
Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification
Created April 2008
19
Village Design Guidelines
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iK4W ... ...
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Village Design Guidelines
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iK4W ... ...
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Village Design Guidelines
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ATTACHMENT B
VILLAGE DESIGN GUIDELINES
ARTICLE 1. GENERAL..............................................................................................................2
1.1. AUTHORITY....................................................................................................................2
1.2. INTERPRETATION.........................................................................................................2
1.3. INTENT...........................................................................................................................2
1.4. WARRANTS AND VARIANCES......................................................................................4
ARTICLE2. PROCESS..............................................................................................................4
2.1. APPLICABILITY..............................................................................................................4
2.2. ORGANIZATION OF THE CODE....................................................................................5
ARTICLE 3. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS -NEW VILLAGES.......................................................9
3.1. INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................................9
3.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES.................................................................................................10
3.3. TRANSECT ZONES......................................................................................................11
3.4. CIVIC ZONES...............................................................................................................11
3.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS...................................................................................................12
3.6. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR STANDARDS..........................................................12
3.7. DENSITY CALCULATIONS..........................................................................................14
3.8. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.........................................................15
ARTICLE 4. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS-- INFILL.....................................................................17
4.1. MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................17
4.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES.................................................................................................17
4.3. TRANSECT ZONES......................................................................................................17
4.4. CIVIC ZONES...............................................................................................................18
4.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS...................................................................................................18
4.6. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.........................................................18
4.7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDEVELOPMENT PLANS (PRE-
EXISTINGCONDITIONS)......................................................................................................19
ARTICLE 5. BUILDING SCALE PLANS..................................................................................20
5.1. INSTRUCTIONS...........................................................................................................20
5.2. BUILDING DISPOSITION.............................................................................................21
5.3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION......................................................................................21
5.4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION......................................................................................22
5.5. BUILDING FUNCTION..................................................................................................23
5.6. PARKING AND DENSITY CALCULATIONS.................................................................24
5.7. PARKING LOCATION STANDARDS............................................................................25
5.8. LANDSCAPE STANDARDS..........................................................................................26
ARTICLE 6. STANDARDS AND TABLES...............................................................................26
ARTICLE7. DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................27
GENERAL
1.1. AUTHORITY
1.1.1. These guidelines were adopted as one of the instruments of implementation of the
Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP) to provide standards of development
for Traditional Neighborhood Design (TND) and Transit -Oriented Design (TOD)
villages. This is a form -based code, meaning it envisions and encourages a
certain physical outcome at the community, BLOCK, or building level. This form is
compact, walkable, and mixed-use, and is meant to be comfortable, safe, and
ecologically sustainable.
1.1.2. The basis of these guidelines is the SmartCode version 9.0 published by the New
Urban Publications Inc. It has been 'calibrated" to fit with the Kona CDP. The
SmartCode embodies the state of knowledge of regulating design to result in
compact walkable villages, and the intent is to take advantage of the collective
knowledge of other jurisdictions who use the SmartCode as well as future updates
by the authors of the SmartCode.
1.1.3. The Planning Director may amend these guidelines with approval by the Kona
Implementation Committee to improve calibration of these guidelines to the local
conditions and update with advances in the state of knowledge.
1.2. INTERPRETATION
1.2.1. Provisions of this Code are activated by "shall" when required; "should" when
recommended; and "may" when optional.
1.2.2. Capitalized and underline terms used throughout this Code are defined in Article 7
Definitions of Terms. Those terms not defined in Article 7 shall be accorded their
commonly accepted meanings.
1.3. INTENT
The intent and purpose of these guidelines are to enable, encourage, and qualify the
implementation of the following policies:
1.3.1. THE REGION
a. That the region retain its natural and visual character derived from topography,
coastlines, and other natural features.
b. That growth strategies encourage infill and redevelopment in parity, with new
communities.
c. That development contiguous to urban areas be structured in the pattern of
infill TND and be integrated with the existing urban pattern.
d. That development non-contiguous to urban areas be organized in the pattern
of TND or RCD.
e. That AFFORDABLE HOUSING should be distributed throughout the region to
match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty.
2
f. That transportation corridors be planned and reserved in coordination with
land use.
g. That green corridors be used to define and connect the urbanized areas.
h. That the region include a framework of transit, pedestrian, and bicycle
systems that provide alternatives to the automobile.
1.3.2. THE VILLAGE
a. That Villages and REGIONAL CENTERS be compact, pedestrian -oriented
and MIXED USE.
b. That ordinary activities of daily living occur within walking distance of most
dwellings, allowing independence to those who do not drive.
c. That interconnected networks of transportation corridors be designed to
disperse traffic and reduce the length of automobile trips.
d. That within neighborhoods, a range of housing types and price levels be
provided to accommodate diverse ages and incomes.
e. That appropriate building DENSITIES and land uses be provided within
walking distance of transit stops.
f. That CIVIC, institutional, and COMMERCIAL activity impart a focused town
center and gathering place.
g. That schools could be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle
to them.
h. That a range of OPEN SPACE including parks, squares, and playgrounds
should be distributed within neighborhoods and villages.
i. That the growth of the village stays within a defined edge and thereby helps to
establish a compact sense of place.
1.3.3. THE BLOCK AND THE BUILDING
a. That buildings and landscaping contribute to the physical definition of
transportation corridors as CIVIC places.
b. That development adequately accommodate automobiles while respecting the
pedestrian and the spatial form of public areas.
c. That the design of streets and buildings reinforce safe environments, but not
at the expense of accessibility.
d. That architecture and landscape design grow from local climate, topography,
building practice and fit with Kona's history and lifestyle.
e. That buildings provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of geography and
climate through energy efficient methods.
f. That CIVIC BUILDINGS and public gathering places be provided as locations
that reinforce community identity and support self-government.
g. That CIVIC BUILDINGS be distinctive and appropriate to a role more
important than the other buildings that constitute the fabric of the village.
h. That the preservation and renewal of historic buildings be facilitated, to affirm
the continuity and evolution of society.
i. That the harmonious and orderly evolution of urban areas should be secured
through form -based guidelines or codes.
1.4. WARRANTS AND VARIANCES
1.4.1. There shall be two types of deviation from the requirements of these guidelines:
Warrants and Variances. Whether a deviation requires a WARRANT or
VARIANCE shall be determined by the Planning Director.
1.4.2. A WARRANT is a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent, with a
specific provision of these guidelines but is justified by the provisions of Section
1.3 Intent. The Planning Director shall have the authority to approve or disapprove
administratively a request for a WARRANT.
1.4.3. A VARIANCE is any ruling on a deviation other than a WARRANT. VARIANCES
shall be granted only in accordance with the procedures for zoning code
variances.
1.4.4. The request for a VARIANCE shall not subject the entire application to public
notice, but only that portion necessary to rule on the specific issue requiring the
relief.
1.4.5. The following standards and requirements shall not be available for WARRANTS
or VARIANCES because they tend to seriously subvert the desired outcome of
compact, walkable and diverse communities:
a. The maximum dimensions of traffic lanes. (See Table 2A.)
b. The required provision of REAR ALLEYS and REAR LANES.
c. The minimum BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES. (See Table 11b.)
d. The permission to build ACCESSORY BUILDINGS.
e. The minimum requirements for parking. (See Table 7.)
2. PROCESS
2.1. APPLICABILITY
2.1.1. Types of Applications. These guidelines apply to two levels of scale: a village
plan for a Project District rezoning application for the entire TNDTrOD meeting the
requirements of Article 3; and a site plan for a subdivision or building permit
approval within an approved TND/TOD meeting the requirements of Article 5 and
Hawaii County Code section 25-6-46 (review and approval of Project District site
plans).
2.1.2. Pre -Application. An applicant may discuss informally the intent of the proposed
plan with the Design Center. No fees shall be collected for Pre -Application
Conference, its purpose being to familiarize the Planning Department with the
proposed Plan and the applicant with the development procedures in the KCDP
planning area. The applicant should share sketch plans and data showing existing
site conditions and the proposed layout and development of the plan. The purpose
and intent of the Pre -Application Conference allows both parties to identify
potential challenges, opportunities and items that need to be addressed.
2.1.3. Charette. Where desired or required to have multi -disciplinary input from various
agencies and/or the public to formulate the community or building scale site plan,
the Design Center may assist the applicant to organize this meeting(s).
2.2. ORGANIZATION OF THE CODE
2.2.1. Determine Scale of the Plan. For an applicant preparing a rezoning application for
a Project District, go to Article 3 for guidelines to prepare a village scale plan. For
an applicant desiring to build within an approved TOD or TND Project District, go
to Article 5 to prepare a building scale plan to submit for subdivision or site plan
approval.
2.2.2.• Steps to Prepare a Village Scale Plan. The village scale plan is adopted by
ordinance as part of the Project District rezoning, and thereby becomes a
Regulating Plan. The Planning Director may administratively approve minor
adjustments to the plan. Major changes must be adopted legislatively as an
amendment to the rezoning ordinance.
a. Determine the VILLAGE UNIT Types. There are two village unit types: a TND
and a RCD. Either type may qualify as a TOD. A TOD has a transit station at
its center and allows for a higher density. The Kona CDP Land Use Map
determines the VILLAGE UNIT type as follows:
i. Intended Growth Areas. Future growth is directed to the TOD villages
along the main and secondary transit routes. The Land Use Map
identifies TODs that are intended as neighborhood villages (TND/TOD)
and regional centers (RCD/TOD). For guidelines relating to the TODs, go
to Article 3.
ii. Infill Growth Areas. Most of the TODs are New Communities. However,
the Land Use Map also identifies existing communities intended to be
redeveloped—the Kailua Village Redevelopment TOD and the Rural
Towns TODs. Additionally, smaller projects adjacent to existing
development are encouraged—these types of New Communities are
called Infill TNDs. For guidelines relating to INFILL Redevelopment or
Infill New Communities, go to Article 4.
iii. Controlled Growth Areas. Areas outside of the TODs identified on the
Land Use Map but within the designated Urban Area may also be
developed as TNDs. If this area is already urban -zoned (RS, RM, RD,
CG, CV, CN, MCX), the applicant follows the PUD procedure to have the
village scale plan approved. If the area requires rezoning, then the
applicant follows the procedures for a Project District rezoning as set forth
in the Kona CDP. If the project qualifies as an INFILL TND, then go to
Article 4; otherwise, go to Article 3.
iv. Open Areas. Village scale plans should identify open spaces when
applicable. There are two types of open spaces:
1) Preserved Open Space. The Preserved Open Space consists of the
Sensitive Resources identified on the Environmental Resources Map
that are to be protected from development in perpetuity.
2) Reserved Open Space. The Reserved Open Space consists of the
Greenbelt area surrounding TODs and TNDs established by
transferring density (TDR).
b. Allocate Transect Zones. TRANSECT ZONES (T -ZONES) organize the
density, complexity, and intensity of the land use within the TND or RCD
village. The operating principle is that there is an urban core with a main
center focus such as a transit station and plaza. This urban core area, which
is spatially defined based on walkable distances called PEDESTRIAN
SHEDS, has the highest density, complexity, and intensity of uses. The land
uses transition to less dense uses moving away from the center. Table 1
describes the TRANSECT ZONES. The TRANSECT ZONES that correspond
to the urban core, secondary area, and greenbelt referred to in the Kona CDP
are as follows:
i. Urban Core
1) T-5 Urban Center
2) T-4 General Urban
ii. Secondary Area: T-3 Suburban
iii. Greenbelt: GB Greenbelt
2.2.3. Steps to Prepare a Building Scale Plan. An applicant would submit a preliminary
plan, have that reviewed, then a final plan. The final plan would add landscaping
details.
a. Determine the Building Disposition (i.e., lot configuration and building
placement relative to setbacks). Note that setbacks (Table 11g and Table
11 h) are provided as ranges. They thus act as build -to lines, but with a degree
of flexibility. In general, they become shallower as the TRANSECT ZONES
become more urban. A zero lot line streetwall is often desirable in the most
urban conditions, because it strongly defines the street space. However, these
guidelines specify a 6 -foot minimum front setback in T4 so that private
frontage can accommodate stoops, porches, private planters and gardens,
sidewalk signs, outdoor seating, cafe tables, and other ENCROACHMENTS.
The side setbacks in T4 and T5 are zero minimum to allow ROWHOUSES
and -TOWNHOUSES.
b. Determine the Building CONFIGURATION (i.e., building form). The form of a
building is determined by its height and type of PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The
PRIVATE FRONTAGE occupies the front setback area or encroaches into the
SIDEWALK area within the right-of-way. The range of depth of a LOT within
which certain elements are permitted is called a LAYER (see Table 14). The
design principle is to bring the buildings closer to the streets to create an
inviting streetscape and put "eyes on the streets" to create a safer ambience.
The maximum height of buildings should be proportional to the street width to
avoid an enclosed 'canyon" effect.
c. Determine the Building Function. The permitted uses are flexible to
encourage a mixing of uses horizontally (among buildings, lots, BLOCKS and
vertically (within buildings). The range of uses become increasingly flexible
from the T-3 to the T-5 Zones. The uses are grouped into the following
categories: RESIDENTIAL, LODGING, OFFICE, RETAIL, CIVIC, and Other.
The Other category includes certain types of uses that are discouraged within
the TNDs or RCDs, such as automobile -dependent uses (e.g., automobile
service, drive-through facilities, shopping centers), industrial uses, and
agricultural uses.
d. Calculate the Parking Requirements and Density Rights. The Buildable
DENSITY is determined by the actual parking requirements. The parking
requirements are determined by the Building FUNCTIONS and allows for
shared parking among mixed Building FUNCTIONS. The provision for T5 that
retail spaces under 1500 square feet are exempt from parking requirements is
included as it encourages the kind of smaller independent shops that
contribute to urban vitality. It also helps keep existing small -lot Main Street
downtowns legal for rebuilding without the need for conjoining lots. And it
maintains commercial sidewalks free of curb cuts for off-street parking. Once
the parking requirements are calculated, then the density by Building
FUNCTION can be determined. The EFFECTIVE PARKING may be
increased in TODs to effectively increase the permitted density.
ACCESSORY UNITS are not included in the density calculation to encourage
this residential use.
e. Develop the Landscaping Plan. The landscaping standards regulate the
extent of paving, lawns, and trees. Note the requirement that in T4, trees in
the private frontage are required to match trees in the public frontage (see
Table 4 PUBLIC FRONTAGESI. While this may seem like an unnecessary
effort to control private choice, consider that trees in the private frontage are
actually a major part of the viewshed of the public frontage, and contribute to
the shade of the public realm. Many trees in older neighborhoods that
contribute to their distinctive character are actually growing on the private
frontage. While it may seem odd that lawn is permitted BY RIGHT in T4 but
not in T3 where lawns have reigned in the past, the rationale is that a lawn is
not a natural type of planting, and is not considered environmentally
sustainable in large areas. (It requires fertilizers that run off into streams or the
aquifer.) Therefore it is allowed in the more urban (less natural) Transect Zone
where lots are smaller and yards more intensely used, which is where lawn
outperforms other species.
GROWTH POLICY I
Articles 3 8, 4: CommunityIs Plans
Article 5: Building Scale
Plans
COMMUNITY TYPE TRANSECT ZONES STANDARDS
OPEN SPACE Open Space, Preserved Sensitve Resources GB- Greenbelt
Building Disposition
Building Configuration
Building Function
Parking Standards
Architectural Standards
Environmental Standards
Landscape Standards
Open Space, Reserved Greenbelt
NEW COMMUNITIES
Article 3)
TOO
TND- Neighborhood
Village T3- Suburban Zone
T4- General Urban
Zone
T5- Urban Center Zone
RCD- Regional Center ' T3- Suburban Zone
T4- General Urban
Zone
T5- Urban Center Zone
Outside TOD
TND- Neighborhood
Village T3- Suburban Zone
T4- General Urban
Zone
T5- Urban Center Zone
EXISTING
COMMUNITIES
Article 4)
TOD-
Redevelopment RCD- Regional Center
T4- General Urban
Zone
T5- Urban Center Zone
TND -Infill
TND- Neighborhood
Village - T3- Suburban Zone
T4- General Urban
Zone
T5- Urban Center Zone
ARTICLE 3. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS—NEW VILLAGES
3.1. INSTRUCTIONS
3.1.1. Structure the site using one or several PEDESTRIAN SHEDS, which should be
located according to existing conditions, such as traffic intersections, adjacent
developments, and natural features. The site or any New VILLAGE UNITND,
RCD/TOD) within it may be smaller or larger than its PEDESTRIAN SHED.
Note: In Section 3, New Communities refer to stand-alone development, as
compared to "Infill" connected to existing development, so no, don't replace with
Villages.
3.1.2. Adjust the PEDESTRIAN SHEDS as necessary to include land falling between or
outside them, but the extent of each shall not exceed the acreage limit specified in
Section 3.3 for the applicable Village Unit type. An ADJUSTED PEDESTRIAN
SHED becomes the boundary of a VILLAGE UNIT.
3.1.3. Allocate the areas of TRANSECT ZONES (T -Zones) (Section 3.4) within the
boundaries of each VILLAGE UNIT as appropriate to its type. TND may vary in
size. If the site is larger than a STANDARD PEDESTRIAN SHED, one TND may
be adjoined by another. RCD may also vary greatly in size. This provision gives
the planner leeway to structure any site up to 640 acres as either one large RCD
or as a smaller RCD adjoined by one or more TNDs. Even though the entire
planning area would be within the LONG PEDESTRIAN SHED of the transit stop,
the market would dictate whether TND, with its lower density and T-3 housing
types, would be more suitable to fill out the parcel than the higher density T -zones
of the RCD pattern. See Sections 3.3 and 3.4 and Table 11 a.
tk
3.1.4. Assign CIVIC ZONES shall according to Section 3.5.
3.1.5. Assign SPECIAL DISTRICTS, if any, according to Section 3.6.
3.1.6. Layout the THOROUGHFARE network according to Section 3.7.
3.1.7. Calculate DENSITY and determine the greenbelt area according to Section 3.8.
3.1.8. Remnants of the site outside the ADJUSTED PEDESTRIAN SHED(s) shall be
assigned to TRANSECT ZONES or CIVIC SPACE by WARRANT or SPECIAL
DISTRICT by VARIANCE.
3.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES
3.2.1. TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND)
a. A TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND) shall be
permitted within the TOD neighborhood, existing urban zoned areas, infill
areas, or other remaining areas within the Urban Area.
b. A TND shall be structured by one Standard or LINEAR PEDESTRIAN SHED
and shall be no fewer than 80 acres and no more than 160 acres.
c. A TND shall include TRANSECT ZONES as allocated on Table 11a.
d. Larger sites shall be designed and developed as multiple Communities, each
subject to the individual TRANSECT ZONE requirements for its type as
allocated on Table 11a. The simultaneous planning of adjacent parcels is
encouraged.
e. In the T-4 General Urban Zone, a minimum Residential mix of three Building
Disposition types (none less than 20%) shall be required, selected from Table
6.
3.2.2. REGIONAL CENTER DEVELOPMENT (RCD)
a. A REGIONAL CENTER DEVELOPMENT (RCD) shall be permitted within the
TOD regional center.
b.- An RCD shall be structured by one LONG PEDESTRIAN SHED or LINEAR
PEDESTRIAN SHED and shall consist of no fewer than 80 acres and no more
than 640 acres.
c. An RCD shall include TRANSECT ZONES as allocated on Table 11a.
d. For larger sites, an RCD may be adjoined without buffer by one or more
TNDs, each subject to the individual TRANSECT ZONE requirements for TND
as allocated on Table 11 a. The simultaneous planning of adjacent parcels is
encouraged. .
3.2.3. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
a. Any TND or RCD designated as TOD are permitted the higher DENSITY
represented by the EFFECTIVE PARKING allowance in Section 5.9.2d.
10
3.3. TRANSECT ZONES
3.3.1. TRANSECT ZONES shall be assigned and mapped on each New Village Plan
according to the percentages allocated on Tables 2 and 14a.
3.3.2. A Transect Zone may include any of the elements indicated for its T -zone number
throughout this Code, in accordance with Intent described in Table 1 and the
metric standards summarized in Table 11.
3.4. CIVIC ZONES
3.4.1. GENERAL
a. CIVIC ZONES dedicated for public use shall be required for each VILLAGE
UNIT and designated on the New Village Plan as CIVIC SPACE (CS) and
CIVIC BUILDING (CB).
b. CIVIC SPACE Zones are public sites permanently dedicated to Open Space.
c. CIVIC BUILDING Zones are sites dedicated for buildings generally operated
by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to culture, education, religion,
government, transit and municipal parking, or for a use approved by the
Legislative body.
d. A CIVIC ZONE may be permitted by WARRANT if it does not occupy more
than 20% of a PEDESTRIAN SHED, otherwise it is subject to the creation of a
SPECIAL DISTRICT. See Section 3.6.
e. Parking for CIVIC ZONES shall be determined by WARRANT. CIVIC parking
lots may remain unpaved if graded, compacted and landscaped.
3.4.2. CIVIC SPACE (CS)
a. Each PEDESTRIAN SHED shall assign at least 5% of its URBANIZED area to
CIVIC SPACE.
b. CIVIC SPACES shall be designed as generally described in Table 10,
approved by WARRANT, and distributed throughout TRANSECT ZONES as
described in Table 11e.
c. Those portions of the GB Greenbelt that occur within a development parcel
shall be part of the CIVIC SPACE allocation and should conform to the CIVIC
SPACE types specified in Table 10a or 13b.
d. Each PEDESTRIAN SHED shall contain at least one MAIN CIVIC SPACE.
The MAIN CIVIC SPACE shall be within 800 feet of the geographic center of
each PEDESTRIAN SHED, unless topographic conditions, pre-existing
THOROUGHFARE alignments or other circumstances prevent such location.
A MAIN CIVIC SPACE shall conform to one of the types specified in Table
10b, 13c, or 13d.
e. Within 800 feet of every LOT in RESIDENTIAL use, a CIVIC SPACE designed
and equipped as a playground shall be provided. A playground shall conform
to Table 10e.
f. Each CIVIC SPACE shall have a minimum of 50% of its perimeter enfronting a
THOROUGHFARE, except for playgrounds.
g. CIVIC SPACES may be permitted within SPECIAL DISTRICTS by
WARRANT.
h. Parks maybe permitted in TRANSECT ZONES T4 and T5 by WARRANT.
3.4.3. CIVIC BUILDINGS (CB)
a. The owner shall covenant to construct a MEETING HALL or a Third Place in
proximity to the MAIN CIVIC SPACE of each PEDESTRIAN SHED. Its
corresponding PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall be equipped with a shelter and
bench for a transit stop.
b. One CIVIC BUILDING LOT shall be reserved for an elementary school. Its
area shall be one (1) acre for each increment of 100 dwelling units provided by
the Village.
c. Plan, with a minimum of three (3) acres. The school site may be within any
TRANSECT ZONE. Any playing fields should be outside the PEDESTRIAN
SHED.
d. One CIVIC BUILDING LOT suitable for a childcare building shall be reserved
within each Pedestrian Shed. The owner or a homeowners' association or
other community council may organize, fund and construct an appropriate
building as the need arises.
e. CIVIC BUILDING sites shall not occupy more than 20% of the area of each
PEDESTRIAN SHED.
f. CIVIC BUILDING sites should be located within or adjacent to a CIVIC
SPACE, or at the axial termination of a significant Thoroughfare.
g. CIVIC BUILDINGS shall not be subject to the standards of Article 5. The
particulars of their design shall be determined by WARRANT.
h. CIVIC BUILDINGS may be permitted within SPECIAL DISTRICTS by
WARRANT.
3.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS
3.5.1. SPECIAL DISTRICT designations shall be assigned to areas that, by their intrinsic
size, FUNCTION, or CONFIGURATION, cannot conform to the requirements of
any TRANSECT ZONE or combination of zones. Conditions of development for
SPECIAL DISTRICTS shall be determined in public hearing of the Legislative
Body and recorded on Table 13.
3.6. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR STANDARDS
3.6.1. GENERAL
a. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS are intended for use by vehicular and
pedestrian traffic and to provide access to LOTS and OPEN SPACES.
b. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall generally consist of vehicular lanes
and PUBLIC FRONTAGES.
c. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall be designed in context with the
urban form and desired design speed of the TRANSECT ZONES through
which they pass. The PUBLIC FRONTAGES of TRANSPORTATION
CORRIDORS that pass from one TRANSECT ZONE to another shall be
12
adjusted accordingly or, alternatively, the TRANSECT ZONE may follow the
alignment of the THOROUGHFARE to the depth of one LOT, retaining a
single PUBLIC FRONTAGE throughout its trajectory.
d. Within the more urban TRANSECT ZONES (T3 through T5) pedestrian
comfort shall be a primary consideration of the THOROUGHFARE. Design
conflict between vehicular and pedestrian movement generally shall be
decided in favor of the pedestrian.
e. The THOROUGHFARE network shall be designed to define BLOCKS not
exceeding the size prescribed in Table 11c. The perimeter shall be measured
as the sum of LOT FRONTAGE LINES. BLOCK perimeter at the edge of the
development parcel shall be subject to approval by WARRANT.
f. All TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall terminate at other
TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS, forming a network. Internal
TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall connect wherever possible to those
on adjacent sites. Cul-de-sacs shall be subject to approval by WARRANT to
accommodate specific site conditions only.
g. Each LOT shall ENFRONT a vehicular THOROUGHFARE, except that 20% of
the LOTS within each TRANSECT ZONE may ENFRONT a PASSAGE.
h. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS along a designated B -GRID may be
exempted by WARRANT from one or more of the specified PUBLIC
FRONTAGE or PRIVATE FRONTAGE requirements. See Table 4
i. Standards for PATHS and BICYCLE TRAILS shall be approved by
WARRANT.
j. The standards for TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS within SPECIAL
DISTRICTS shall be determined by VARIANCE.
3.6.2. VEHICULAR LANES
a. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS may include vehicular lanes in a variety of
widths for parked and for moving vehicles, including bicycles. The standards
for vehicular lanes shall be as shown in Table 2A.
b. A bicycle network consisting of BICYCLE TRAILS, BICYCLE ROUTES and
BICYCLE LANES should be provided throughout as defined in Article 7
Definitions of Terms and allocated as specified in Table 11d. BICYCLE
ROUTES should be marked with Sharrows. The village bicycle network shall
be connected to existing or proposed regional networks wherever possible.
3.6.3. PUBLIC FRONTAGES
a. GENERAL TO ALL ZONES
i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE contributes to the character of the TRANSECT
ZONE, and includes the types of SIDEWALK, CURB, planter, bicycle
facility, and street trees.
ii. PUBLIC FRONTAGES shall be designed as shown in Table 3A and Table
3B and allocated within TRANSECT ZONES as specified in Table 11d.
b. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T3
i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees of various species,
naturalistically clustered, as well as understory.
13
ii. The introduced landscape shall consist primarily of native species
requiring minimal irrigation, fertilization and maintenance. Lawn shall be
permitted only by WARRANT.
c. C. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T4, T5
i. The introduced landscape shall consist primarily of durable species
tolerant of soil compaction.
d. SPECIFIC TO ZONE T4
i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees planted in a regularly -space
ALLEE oattem of single or alternated species with shade canopies of a
height that, at maturity, clears at least one STORY.
e. SPECIFIC TO ZONE T5
i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees planted in a regularly -space
ALLEE pattern of single species with shade canopies of a heightlthat, at
maturity, clears at least one STORY. At RETAIL FRONTAGES, the
spacing of the trees may be irregular, to avoid visually obscuring the
shopfronts.
ii. Streets with a Right -of -Way width of 40 feet or less shall be exempt from
the tree requirement.
3.7. DENSITY CALCULATIONS
3.7.1. This section operates by referencing Table 11 a and Table 11 b (Summay Table),
and Table 7 and Table 8 (Building FUNCTION and Parking Calculations)! The
code requires a minimum amount of dwelling units to be exchanged for other
FUNCTIONS LODGING, OFFICE, or RETAIL. The exchange is subject
approval as a WARRANT, and cannot exceed in any event 50% of the total
number of dwelling units permitted for the applicable TRANSECT ZONE The
density calculations, which are inherently complex, operate at the village scale,
while a further determination of local density occurs at the building scale These
calculations allow adjustment according to the site and market conditions. The
sequence of calculations is as follows: I
a. In the process of preparing the Village Plan, allocate an area of land ito each
TRANSECT ZONE as permitted by Table 11 a. The table shows a range of
ratios for each VILLAGE UNIT type that, once the plan is complete, become
fixed allocations appearing on the permitting documents, both graphically on
the plan and also listed as the number of acres of each TRANSECT ZONE.
b. Using the acreage of these TRANSECT ZONES, including the .
TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS but not the CIVIC ZONES, calculate from
Table 11 b the BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY. Note that the "BY RIGHT"
density is much lower than the "By TDR" density. This encourages the
TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS from lands that should remain
open, in order to achieve the higher allowable density.
c. Establish the requisite degree of mixed use by translating a ratio of the overall
BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY to "Other FUNCTIONS" as specified on Table
11 b and Section 3.8.5. These densities become part of the permit, appearing
as fixed numbers and allocated by TRANSECT ZONES on the Village Plan.
14
d. When the lots and buildings are subsequently being designed according to
Article 5, the localized density is determined. See Section 5.9 DENSITY and
Parking Calculations.
3.7.2.
1
All areas of the New Village Plan site that are not part of the T-1 Preserved Sector
shall be considered cumulatively the NET SITE AREA. The NET SITE AREA shall
be allocated to the various TRANSECT ZONES according to the parameters
specified in Table 11 a.
3.7.3. DENSITY shall be expressed in terms of housing units per acre as specified for
the area of each TRANSECT ZONE by Table 11 b. For purposes of DENSITY
calculation, the TRANSECT ZONES include the TRANSPORTATION
CORRIDORS but not land assigned to CIVIC ZONES (CS and CB). Twenty
percent (20%) shall be in the AFFORDABLE HOUSING range.
3.7.4. The BASE DENSITY of the VILLAGE UNIT maybe increased by the TRANSFER
OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS (TDR) up to the amount specified for each Zone by
Table 11 b. An increase in housing units by TDR shall be factored in when
meeting the AFFORDABLE HOUSING requirements.
3.7.5. Within the percentage range shown on Table 11b for Other FUNCTIONS, the
housing units specified on Table 11 b shall be exchanged at the following rates:
a. For LODGING: 2 bedrooms for each unit of NET SITE AREA DENSITY.
b. For OFFICE or RETAIL: 1000 square feet for each unit of NET SITE AREA
DENSITY.
3.7.6. The number of units exchanged shall be subject to approval by WARRANT.
3.7.7. The housing and other FUNCTIONS for each TRANSECT ZONE shall be subject
to further adjustment at the building scale as limited by Table 7, Table 8 and
Section 5.9.
3.8. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
3.8.1. New and Redevelopment Village Plans shall include a REGULATING PLAN
consisting of one or more maps showing the following for each VILLAGE UNIT in .
the plan area, in compliance with the standards described in this Article:
a. TRANSECT ZONES
B. CIVIC ZONES
c. THOROUGHFARE network
d. SPECIAL DISTRICTS, if any
e. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS if any
f. Numbers of WARRANTS or VARIANCES, if any.
3.8.2. A New or Community Village Plan may designate any of the following SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS:
15
a
C.
63
a
Irk
A differentiation of the TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS as A -GRID and 13 -
GRID. Buildings along the A -GRID shall be held to the highest standard of this
Code in support of pedestrian activity. Buildings along the B -GRID may be
more readily considered for WARRANTS allowing automobile -oriented
standards. The FRONTAGES assigned to the B -GRID shall not exceed 30%
of the total length of FRONTAGES within a PEDESTRIAN SHED.
Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended RETAIL FRONTAGE
requiring or advising that a building provide a SHOPFRONT at SIDEWALK
level along the entire length of its PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The SHOPFRONT
shall be no less than 70% glazed in clear glass and shaded by an awning
overlapping the SIDEWALK as generally illustrated in Table 4 and specified in
Article 5. The first floor shall be confined to RETAIL use through the depth of
the second LAYER. (Table 14d)
Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended GALLERY FRONTAGE,
requiring or advising that a building provide a permanent cover over the
SIDEWALK, either cantilevered or supported by columns. The GALLERY
FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE
designation.
Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended ARCADE FRONTAGE,
requiring or advising that a building overlap the SIDEWALK such that the first
floor FACADE is a colonnade. The ARCADE FRONTAGE designation may be
combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation. I
A designation for Coordinated FRONTAGE, requiring that the PUBLIC
FRONTAGE (Table 3A) and PRIVATE FRONTAGE (Table 4) be cooidinated
as a single, coherent landscape and paving design.
Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended Terminated Vista locations
requiring or advising that the building be provided with architectural articulatior
of a type and character that responds visually to the location, as approved by
the Design Center.
A designation for Cross BLOCK Passages, requiring that a minimum!8-foot-
wide pedestrian access be reserved between buildings.
A designation for Buildings of Value; requiring that such buildings and
structures may be altered or demolished only in accordance with Municipal
Preservation Standards and Protocols. i
16
plan.
ARTICLE 4. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS-- INFILL
4.1. MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENTS
4.1.1. The owner of a parcel, or abutting parcels, consisting of 20 acres or more of
contiguous lots abutting existing development within the Urban Area as approved
by the Design Center shall prepare a village plan to regulate, at minimum, an area
the size of the Pedestrian Shed commensurate with its Village Unit type as listed
in Section 4.2, even if it overlaps adjacent parcels. Both the site and plan area
should connect and blend with surrounding urbanism.
4.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES
4.2.1. Infill Regulating Plans shall encompass the Village Unit types below. The
allocation percentages of Table 11 a do not apply.
a. TND. An INFILL TND should be assigned to neighborhood areas that are
predominantly residential with one or more MIXED USE CORRIDORS or
centers. An INFILL TND shall be mapped as at least one complete Standard
Pedestrian Shed, which may be adjusted as a NETWORK PEDESTRIAN
SHED, oriented around one or more existing or planned Common
Destinations. The edges of an INFILL TND should blend into adjacent
neighborhoods and/or a downtown without buffers.
b. RCD. The INFILL RCDs consist of the Redevelopment areas identified on the
Land Use Map—Kailua Village TOD and the Rural Towns TODs. These areas
include significant OFFICE and RETAIL uses as well as government and other
CIVIC institutions of regional importance. These INFILL RCD may be mapped
as at least one complete LONG or LINEAR PEDESTRIAN SHED, which may
be adjusted as a NETWORK PEDESTRIAN SHED, oriented around an
important MIXED USE CORRIDOR or center. The edges of these INFILL
RCDs should blend into adjacent neighborhoods without buffers. As TODs,
the higher DENSITY represented by the EFFECTIVE PARKING allowance in
Section 5.9.2d apply.
4.3. TRANSECT ZONES
4.3.1. TRANSECT ZONE standards for INFILL REGULATING PLANS should be
calibrated by means of a survey of exemplary existing and intended conditions, as
identified in a process of public consultation and subject to the approval of the
Design Center. Metrics shall be recorded on Table 11 and Tables 12A -C.
4.3.2. A TRANSECT ZONE shall include elements indicated by Article 3, Article 5, and
Article 6.
17
4.4. CIVIC ZONES
4.4.1. GENERAL
a. Infill Plans should designate CIVIC SPACE Zones (CS) and CIVIC BUILDING
Zones (CB).
b. A CIVIC ZONE may be permitted by WARRANT if it does not occupy more
than 20% of a PEDESTRIAN SHED, otherwise it is subject to the creation of a
SPECIAL DISTRICT. See Section 4.5.
c. Parking provisions for CIVIC ZONES shall be determined by WARRANT.
4.4.2. CIVIC SPACE ZONES (CS)
a. CIVIC SPACES shall be generally designed as described in Table 10; their
type determined by the surrounding or adjacent TRANSECT ZONE in a
process of public consultation subject to the approval of the Design Center.
4.4.3. CIVIC BUILDING ZONES (CB)
a. CIVIC BUILDINGS shall be permitted by WARRANT in any TRANSECT
ZONE.
b. CIVIC BUILDINGS shall not be subject to the Requirements of Article,5. The
particulars of their design shall be determined by WARRANT.
4.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS
4.5.1. Areas that, by their intrinsic size, FUNCTION, or CONFIGURATION, cannot
conform to the requirements of any TRANSECT ZONE or combination of'zones
shall be designated as SPECIAL DISTRICTS by the Planning Director in the
process of preparing an Infill Plan. Conditions of development for SPECIAL
DISTRICTS shall be determined by the Design Center and recorded on Table 13.
4.6. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
4.6.1. Infill Regulating Plans shall consist of one or more maps showing the following:
a. The outline(s) of the PEDESTRIAN SHED(s) and the boundaries of the Village
Unit(s)
b. TRANSECT ZONES and any CIVIC ZONES within each PEDESTRIAN
SHED, assigned according to an analysis of existing conditions and future
needs
c. a Thoroughfare network, existing or planned (Table 2A, Table 2B, Table 3A,
and Table 3B)
d. any SPECIAL DISTRICTS (Section 4.5)
e. any Special Requirements (Section 4.7)
f. a record of any WARRANTS or VARIANCES.
4.6.2. An Infill Village Plan may designate any of the following Special Requirements:
a. A differentiation of the transportation corridors as A -GRID and B -GRID.
Buildings along the A -GRID shall be held to the highest standard of this Code
E.
in support of pedestrian activity. Buildings along the B -GRID may be more
readily considered for Warrants allowing automobile -oriented standards. The
FRONTAGES assigned to the B -GRID shall not exceed 30% of the total
length of FRONTAGES within a PEDESTRIAN SHED.
b. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended RETAIL FRONTAGE
requiring or advising that a building provide a SHOPFRONT at SIDEWALK
level along the entire length of its PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The SHOPFRONT
shall be no less than 70% glazed in clear glass and shaded by an awning
overlapping the SIDEWALK as generally illustrated in Table 4 and specified in
Article 5. The first floor shall be confined to Retail use through the depth of the
second LAYER. (Table 14d.)
c. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended GALLERY FRONTAGE,
requiring or advising that a building provide a permanent cover over the
SIDEWALK, either cantilevered or supported by columns. The GALLERY
FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE
designation.
d. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended ARCADE FRONTAGE
requiring or advising that a building overlap the SIDEWALK such that the first
floor Facade is a colonnade. The ARCADE FRONTAGE designation may be
combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation.
e. A designation for Coordinated FRONTAGE, requiring that the PUBLIC
FRONTAGE (Table 3A) and PRIVATE FRONTAGE (Table 4) be coordinated
as a single, coherent landscape and paving design.
f. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended Terminated Vista locations,,
requiring or advising that the building be provided with architectural articulation
of a type and character that responds visually to the location, as approved by
the Design Center.
g. A designation for Cross BLOCK Passages, requiring that a minimum 8 -foot -
wide pedestrian access be reserved between buildings.
h. A designation for Buildings of Value, requiring that such buildings and
structures may be altered or demolished only in accordance with Design
Center approval.
4.7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDEVELOPMENT PLANS (PRE-
EXISTING CONDITIONS)
4.7.1. Existing buildings and appurtenances that do not conform to the provisions ofthis
Code may continue in the same use and form until a Substantial Modification
occurs or is requested, at which time the Design Center shall determine the
provisions of this Section that shall apply.
4.7.2. Existing buildings that have at any time received a certificate of occupancy shall
not require upgrade to the current Building Code and when renovated may meet
the standards of the code under which they were originally permitted (to be
negotiated by the Design Center with the Building Division).
W
4.7.3. The modification of existing buildings is permitted BY RIGHT if such changes
result in greater conformance with the specifications of this Code (to be negotiated
by the Design Center with the Building Division).
I
4.7.4. Where buildings exist on adjacent LOTS, the Design Center may require that a
proposed building match one or the other of the adjacent Setbacks and heights
rather than the provisions of this Code. 1
4.7.5. Any addition to or modification of a Building of Value that has been designated as
such by the Local Preservation Organization or to a building actually or potentially
eligible for inclusion on a state, local or national historic register, shall be 'subject to
approval by the Local,Preservation Organization.
4.7.6. The restoration or rehabilitation of an existing building shall not require the
provision of (a) parking in addition to that existing or (b) on-site stormwater
retention/detention in addition to that existing. Existing parking requirements that
exceed those for this Code may be reduced as provided by Tables 10 and 11.
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5. BUILDING SCALE PLANS
5.1. INSTRUCTIONS
5.1.1. LOTS and buildings located within a New, Redevelopment, or Infill Village Plan
governed by this Code and previously approved shall be subject to the
requirements of this Article.
5.1.2. Building and site plans submitted under this Article shall show the following, in
compliance with the standards described in this Article:
a. For preliminary site and building approval:
20
Building Disposition
Building CONFIGURATION
Building FUNCTION
Parking Location Standards
b. For final approval, in addition to the above:
Landscape Standards
Signage Standards
Special Requirements, if any
5.1.3. SPECIAL DISTRICTS that do not have provisions within this Code shall be
governed by the standards of the pre-existing zoning.
5.2. BUILDING DISPOSITION
5.2.1. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T3, T4, T5
a. Newly platted LOTS shall be dimensioned according to Table 11f and Tables
12A -C.
b. Building DISPOSITION types shall be as shown in Table 6 and Table 11 i.
c. Buildings shall be disposed in relation to the boundaries of their Lots
according to Table 11g, Table 11h, and Tables 12A -C.
d. One Principal Building at the FRONTAGE, and one Outbuilding to the rear of
the Principal Building, may be built on each LOT as shown in Table 14c.
e. LOT coverage by building shall not exceed that recorded in Table 11f and
Tables 124C.
f. Facades shall be built parallel to a rectilinear PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE
or to the tangent of a curved PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE and along a
minimum percentage of the FRONTAGE width at the SETBACK, as specified
as FRONTAGE Buildout on Table 11g and Tables 12A -C.
g. Setbacks for Principal Buildings shall be as shown in Table 11g and Tables
12A -C. In the case of an Infill LOT, Setbacks shall match one of the existing
adjacent SETBACKS. SETBACKS may otherwise be adjusted by WARRANT.
h. Rear SETBACKS for Outbuildings shall be a minimum of 12 feet measured
from the centerline of the REAR ALLEY or REAR LANE easement. In the
absence of REAR ALLEY or REAR LANE, the rear SETBACK shall be as
shown in Table 11h and Tables 12A -C.
L To accommodate slopes over ten percent, relief from front Setback
requirements is available by WARRANT.
5.3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION
5.3.1. Specific to zones T3, T4, T5
a. Newly platted LOTS shall be dimensioned according to Table 11f and Tables
12A -C.
b. Building Disposition types shall be as shown in Table 6.
c. Buildings shall be disposed in relation to the boundaries of their LOTS
according to Table 11g and Tables 12A -C.
21
d. One PRINCIPAL BUILDING at the FRONTAGE, and one ACCESSORY UNIT
to the rear of the PRINCIPAL BUILDING, may be built on each LOT as shown
in Table 14c.
e. LOT coverage by building shall not exceed that recorded in Table 11f and
Tables 12A -C.
f. Facades shall be built parallel to a rectilinear PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE
or to the tangent of a curved PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE, and along a
minimum percentage of the FRONTAGE length at the SETBACK, as specified
on Table 11g and Tables 12A -C.
g. SETBACKS for PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS shall be as shown in Table 11g and
Tables 12A -C. In the case of an INFILL LOT, Setbacks shall match one of the
existing adjacent SETBACKS. SETBACKS may otherwise be adjusted by the
Final Site Plan.
h. Rear SETBACKS for ACCESSORY UNITS shall be a minimum of 12 feet
measured from the centerline of the REAR ALLEY easement. In the absence
of REAR ALLEY, the rear SETBACK shall be as shown in Table 11 h and
Tables 12A -C.
i. To accommodate slopes over ten percent, relief from front SETBACK.
requirements may be considered as a Special Condition.
5.4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION
5.4.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5
a. The PRIVATE FRONTAGE of buildings shall conform to and be allocated in
accordance with Table 4 and Table 11j.
b. Buildings on corner LOTS shall have two PRIVATE FRONTAGES as shown in
Table 14. Prescriptions for the second and third LAYERS pertain only to the
PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE. Prescriptions for the first LAYER pertain to both
FRONTAGES.
c. The first STORY of all FACADES should be glazed with clear glass no less
than 30%.
d. Building Heights, SETBACKS, EXPRESSION LINES, and EXTENSION
LINES shall conform to Table 5 and Table 11j.
e. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished ceiling,
except for a first floor COMMERCIAL FUNCTION which shall be a minimum
of 11 feet and maybe a maximum of 25 feet. A single floor level exceeding 14
feet, or 25 feet at ground level, shall be counted as two (2) stories.
Mezzanines extending beyond 33% of the floor area shall be counted as an
additional STORY.
I. In a PARKING STRUCTURE or garage, each level counts as a single. STORY
regardless of its relationship to habitable Stories.
g. Height limits do not apply to ATTICS or raised basements, masts, belfries,
clock towers, chimney flues, water tanks, or elevator bulkheads.
5.4.2. Specific to zones T3, T4, T5
22
a. The minimum size of a dwelling within a PRINCIPAL BUILDING shall be 300
sq ft in interior space. ACCESSORY UNITS may be any size, not to exceed
900 sq ft.
5.4.3. Specific to zone T3
a. No portion of the PRIVATE FRONTAGE may encroach the SIDEWALK.
b. Open lanais may encroach the first LAYER 50% of its depth. (Table 14d)
c. Lanais and bay windows may encroach the First LAYER 25% of its depth.
5.4.4. Specific to zone T4
a. Lanais and bay windows may encroach the first LAYER 50% of its depth.
Table 14d)
5.4.5. Specific to zones T5
a. Awnings, ARCADES, and GALLERIES may encroach the SIDEWALK to
within two feet of the CURB but must clear the SIDEWALK vertically by at
least 8 feet.
b. Maximum Encroachment heights (EXTENSION LINES) for ARCADES shall be
as shown on Table 5.
c. Entryway steps, lanais, and bay windows may encroach the first LAYER 100%
of its depth. (Table 14d)
d. Loading docks and service areas shall be permitted on FRONTAGES only as
a Special Condition.
e. In the absence of a building FACADE along any part of a FRONTAGE LINE, a
STREETSCREEN shall be built co -planar with the Facade.
f. STREETSCREENS should be between 3.5 and 8 feet in height. The
STREETSCREEN may be replaced by a hedge or fence by WARRANT.
STREETSCREENS shall have openings no larger than necessary to allow
automobile and pedestrian access.
g. A first level RESIDENTIAL or LODGING FUNCTION shall be raised a
minimum of 2 feet from average SIDEWALK grade.
5.5. BUILDING FUNCTION
5.5.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5
a. Buildings in each TRANSECT ZONE shall conform to the FUNCTIONS on
Table 7 and Table 9 and Table 11k. FUNCTIONS that do not conform shall
require approval by Warrant or Variance as specified on Table 9.
5.5.2. Specific to zone T3
a. Accessory FUNCTIONS of Restricted LODGING or Restricted OFFICE shall
be permitted within an ACCESSORY UNIT. See Table 7.
5.5.3. Specific to zones T4, T5
a. Accessory FUNCTIONS of Limited LODGING or Limited OFFICE shall be
permitted within an ACCESSORY UNIT. See Table 7.
23
5.5.4. Specific to zones T5
a. First STORY COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS shall be permitted.
b. Manufacturing FUNCTIONS within the first Story may be permitted by
Variance.
5.6. PARKING AND DENSITY CALCULATIONS
5.6.1. Specific to zone T3
a. Buildable DENSITY on a LOT shall be determined by the actual parking
provided within the LOT as applied to the FUNCTIONS permitted in Table 7.
5.6.2. Specific to zones T4, T5
a. Buildable DENSITY on a LOT shall be determined by the sum of the actual
parking calculated as that provided (1) within the LOT (2) along the parking
lane corresponding to the LOT FRONTAGE, and (3) by purchase or lease
from a CIVIC PARKING RESERVE within the PEDESTRIAN SHED, if
available.
b. The actual parking may be adjusted upward according to the SHARED
PARKING FACTOR of Table 8 to determine the EFFECTIVE PARKING. The
SHARED PARKING FACTOR is available for any two FUNCTIONS within any
pair of adjacent BLOCKS.
c. Based on the EFFECTIVE PARKING available, the DENSITY of the projected
FUNCTION may be determined according to Table 7.
d. Within the overlay area of a TRANSIT -ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
the EFFECTIVE PARKING may be further adjusted upward by 30%.
e. The total DENSITY within each TRANSECT ZONE shall not exceed that
specified by an approved Regulating Maps based on Article 3 or Article 4.
f. ACCESSORY UNITS do not count toward DENSITY calculations.
g. Liner Buildings less than 30 feet deep and no more than two STORIES shall
be exempt from parking requirements.
5.6.3. Parking Calculations. The calculations work as follows:
a. The required parking for each category of function appears on Table 7. These
requirements also apply to the subcategories of Table 9. For those functions
that are not covered, the parking is calculated by WARRANT.
b. Table 8a (Required Parking) summarizes the parking requirements of Table 7,
which determines the amount of parking required for each site or, conversely,
the amount of buildings allowed on each site given the parking available.
c. In the event of mixed use, the actual parking required is calculated by adding
the total number of spaces required by each separate function and dividing the
total by the appropriate factor from Table 8b (SHARED PARKING FACTOR).
An example of this calculation: The RESIDENTIAL FUNCTION requires 10
spaces while the office portion requires 12 spaces. Independently they would
require 22 spaces, but when divided by the sharing factor of 1.4, they would
24
require only 16 spaces. A second way to calculate: If there are 22 spaces
available for RESIDENTIAL and OFFICE, multiplying this by the factor 1.4
gives the equivalent of 30 spaces. Thus buildings are allowed corresponding
to 30 parking spaces. When three functions share parking, use the lowest
factor so that enough parking is assured.
5.7. PARKING LOCATION STANDARDS
5.7.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5
a. Parking shall be accessed by REAR ALLEYS when such are available on the
REGULATING MAPS.
b. Open parking areas shall be masked from the FRONTAGE by a Building or
c. For buildings on B-GRIDS'open parking areas may be allowed unmasked on
the FRONTAGE, except for comer lots at intersections with the A -GRID.
5.7.2. Specific to zones T3
a. Open parking areas shall be located at the second and third LOT LAYERS,
except that DRIVEWAYS, drop-offs and unpaved parking areas may be
located at the first LOT LAYER. (Table 14d)
b. Garages shall be located at the third LAYER except that side- or rear -entry
types may be allowed in the first or second LAYER.
5.7.3. Specific to zones T3, T4
a. DRIVEWAYS at FRONTAGES shall be no wider than 10 feet in the first
LAYER. (Table 2B -f)
5.7.4. Specific to zone T4
a. All parking areas and garages shall be located at the second or third LAYER.
5.7.5. Specific to zones T5
a. All parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES shall be located at
the second or third LAYER. (Table 14d)
b. Vehicular entrances to parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES
shall be no wider than 24 feet at the FRONTAGE. (Table 26-f)
c. Pedestrian exits from all parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES
shall be directly to a FRONTAGE LINE (i.e., not directly into a building) except
underground levels which may be exited by pedestrians directly into a
building.
d. PARKING STRUCTURES on the A -GRID shall have LINER BUILDINGS lining
the first and second STORIES.
e. A minimum of one bicycle rack place should be provided within the PUBLIC or
PRIVATE FRONTAGE for every ten vehicular parking spaces.
25
5.8. LANDSCAPE STANDARDS
5.8.1. General to zones T4, T5 (Table 11)
a. Impermeable surface shall be confined to the ratio of LOT coverage specified
in Table 11f.
5.8.2. Specific to zones T3, T4
a. The first LAYER may not be paved, with the exception of DRIVEWAYS as
specified in Section 5.10.2 and Section 5.10.3. (Table 14d)
5.8.3. Specific to zone T4
a. A minimum of one tree shall be planted within the first LAYER for each 30 feet
of FRONTAGE LINE or portion thereof. (Table 14d)
b. Trees shall be a single species to match the species of Street Trees on the
PUBLIC FRONTAGE, or as shown on Table 5.
c. Lawn shall be permitted BY RIGHT.
5.8.4. Specific to zones T5
a. Trees shall not be required in the first LAYER.
b. The first LAYER maybe paved to match the pavement of the PUBLIC
FRONTAGE.
6. STANDARDS AND TABLES
C.
ARTICLE 7. DEFINITIONS
This Article provides definitions for terms in this Code that are technical in nature or that otherwise
may not reflect a common usage of the term. If a term is not defined in this Article, then the
Planning Director shall determine the correct definition. Items in italics refer to Articles, Sections, or
Tables in the SmartCode.
A -Grid: cumulatively, those transportation corridors that by virtue of their pre-existing pedestrian -
supportive qualities, or their future importance to pedestrian connectivity, are held to the highest
standards prescribed by this Code. See B -Grid. (Syn: primary grid.)
Accessory Building: an Outbuilding with an ACCESSORY UNIT.
Accessory Unit: an Apartment not greater than 440 square feet sharing ownership and utility
connections with a Principal Building; it may or may not be within an Outbuilding. See Table 7 and
Table 14. (Syn: ancillary unit)
Adjusted Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that has been adjusted according to Section 3.2,
creating the regulatory boundary of a Village Unit.
Affordable Housing: dwellings consisting of rental or for -sale units that have a rent (including
utilities) or sales price meeting the requirements of HCC chapter 11 or the Kona CDP.
Allee: a regularly spaced and aligned row of trees usually planted along a Thoroughfare or Path.
Apartment: a Residential unit sharing a building and a Lot with other units and/or uses; may be for
rent, or for sale as a condominium.
Arcade: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is a colonnade
supporting habitable space that overlaps the Sidewalk, while the Facade at Sidewalk level remains
at the FRONTAGE LINE.
Attic: the interior part of a building contained within a pitched roof structure.
Avenue (AV): a Thoroughfare of high vehicular capacity and low to moderate speed, acting as a
short distance connector between urban centers, and usually equipped with a landscaped median.
B -Grid: cumulatively, those transportation corridors that by virtue of their use, location, or absence
of pre-existing pedestrian -supportive qualities, may meet a standard lower than that of the A -GRID.
See A -GRID. (Syn: secondary grid.)
BRT: see Bus Rapid Transit.
Backbuilding: a single -Story structure connecting a Principal Building to an Outbuilding. See
Table 14.
Base Density: the number of dwelling units per acre before adjustment for other Functions and/or
TDR. See Density.
Bed and Breakfast: an owner -occupied Lodging type offering 1 to 5 bedrooms, permitted to serve
breakfast in the momings to guests.
Bicycle Lane (BL): a dedicated lane for cycling within a moderate -speed vehicular Thoroughfare,
demarcated by striping.
27
Route (BR): a Thoroughfare suitable for the shared use of bicycles and automobiles
at low speeds.
Trail (BT): a bicycle way running independently of a vehicular Thoroughfare.
the aggregate of private Lots, Passages, Rear Alleys and Rear Lanes, circumscribed by
rtation corridors.
Face: the aggregate of all the building Facades on one side of a Block.
1(BV): a Thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity and moderate speed,
an Urbanized area. Boulevards are usually equipped with Slip Roads buffering
and buildings.
an area previously used primarily as an industrial site.
I s Rapid Transit: a rubber tire system with its own right-of-way or dedicated lane along at least
t)% of its route, providing transit service that is faster than a regular bus.
ly Right: characterizing a proposal or component of a proposal for a Village Plan or Building
kale Plan (Article 3, Article 4, orArticle 5) that complies with the SmartCode and is permitted and
rlcessed administratively, without public hearing. See Warrant and Variance.
ivic: the term defining not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture, education, recreation,
overnment, transit, and municipal parking.
I
ivic Building: a building operated by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture,
education, recreation, government, transit, and municipal parking, or for use approved by the
gislative body.
ii
vic Parking Reserve: Parking Structure or parking lot within a quarter -mile of the site that it
serves. See Section 5.9.2.
iI
vic Space: an outdoor area dedicated for public use. Civic Space types are defined by the
ombination of certain physical constants including the relationships among their intended use,
heir size, their landscaping and their Enfronting buildings. See Table 10.
iivic Zone: designation for public sites dedicated for Civic Buildings and Civic Space.
Commercial: the term collectively defining workplace, Office, Retail, and Lodging Functions.
Common Destination: An area of focused community activity, usually defining the approximate
enter of a Pedestrian Shed. It may include without limitation one or more of the following: a Civic
Space, a Civic Building, a Commercial center, or a transit station, and may act as the social center
a
C
neighborhood.
Common Yard: a planted Private Frontage wherein the Facade is set back from the Frontage line.
It is visually continuous with adjacent yards. See Table 4.
the form of a building, based on its massing, Private Frontage, and height:
rridor: a lineal geographic system incorporating transportation and/or Greenway trajectories. A
asportation corridor may be a lineal Transect Zone.
ttage: an Edgeyard building type. A single-family dwelling, on a regular Lot, often shared with
ACCESSORY BUILDING in the back yard.
91
Courtyard Building: a building that occupies the boundaries of its Lot while intemally defining one
or more private patios. See Table 6.
Curb: the edge of the vehicular pavement that may be raised or flush to a Swale. It usually
incorporates the drainage system. See Table 3A and Table 3B.
DDC: Development and Design Center.
Density: the number of dwelling units within a standard measure of land area.
Design Speed: is the velocity at which a Thoroughfare tends to be driven without the constraints of
signage or enforcement. There are four ranges of speed: Very Low: (below 20 MPH); Low: (20-25
MPH); Moderate: (25-35 MPH); High: (above 35 MPH). Lane width is determined by desired
Design Speed. See Table 2A.
Developable Areas: lands other than those in the T-1 Preserved Open Sector. Development and
Design Center (DDC): A component of the Planning Office assigned to advise on the use of this
Code and to aid in the design of the Communities and buildings based on it.
Disposition: the placement of a building on its Lot. See Table 6 and Table 14.
Dooryard: a Private Frontage type with a shallow Setback and front garden or patio, usually with a
low wall at the Frontage Line. See Table 4. (Variant: Lightwell, light court.)
Drive: a Thoroughfare along the boundary between an Urbanized and a natural condition, usually
along a waterfront, Park, or promontory. One side has the urban character of a Thoroughfare, with
Sidewalk and building, while the other has the qualities of a Road or parkway, with naturalistic
planting and rural details.
Driveway: a vehicular lane within a Lot, often leading to a garage. See Section 5.10 and Table 213-
f.
Edgeyard Building: a building that occupies the center of its Lot with Setbacks on all sides. See
Table 6.
Effective Parking: the amount of parking required for Mixed Use after adjustment by the Shared
Parking Factor. See Table 8.
Effective Turning Radius: the measurement of the inside Turning Radius taking parked cars into
account. See Table 14.
Elevation: an exterior wall of a building not along a Frontage Line. See Table 14. See: Facade.
Encroach: to break the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory limit with a structural element, so
that it extends into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit.
Encroachment: any structural element that breaks the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory
limit, extending into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit.
Enfront: to place an element along a Frontage, as in "porches Enfront the street."
Estate House: an Edgeyard building type. A single-family dwelling on a very large Lot of rural
character, often shared by one or more ACCESSORY BUILDINGs. (Syn: country house, villa)
Expression Line: a line prescribed at a certain level of a building for the major part of the width of
a Facade, expressed by a variation in material or by a limited projection such as a molding or
balcony. See Table 5. (Syn: transition line.)
29
13
m Line: a line prescribed at a certain level of a building for the major part of the width of a
regulating the maximum height for an Encroachment by an ARCADE Frontage. See Table
ide: the exterior wall of a building that is set along a Frontage Line. See Elevation. Forecourt:
vate Frontage wherein a portion of the Facade is close to the Frontage Line and the central
on is set back. See Table 4.
stage: the area between a building Facade and the vehicular lanes, inclusive of its built and
ted components. Frontage is divided into Private Frontage and Public Frontage. See Table 3A
Table 4.
stage Line: a Lot line bordering a Public Frontage. Facades facing Frontage Lines define the
is realm and are therefore more regulated than the Elevations facing other Lot Lines. See
e 14.
ction: the use or uses accommodated by a building and its Lot, categorized as Restricted,
ted, or Open, according to the intensity of the use. See Table 7 and Table 9.
lery: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is aligned close to the
stage Line with an attached cantilevered shed or lightweight colonnade overlapping the
walk. See Table 4.
a Civic Space type for unstructured recreation, spatially defined by landscaping rather than
Frontages. See Table 10. i
field: an area that consists of open or wooded land or farmland that has not been previously
3y: an Open Space Corridor in largely natural conditions which may include trails for
and pedestrians.
Grleyfield: an area previously used primarily as a parking lot. Shopping centers and shopping malls
are typical Greyfield sites. (Variant: Grayfield.)
Highway: a rural and suburban Thoroughfare of high vehicular speed and capacity. This type is
allocated to the more rural TRANSECT ZONES (T-1, T-2, and T-3).
Home Occupation: non -Retail Commercial enterprises. The work quarters should be invisible from
the Frontage, located either within the house or in an Outbuilding. Permitted activities are defined
by the Restricted Office category. See Table 7. 1
House: an Edgeyard building type, usually a single-family dwelling on a large Lot, often shared
With an ACCESSORY BUILDING in the back yard. (Syn: single.)
Infill: noun - new development on land that had been previously developed, including most
Gievfield and Brownfield sites and cleared land within Urbanized areas. verb- to develop such
I'
In RCD: a Village Unit type within an Urbanized, Greyfield, or Brownfield area based on a Long
orj Linear Pedestrian Shed and consisting of T-4 and/or T-5 Zones. An Infill RCD is permitted BYRIGHTintheKailuaVillageTODandtheRuralTownsTODsandisregulatedbyArticle4: See
Section 4.2.3. (Var: downtown.)
i
Infill TND: a Village Unit type within an Urbanized, Greyfield, or Brownfield area based on a
Standard Pedestrian Shed and consisting of T-3, T-4, and/or T-5 Zones. An Infill TND is permitted
By Right (with PUD approval) in the Urban Area outside of TODs with existing urban zoning and is
regulated by Article 4. See Section 4.2.2. (Var: neighborhood.)
Inn: a Lodging type, owner -occupied, offering 9 to 12 bedrooms, permitted to serve breakfast in the
mornings to guests. See Table 7.
Layer: a range of depth of a Lot within which certain elements are permitted. See Table 14.
Lightwell: A Private Frontage type that is a below -grade entrance or recess designed to allow light
into basements. See Table 4. (Syn: light court.)
Linear Pedestrian Shed: A Pedestrian Shed that is elongated along an important Mixed Use
Corridor such as a main street. A Linear Pedestrian Shed extends approximately 1/4 mile from
each side of the Corridor for the length of its Mixed Use portion. The resulting area is shaped like a
lozenge. It may be used to structure a TND, RCD, Infill TND, or Infill RCD. (Syn: elongated
pedestrian shed.)
Liner Building: a building specifically designed to mask a parking lot or a Parking Structure from a
Frontage.
Live -Work: a Mixed Use unit consisting of a Commercial and Residential Function. The
Commercial Function may be anywhere in the unit. It is intended to be occupied by a business
operator who lives in the same structure that contains the Commercial activity or industry. See
Work -Live. (Syn.: flexhouse.)
Lodging: premises available for daily and weekly renting of bedrooms. See Table 7 and Table 9.
Long Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that is an average 112 mile radius or 2640 feet, used
when a transit stop (bus or rail) is present or proposed as the Common Destination. A Long
Pedestrian Shed represents approximately a ten-minute walk at a leisurely pace. It is applied to
structure an RCD Village Unit type. See Pedestrian Shed.
Lot: a parcel of land accommodating a building or buildings of unified design. The size of a Lot is
controlled by its width in order to determine the grain (i.e., fine grain or coarse grain) of the urban
fabric.
Lot Line: the boundary that legally and geometrically,demarcates a Lot.
Lot Width: the length of the Principal Frontage Line of a Lot.
Main Civic Space: the primary outdoor gathering place for a community. The Main Civic Space is
often, but not always, associated with an important Civic Building.
Manufacturing: premises available for the creation, assemblage and/or repair of artifacts, using
table -mounted electrical machinery or artisanal equipment, and including their Retail sale.
Meeting Hall: a building available for gatherings, including conferences, that accommodates at
least one room equivalent to a minimum of 10 square feet per projected dwelling unit within the
Pedestrian Shed in which it is located.
Mixed Use: multiple Functions within the same building through superimposition or adjacency, or
in multiple buildings by adjacency, or at a proximity determined by Warrant.
31
or
Site Area: all developable land within a site including transportation corridors but excluding
allocated as Civic Zones.
Nork Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed adjusted for average walk times along
sportation corridors. This type may be used to structure Infill Village Plans. See Table 14.
ce: premises available for the transaction of general business but excluding Retail, artisanal
Manufacturing uses. See Table 7.
rn Space: land intended to remain undeveloped; it may be for Civic Space. Outbuilding: an
ESSORY BUILDING, usually located toward the rear of the same Lot as a Principal Building,
sometimes connected to the Principal Building by a BACKBUILDING. See Table 14.
k: a Civic Space type that is a natural preserve available for unstructured recreation. See Table
ng Structure: a building containing one or more Stories of parking above grade. I
age (PS): a pedestrian connector, open or roofed, that passes between buildings to provide
uts through long Blocks and connect rear parking areas to Frontages.
PT): a pedestrian way traversing a Park or rural area, with landscape matching the
luous Open Space, ideally connecting directly with the urban Sidewalk network.
strian Shed: An area that is centered on a Common Destination. Its size is related tolaverage
ig distances for the applicable Village Unit type. Pedestrian Sheds are applied to structure
nunities. See Standard, Long, Linear or Network Pedestrian Shed. (Syn: walkshed, walkable
the element of the Public Frontage which accommodates street trees, whether continuous
a Civic Space type designed for Civic purposes and Commercial activities in the more urban
ct Zones, generally paved and spatially defined by building Frontages.
Dal Building: the main building on a Lot, usually located toward the Frontage. See Table 14.
Entrance: the main point of access for pedestrians into a building.
pal Frontage: On corner Lots, the Private Frontage designated to bear the address and
ipal Entrance to the building, and the measure of minimum Lot width. Prescriptions for the
ayers pertain only to the Principal Frontage. Prescriptions for the first Layer pertain to
ntages of a comer Lot. See Frontage.
Frontage: the privately held Layer between the Frontage Line and the Principal Building
See Table 4 and Table 14.
rontage: the area between the Curb of the vehicular lanes and the Frontage Line., See
and Table 3B.
e Regional Center Development.
ley (RA): a vehicular way located to the rear of Lots providing access to service areas,
and Outbuildings and containing utility easements. Rear Alleys should be paved from
face to building face, with drainage by inverted crown at the center or with roll Curbs at the
WA
Rear Lane (RL): a vehicular way located to the rear of Lots providing access to service areas,
parking, and Outbuildings and containing utility easements. Rear Lanes may be paved lightly to
Driveway standards. The streetscape consists of gravel or landscaped edges, has no raised Curb,
and is drained by percolation.
Rearyard Building: a building that occupies the full Frontage Line, leaving the rear of the Lot as
the sole yard. See Table 6. (Var: Rowhouse, Townhouse, APARTMENT House)
Recess Line: a line prescribed for the full width of a Facade, above which there is a Stepback of a
minimum distance, such that the height to this line (not the overall building height) effectively
defines the enclosure of the Enfronting public space. Var: Extension Line. See Table 5.
Regional Center: Regional Center Development or RCD.
Regional Center Development (RCD): a Village Unit type structured by a Long Pedestrian Shed
or Linear Pedestrian Shed, which may be adjoined without buffers by one or several Standard
Pedestrian Sheds, each with the individual Transect Zone requirements of a TND. RCD takes the
form of a high -Density Mixed Use center connected to other centers by transit. See Infill RCD,
Table 11a. (Var: town center, downtown. Syn: Regional Center)
Regulating Plan: a Zoning Map or set of maps that shows the Transect Zones, Civic Zones,
Special Districts if any, and Special Requirements if any, of areas subject to, or potentially subject
to, regulation by these Guidelines.
Residential: characterizing premises available for long-term human dwelling.
Retail: characterizing premises available for the sale of merchandise and food service. See Table
7 and Table 9.
Retail Frontage: Frontage designated on a Regulating Plan that requires or recommends the
provision of a Shopfront, encouraging the ground level to be available for Retail use. See Special
Requirements.
Road (RD): a local, rural and suburban Thoroughfare of low -to -moderate vehicular speed and
capacity. This type is allocated to the more rural Transect Zones (GB -T3). See Table 2A.
Rowhouse: a single-family dwelling that shares a party wall with another of the same type and
occupies the full Frontage Line. See Rearyard Building. (Syn: Townhouse)
Secondary Frontage: on corner Lots, the Private Frontage that is not the Principal Frontage. As it
affects the public realm, its First Layer is regulated. See Table 14.
Setback: the area of a Lot measured from the Lot line to a building Facade or Elevation that is
maintained clear of permanent structures, with the exception of Encroachments listed in Section
5.7. See Table 11g. (Var: build -to -line.)
Shared Parking Factor: an accounting for parking spaces that are available to more than one
Function. See Table 8.
Shopfront: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use, with substantial glazing and an awning,
wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the building entrance at Sidewalk
grade. See Table 4.
Sidewalk: the paved section of the Public Frontage dedicated exclusively to pedestrian activity.
33
i
Sideyard Building: a building that occupies one side of the Lot with a Setback on the other side.
This type can be a Single or Twin depending on whether it abuts the neighboring house. See Table
6. 11
Slip Road: an outer vehicular lane or lanes of a Thoroughfare, designed for slow speeds while
inrier lanes carry higher speed traffic, and separated from them by a planted median. (Syn: access
lane, service lane, frontage road)
Specialized Building: a building that is not subject to Residential, Commercial, or Lodging
classification. See Table 6.
Special District (SD): an area that, by its intrinsic Function, Disposition, or Configuration, cannot
or should not conform to one or more of the normative Village Unit types or Transect Zones
specified by these Guidelines. Special Districts may be mapped and regulated at the regional scale
or the village scale. i
Special Flood Hazard Area: a designation by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMA) that may include the V (Velocity) Zones and A Zones where building construction is
forbidden, restricted, or contingent upon raising to the Base Flood Elevation.
ficial Requirements: provisions of Section 3.9, Section 4.7, and Section 5.3 of this Code and/or
associated designations on a Regulating Plan or other map for those provisions.
rare: a Civic Space type designed for unstructured recreation and Civic purposes, spatially
ned by building Frontages and consisting of Paths, lawns and trees, formally disposed. See
le 10.
Ward Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that is an average 1/4 mile radius or 1320ifeet,
it the distance of a five-minute walk at a leisurely pace. See Pedestrian Shed.
back: a building Setback of a specified distance that occurs at a prescribed number of Stories
ve the ground. See Table 5.
p: a Private Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the first
y elevated from the Sidewalk for privacy, with an exterior stair and landing at the entrance. See
le 4.
ry: a habitable level within a building, excluding an ATTIC or raised basement. See Talile 5.
et (ST): a local urban Thoroughfare of low speed and capacity. See Table 2B and Table 3B.
etscreen: a freestanding wall built along the Frontage Line, or coplanar with the Facade. It
r mask a parking lot from the Thoroughfare, provide privacy to a side yard, and/or strengthen
spatial definition of the public realm. (Syn: streetwall.) See Section 5.7.5f.
Modification: alteration to a building that is valued at more than 50% of the
cost of the entire building, if new.
a low or slightly depressed natural area for drainage.
T -zone: Transect Zone.
Transfer of Development Rights, a method of relocating existing zoning rights from areas to.
served as Open Space to areas to be more densely urbanized.
34
TDR Receiving Area: an area intended for development that may be made more dense by the
transfer of development rights from TDR Sending Areas.
TDR Sending Area: an area previously zoned for development within a designated Reserved
Open Sector (0-2), from which development rights may be transferred to T-4 or T-5 Zones.
Terminated Vista: a location at the axial conclusion of a Thoroughfare. A building located at a
Terminated Vista designated on a Regulating Plan is required or recommended to be designed in
response to the axis.
TND: Traditional Neighborhood Development, a Village Unit type structured by a Standard
Pedestrian Shed oriented toward a Common Destination consisting of a Mixed Use center or
Corridor, and in the form of a medium-sized settlement near a transportation route. See Table 11 a.
Syn: village. Variant: Infill TND, neighborhood.)
TOD: Transit Oriented Development. TOD is created by an overlay on all or part of a TND or RCD,,
or by designation on a Regional Plan, permitting increased Density to support rail or Bus Rapid
Transit (BRT) as set forth in Section 5.9.2d.
Townhouse: See Rearyard Building. (Syn: Rowhouse)
Transect: a cross-section of the environment showing a range of different habitats. The rural -urban
Transect of the human environment used in the SmartCode template is divided into six Transect
Zones. These zones describe the physical form and character of a place, according to the Density
and intensity of its land use and Urbanism.
Transect Zone (T -zone): One of several areas on a Zoning Map regulated by these Guidelines.
Transect Zones are administratively similar to the land use zones in conventional codes, except
that in addition to the usual building use, Density, height, and Setback requirements, other
elements of the intended habitat are integrated, including those of the private Lot and building and
Public Frontage. See Table 1.
Transportation Corridor: a way for use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic and to provide access'
to Lots and Open Spaces, consisting of Vehicular Lanes and the Public Frontage. See Table 2A,
Table 2B and Table 14a.
Turning Radius: the curved edge of a Thoroughfare at an intersection, measured at the inside
edge of the vehicular tracking. The smaller the Turning Radius, the smaller the pedestrian crossing
distance and the more slowly the vehicle is forced to make the turn. See Table 2B and Table 14.
Urban Boundary Line: the extent of potential urban growth as determined by the projected
demographic needs of a region. The Urban Boundary Line may be adjusted from time to time.
Urbanism: collective term for the condition of a compact, Mixed Use settlement, including the
physical form of its development and its environmental, functional, economic, and sociocultural
aspects.
Urbanized: generally, developed. Specific to the SmartCode, developed at T-3 (Sub -Urban)
Density or higher.
Variance: a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent with either a specific provision
or the Intent of this Code (Section 1.3). Variances are granted pursuant to the procedures of the
zoning code. See Section 1.5.
35
Village Unit: a regulatory category defining the physical form, Density, and extent of a settlement.
The two Village Unit types addressed in this Code are TND and RCD. Variants of TND and RCD
for Infill (Article 4) are called Infill TND and Infill RCD. The TOD Village Unit type may be created
by an overlay on TND or RCD.
Warrant: a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent with a specific provision of this
Code, but that is justified by its Intent (Section 1.3). Warrants are granted administratively by the
Planning Director. See Section 1.5. i
Work -Live: a Mixed Use unit consisting of a Commercial and Residential Function. It typically has
a substantial Commercial component that may accommodate employees and walk-in trade. The
unit is intended to function predominantly as work space with incidental Residential
accommodations that meet basic habitability requirements. See Live -Work. (Syn: Live -With.)
Yield: characterizing a Thoroughfare that has two-way traffic but only one effective travel lane
because of parked cars, necessitating slow movement and driver negotiation. Also, characterizing
parking on such a Thoroughfare.
Zloning Map: the official map or maps that are part of the zoning ordinance and delineate the
boundaries of individual zones and districts. See Regulating Plan.
36
SMARTCODE TABLE 1. TRANSECT ZONE DESCRIPTIONS
Kona
TABLE t: Transact Zone Descriptions. This table describes ofthe Intent of each Transect Zone.
GB GREENBELT
Caroni Character:
General Character. Natural landscape with some agricultural use
Building Placement: Not applicable
Frontage Types: Not applicable
Typical Building Height: Not applicable
Type ofCivic Space: Parks, Greenways
T-3 SUB -URBAN (SECONDARY AREA)
Caroni Character: Law ,andla Myardssmundogdetadnedsinglofandy
Mix of Houses, Townhouses 6 small Apartment buildings, with
houses; pedestrians occasionally
Building Placement Large and variable front and side yard Setbacks
Frontage Types: Porches, fences, naturalistic tree planting
Typical Building Height: 1- to 2 -Story with some 3-Sory
Type of Civic Space: Parks, Greenways
T4 GENERAL URBAN
General Character. Mix of Houses, Townhouses 6 small Apartment buildings, with
scatteredCommerdal activ'dy; balance between landscape and
buildings; presence ofpedestrians
Building Placement Shallow to medium front and side yard Setbacks
Frontage Types: Porches, fences, Dooryards
Typical Building Height: 2- to 3 -Story with a few taller Moved Use buildings
Type ofClvlc Space: Squares, Greens
T -S URBAN CENTER
General Character.
Building Placement
Frontage Types:
Typical Building Height
Type ofCivic Space:
ShopsmndwdhTowftuses, bWApamnenthouses, Offices,
workplace, and Civic buildings; predominantly attached build-
ings; trees within thepublicrightaf-way; substantial pedestrian
activityShallow Setbacks or none; bkWdngs oriented to street defining
a street wall
Stoops, Slopfronts, Galleries
3- to 5 -Storywith some variation
Packs, Plazas and Squares, median landscaping
SnwrC=vff=9A `SCi
LE 2A. VEHICULAR LANE DIMENSIONS SMARTCODE
Kona
2A: Vehicular Lane Dimensions. This table assigns lane widths to Transect Zones. The Design ADT (Average Deily Traffic) is the
inant for each of these sections. The most typical assemblies are shown in Table 2B. Specific requirements for truck and transit bus
and truck loading shall be decided by Warrant.
DESIGN SPEED TRAVEL LANE WIDTH
8L* .20.mp
X6,.1.1
20:25'mp 10_15.1eet4
2LL25.mph1 9:leetl
zs3s.mq to:leeti 1 gV;
25t35mp1 6 1$feetl
Abo'va
DESIGN SPEED PARKING LANE WIDTH
x!05 °r20:25.mph; =Z=(MSIe)18'feet
20:2s:mph ltgMY) reet LaE7 j
2535mph (Pimel) S'leel " ` us F I'4W3
Paiall
II DESIGNSPEED EFFECTIVE TURNING RADIUS (SeeTable 176)
mph ":. 5=10f.. °Btl X6,.1.1
20:25'mp 10_15.1eet4
X25:35mph] o'feetia
mph
SC2
a BY RIGHT
BY WARRANT
SMA9GMVMe9.0
SMARTCODE TABLE 2B. VEHICULAR LANE & PARKING ASSEMBLIES
Kona
TABLE 28: Vehicular Lane & Parking Assemblies. The projected design speeds determine the dimensions of the vehicular lanes and turning
radi assembled forTransportation Corridors.
V,, 94 SC3
3A. PUBLIC FRONTAGES • GENERAL
Kona
3A: Public Frontages • General. The Public Frontage is the area between the private Lot line and the edge of the vehicular lanes.
ons are given in Table 3B.
PUN _
LOT - R.O.W.
PRIVATE FRONTAGE . PURE FROMM
dXafte:
1y
Feer5+°D?IY'
a. (HW) For Hlghway`. 7Tus Frontage -open Sweles "drained by percdabon I
iBieyde Treils and no n0. The l ndsc pingping cansiWrel condition or 1 I
multiple speaes erteyed in"neturalisfic dusters. Buildings are buRered bydistance I
Ro:This Frontage has open Swabs drained by pe=Is awalk•'
ngPeth or Bigd0 Tred abng one orboth sides and Yusid perkng The landscaping1I 1ultilespeaesartayedmnalumlisbcdustersEw
K 'ft11'm^rYLY 'JiM @I11Wk as'ea MY''N&FL: c. (ST) For Street This Frontage has reised Curbs.dreinedby mets end Sidewalks. fl,
sepabted alarbn irdbidualorwnUnuousPbniers,withpariur¢ig'
both of a single oralte`met-F. The landscaping consists of streettreesLL
j
r:t n one or sides.
ing in Atlee s.
j r
species efigned a regulady spaced w N
d.(DRIForDrive:ThisFrontagehesreisedCurbsdreinedbyinl eb anidewideSi[ddewalk.
t5orpavedPethabngoneside,relatedtaeGreenweyorweterfronLltisseparatedfrom.
I; MevehiabrlanesbyindividusorcontkluousPbnters.Thelandscepingmnsistsof
streettroes Gfa single or temating spedes aligned in a regularly spaced Allee.:
7,s Ir.
Yb1
e. (AV) For Avemra: This Fronbge has reised Curbs drained by mets end wide g('"' p `
Sidewalks separated from Me vehicular lanes by aTnarrow continuous Penbr with 4([s
parldng on boM sides. The lendseaping consist of e7single tree spsdes elignedin('•
oroguladyspacedAloe.
f. (CS)(AV) For Commercial Street or Avenue: Thb Frontage has mired Curba I` ' drained by inlet end very wide Sidewalks along boM sides separated hen tlut S
vehiadar lanes by separet tree wells wiM grates and parimlg on boM sides.
TheIC'`,
YI ' landscaping consist of a single tree spades aligned with regular sparing whero
possibb butdears MeatorahantenUnruxs.
g. (BVI-ForBoulevard: Thb Fronbge hes SGp Roads oo-boMiides. It consists -of I;M"
reised Curbs dreined by inlet andSidewagb along boM sides, saparebd from dw I z I' Yehiadar Imes by Plerltrs. The 181dsC0plilg COI151ab Of doubts rows Oha smgb ly<:. 1 m
lroe apedea elprred in a regdedy spaced Atlee ' a ' *-° ,^ L, I I,
r< a r I
SG4I SxaiCMVu 9.0
SMARTCODE TABLE 3B. PUBLIC FRONTAGES - SPECIFIC
Kona
TABLE 3B: Public Frontages - Specific. This table assembles prescriptions and dimensions for the Public Frontage elements - Curbs,
walkways and Planters — relative to specific Transportation Corridors within Transect Zones. Table 3B -a assembles all of the elements for the
various street types. Locally appropriate planting species should be filled in to the calibrated Code.
RU RALIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITRANS ECT IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIURB'AN
9uoru0rVa M SC5
LE 4. PRIVATE FRONTAGES
Private Frontages. The Private Frontage is the area between the building Facades and the Lot lines.
SMARTCODE
Kona
SWACGCEV90
1
L3],T4 `Ir T5
1
f
a
1 r ,
yjj${
jt
YvS » 1..1 y
a r 7. b X ' 1
d.
t1`'``a}x• % °`d,'15 ei} G'". {
sk
11
3 4 v`
K c^
LLx
WN" C #La HiYw
PR
T( f
6. BUILDING DISPOSITION
Kona
i 6: Building Disposition. This table approximates the location of the structure relative to the boundaries of each individual Lot, estab-
suitable basic building types for each Transect Zone.
v`e
l I riiWKurica. Ed gsyud?SpscifieTycae' s single family House, eoRage, vlestat`e
urban cc vlla A buildingthatocuvpies the center of itsLot with Setbackson afi'sides. This
is the least urbanoftypesas thefront yard sets
itbackhomtheFrowhletheside yards wsekenlhe spatial detnMon of tnA is Trensportafioni rspa-
3TKO Irontyerd is intended to'be visually confinuous withths yardsof adiacent
buildings. Tire rear yard ran bs sewrad lonprivaq by lances end a wall -p1aBarIingendlorkY"At" .
x` Y•,. Y la,y e ¢, Y
On
b.
SIp:S Typal-ChedestonsingleHouse;doublehouse,zero-
IoNinehouse twin. A buildingthat oxu eson°esde of Ihs Lot with the Setback to,, ati
side:' A shelbwFrantage Setback defines a more urban condifion: IfIhendjacent
buiWingi is simlar wibW' risk party wet, the yard can be quite private.
Thies ' sysUmafic cfimetic tion'irt response,W Ma sunor thebb"rreeezee, IfSide"'
yad` House abutsane'ghb"'od*'ng lSideyerdHquse,the typaisknown as,e twin.or de"
fouble House Energy castsandsof' nebmas noise are reduced by shamg a partyw' all
aria z'• #i r +?a ° ti r `+a "i,'t "o Fie ,, y'
w'. e. Raaryard:•Spedfic Types- T`> Rawhouse, Livo-Work unit,
louildi Apartment House, Moved Used! Flew Building, perimeter block. A
bu
pat, k; occupm uie ful Fmntage,leaving theroarof the Lot as the sols yard. This isa
very: s urban typea scontinuous Facade steadity sines the public Thorcughtare.
Thel rear Elevations may bs RIJ uisted for functional purposes. IniS
iiftdential0ft this type is the Rowhouse Fw itsCommsrdal forththe rear yard can
accommodate
substantial
I d. Courtysrd: Specs !types - patio. house. A buildina that occupies the boundaries
of ifs lot whle intemalty deRnini o e mas prnrete Daws. This is the
f types, esiis able to shield the private roalmtrom a0sideswhlestrongty defining
the: public Transportation Corridor Because of is ability to aaommodafe
incompat3IF aetivifies, masking themhon al.sides, itis recommendedlorworkshops,
lodging and schools. The high security providodby the oonfinuous enclosure is.
usefulrlor" OWL At wz!
r ` S afted: A building thatis rrolsubjed to cetegor¢ebonF Buil Ii_
rdidiaWcLto:;, manufacturing andbanspodation aro often distorted byths trajectaissof
madinery.• Civic bwkgngs, Whidi may expre rFbans of.insn:My.
b0. A
A SC8 Saairnoevo9m9.
SMARTCODE TABLES 7 & 8. BUILDING FUNCTION & PARKING CALCULATIONS
Kona
TABLE 9: Building Function • General. This table categorizes Building Functions within Transect Zones. Parking requirements are
correlated to functional intensity. For Specific Function and Use permitted By Right or by Warrant, see Table 9.
ely, the
amount of budding allowed on each site given the packing available.
Satan VF 90 SC9
9. SPECIFIC FUNCTION & USE
Kona
9: Specific Function & Use. This table expands the categories of Table 7 to delegate specific Functions and uses within Transact
Table 9 should be customized for local character and requirements.
NNOILWixed UseDWjIMIMIMIUJIM
anneaffFlex EWddW%1I=j=IKaIUjj
et -ad .861ldF? 200M.R jIMINJUS 1[gZIBM
MWAParW-_AjU0ftjI=j=ILSffILBJI
KIIIIIIIIIIIHIMILM
3=W.U~U7nd MIMAIJOIL011IJOU
Reslam`antlM1111111111111221121IV
Row House',111MILOWN21
TT
F-F-30ELD:.]PIEH—I= = n2rjafW
MW
0. We
4XZ%1C=C:0—diEIM1211111192 1MI IM
I05mHa IIm0-TORTME-5
MinimiLaILO
7W -
n 7 ,777m T7—
b. LODGING
ZLt2K(RPnYvY1P. Ka E71MMUlm
Innp,!ji2rojm ruarmT-00— L
BN6 & RaTwear. TI aBURN570
F-F13M$-ROXWkWjjffffia in raKffL
MI N IRS
11C. OFFICE
7 0DoWAINEEK --qwn IN 5ff
d. RETAIL
jw&.Budarmg. ImImMs
TS 'Hgli"Stlwd)IMIZILIffiEff
et -ad .861ldF? 200M.R jIMINJUS 1[gZIBM
EM
KIIIIIIIIIIIHIMILM
Bdwa WERTURFOR01
Reslam`antlM1111111111111221121IV
N® ®1
TT
MW
0. We
WHER-B535-1rdEr Immij FOR-5Fra—
MinimiLaILO
Litirayj 11EiFJ3 -TOW
MI N IRS Ira
101011=1121
0111111111INEWREM"
tlPessngenTeTmmallDINIM150155
NNmmmLpk-77:w--Wjl1111111111112111112,1111 Ila1921
000LSawS ffcfi =-- IIMI = 11111111111MI M
17MR-TOMR
SC10
I. OTHER: AGRICULTURE
I. OTHER: AUTOMOTIVE
X—atoL ICAIIaI = IWIuI
Z W-*WSaa 1011RIMINIE5
00112-6--alm 101 =1 MIWJ
WRestSlap! I ESI = [BEIMI rl
I. OTHER: CIVIL SUPPORT
ka==FZetWri mjjf&IL
TS 'Hgli"Stlwd)IMIZILIffiEff
rt P"dica".Staben`IWrjZ LOFF& EM
Bdwa WERTURFOR01
N® ®1
TT
I. OTHER: EDUCATION
11212 C0UWIM2IMIIIZiMW&"1j
TS 'Hgli"Stlwd)IMIZILIffiEff
rw5=5 &MIMWWWOFI
Bdwa WERTURFOR01
I. OTHER: INDUSTRIAL
lute
L6 HER—T7a* mi,-EEEN RaRaN E
T—F— UFARETWW = witaWEi
7=6—W& FaZ*@N7n—F=T=—FEs,5
47MEW
a BY RIGHT
0 BYWARRANT
SWTCMVa 9.0
SMARTCODE TABLE 10. CIVIC SPACE
Kona
Uxrcmv 94 SC11
a: All
is in
subje
on foi
Kona
WXTCm Vu 9.0
SMARTCODE TABLE 12A. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T3
Kona
a 15 R from anter butof alley
Graphicsas MasbaCve only. Referto me6ks for
Sell and heightinformation.
N* stands ler any Stories above Base shown,
up bthe maximum. Rearto metrics for exact -
minimums and maximums.
BUILDING CONFIGURATION
1. Building height shell be mea-
sured in numberof Stories, exclud-
ing Abics and raised basements.
2. Stories may not exceed 1/ feet
in height from finished Boor to
finished ceifmg, except ler a that ------
floor Commercial function which 0 slew
must be a minumum of 11 B with jj==
Wmaximum. g
3. Height shall be measured to y
the esus or roof deck as specified
onTable 5.
SETBACKS -PRINCIPAL BLDG.
1. The Facades and Elevabons
of Principal Buildings shell be
distanced from the Lot lines as
shown.
2. Facades shall bebuilt along the
Principal Frontage to the minimum
specified width in the table.
SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING
1. The ElevationoftheOulbuikgng
shillbe distanced fromthe Lotthis
as shown.
PARKING PLACEMENT
1. Uncovered parking spaces may
be providedwithin the 2nd and 3rd
Layeres shown in Me diagram (see
Table 14d).
2. Covered parking shag be pro-
videdwitMnthe 3rdlayerasshown
in thediagram (see Table 14d).
3. Trash anaiars shall be sexed
within the 3rd Layer.
mw LaCma4on
AfM9lookCondwon
swnCa*Vw gee i SC13
TABLE 1213. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T4
BUILDING CONFIGURATION
1. Building height shag be mee-
sumd in numberof Stories, exclud-
ing Attics and mired basements.
2. Stories may notexceed 14 feet
in height from finished floor to
finished ceiling, except for a fimt
floor Commercial function which
must be a minumum of 11 It with
no maximum.
3. Height shall be measured to
the save or roof deck as specified
an Table 5.
SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BLDG
1. The Facades and Elevators
of Principal Buildings shall be
distanced from the Lot lines as
2. Facades shall be builtalong the
Principal Frontage tothe minimum
specified width in the table.
SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING
1. TheElevationsofthe Oumuilding
shallbe dishmeadfrom the Lot lines
as shown.
PARKING PLACEMENT
1. Uncovered pad5ng spaces may
be provided within the 3rd Layer
as shown in the diagram (see
Table 1".
2. Covered parking shall be pro -
codedwitlVnthe3rd Layerasshown
in thediagram (see Table 14d).
3. Trash containers shell be slated
within the 3rd Layer.
Kona
oimrtarx.amn
rn.
m.. xi56on
9a
SMARTCODE TABLE 12C. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T5
Kona
or 15 2 from center fineof allay
Graphics oro illustrative only. Referto metrics for
Setback andheightinformation.
Tl' stands tar any Stories above those shown,
up tothe n udnnun. Refer tometrics forexact
minimums and maximums.
BUILDING CONFIGURATION
1. Building height shall be mee-
suredinnumberofStories, aclud-
ing Attics and raised basements.
2. Storiesmay not exceed) 4 fear
in height from finished floor to
finished ceding, except for a first
floor Commercial function which
must be a minumun of 1111 with
no maximum.
3. Height shall be measured to
the am or roofdeck as specified
onTable 5.
4. Expression Lines shall be as
shown onTable 5.
SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BLDG
1. The Facades and Elevations
of Principal Buildings shall be
distanced from the Lot lines as
shown.
2. Facades shellbe built along the
Principal Frontage to the minimum
specified width in the table.
SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING
1. The Elevation ofthe Outbuilding
shall be distanced from the Lot lines
as slaws.
PARKING PLACEMENT
1. Uncovered pealing spaces may
be provided within the 2nd and 3rd
Layeras shownin thediagram (saa
Table 14d).
2. Covered parking shall be pro-
vided within the 3rd Layerm shown
in the diagram (see Table 14d).
3. Trash containers shall be stored
within the 3rd Layer.
nmr Lot
orxfition
id -Block
oMition
1e N W
Lynn Iqw lv
CwnwtmCaesCon
naaekaca,rem
SwwKaorweAxa.o SC15
SMARTCODE
Kona
TABLE 13: Special District Standards. The metrics for each column of this table (S01, SD2, etc.) are to be filled in for each Special District
as they currently exist, or as they are permitted. More pages can be added. Special Dstricts that do not have provisions within this Code shall
be governed by the standards of the pre-existing zoning.
7-7
RMNSI ai iXi E L1Rn4M !!xii•aa?
A. ALLUCATUX DE EDXES
C06'W"M I txrvri ^::'.%i11 4i843G2A6::4 Y3.Y %XeK ^t ! 7 >.`9.71: ._ 4i'L^
au7 F%
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E^TDDaR*.,W,11 X VXtNeT_"iOMW ! eaia6fEN+tµ!,u W v @` Y y+xxA,ReR 41Kffi92'16Ya!!R 1s
S. USERESIDE%MLOPUM
ID R1,MMYA IEXASw1,iiwwwh" It 1k .v +e. u3 `•••-«O•'•,••'A.a
Tel .fd txw7 , Iwl e'tB'R °Ria atd1S]ls+- e^a I .a#aa4".`='39 014 4 4is iR M51 iaMM+ adu ,•
r tMaha<nun'i ?%u, n, A. ,t1Pv4 IF74¢a1 eRerEAr'XrzwLL.i. Wn. LfgAi'R..t?Pfi Ru'!'9NP 4FbA+•iYS b. Pu"
EBLOCK $@
f aIRkw.SMA X .:nVTT.'+1+:5 M.;V X17E`r* b !' :. IY: • •"a-, w RX •. T 4 4.: {i!N'1 L`"JM" W°SaA4'.i Na9"TrhA
6THOROSUFARES
b xlli»!' e X r.W, IG.w&EU'Mi.+ X I hV6010 Sr"aY +• cs•X '7ft '* I ":To elb'M»AdllF i+>a5L q1. rt±
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OMN_f IEXiI RISftid"as r
J------------ AYMEhoom hxlex ar,N• E-t:b ^a#S Rm.9X•R'! bMnMedT'?1fSM1v1AIWAX%asswase,`ry+
iiy
E^CS E X'MQ*''i 'D+7'%ME tl4i.'A'•.,V 3Fn M.'S `V09sy4Y as 'M +'1Di'ew• 64 iffi: `g
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RMW 1®i. Xf WAd aIIPW Eslfh?f aVJe! YIL9FYAikd{g F.PIFARd?9F'sY E '•>a+6zMF3R6 - - 12 e; tY
t!MAILw^')!ice bX4"DwtY41?SiyBi(i ai"'` l:y '. u`2{5K5iR.r'tuv I F .,a,'k:P:u nil YIhL'iS` IpfRw Atlry E%..-1L. E^+`.ik lNf9Nia III Y0.l'^>,t •P. 9laMVaEnM EUTs, iwY>&rely NWJW I
I! IaHli'alllF Fx #a %sAr.tvwvwwq 1b c 4tvoeLVTiY
IY! a 1%LaXaz"zalaaxRs. - Giv: "{.
If ek&rima
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N®ia.wAms
WWc,
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lie-ailwl EX a WE 9,0 s9R aA:d19
IB eEpi6wrf txxliahX•ma1p2 e>d:alEaemrlfea k57ll th2Rtlek affrwiti'6hn ICv. 4.'sE'Ilay Xl1 x a.
c _ M !% RetlIMalNetli'u1;RX i 6kA+ e I dA SYkXR r
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fxwd !%
elir s eelaalerai
SLa a [x YR
een.aaYidaFirl lfOeeErlle
NSN _ YfinMWeFilliilMt
e':' ?Sev9fNilt::Y#Y E4'dTRa.;yp.XRrc des
a"" 35Ye9P.ii.'.h:a£9N case:'rAETC%!dRkaF
wt a^•
au7 F% e16a®C'4"i b Yr >:'k x . YL'A'i1}tbdl3' v
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I.IeRODID CDYGeIIrMll1
OMN_f I EXiI RISftid"as r ice. IW il>L''C2Si .. >' •eN3d1 l '..:d91e: Mtn iiy
COOEvbSM"
SMARTCODE TABLE 14. DEFINITIONS ILLUSTRATED
Kona
a. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS d FRONTAGES
b. TURNING RADIUS a. BUILDING DISPOSITION
d. LOT LAYERS a. FRONTAGE & LOT LINES
g. NETWORK PEDESTRIAN SHED
kwCMVCM SC17
Clustered Rural Subdivision. Guidelines
ATTACHMENT C
CLUSTERED RURAL SUBDIVISION GUIDELINES
Purpose and Intent. It is the purpose of these guidelines to provide a flexible procedure to identify
and preserve open space while maintaining the existing density of residential units for the overall
site area. "Neutral density" is achieved by allowing smaller individual owned residential lots that
include or are adjacent to aesthetically and ecologically important areas. Individually owned
residential lots and the importance of preserving rural open space is as follows:
A. Protection of significant ecological, cultural, scenic, recreational, and agricultural areas in
perpetuity;
B. Prevention of flooding, erosion, and water pollution, and protecting the quality and quantity
of drinking water;
C. Promoting a more compact form of development.
2. Applicability. These guidelines apply to a special type of "Planned Unit Development' (PUD) for
North and South Kona for lands outside the Urban Area zoned Agricultural, Intensive Agricultural,
Family Agricultural, or Rural -Agricultural. The guidelines supplement the requirements and
procedures for PUDs and subdivisions set forth in the Zoning Code, Subdivision Code, and
Planning Department Rules.
3. Review Procedure. The following procedures specify the role of the Design Center, and integrate
the PUD and subdivision review procedures.
A. Pre -Application Meeting at the Design Center.
Submittals. Be prepared to discuss the following 4 -step process:
a) Step 1: Delineation of Open Space Lands. Prepare an Existing
Resources and Site Analysis Map (Exhibit 1), prepared by a licensed
surveyor or engineer, that contains at a minimum the following:
1) Base information
i. Property boundaries
ii. All watercourses and other hydrologic features
iii. Topographic contours of no less than 10 -foot intervals
iv. Vegetation characteristics (e.g. Land Cover)
v. Existing infrastructure (road, water, sewer, etc.)
vi. Existing structures
vii. Identification of surrounding zoning, existing land use,
and ownership
2) Primary Resource Areas. The lands listed below are considered
to constitute lands that serve important ecological purposes and
possess beneficial environmental qualities contributing to the
health of the local community and shall be conserved and
protected to the maximum amount and extent physically possible:
i. The 100 -year floodplain and setback buffer as defined in
Chapter 27 Floodplain Management, Section 27-18(d)(5)
Ordinance 07-169).
ii. Slopes above 35% of at least 5000 square feet
contiguous area
iii. Populations of endangered or threatened species, or
habitat for such species.
iv. Important historic sites. .
3) Secondary Resource Areas. The following lands are considered
to have other intrinsic qualities of value to the community to be
protected to the maximum extent possible after all identified
Primary Resource Areas have been protected (Primary and
Secondary Areas collectively are referred to as "Open Space"):
i. Existing healthy, native forests of at least one contiguous
acre.
ii. Individual existing healthy trees greater than 14 inches
caliper measured at diameter at breast height (dbh)
iii. Other significant natural features and scenic viewsheds
such as ridge lines, peaks and rock outcroppings,
particularly those that can be seen from public roads
2
iv. Prime agricultural lands of at least five acres contiguous
area
v. Existing trails that connect the tract to neighboring areas
vi. Buffer around the perimeter of the tract a minimum of 25'
wide designed at a minimum to provide protection against
wildfires.
b) Step 2: Location of House Sites. Using Exhibit #1 Existing Resources and
Site Analysis Map as a base, show preliminary site plan (Exhibit #2).
House sites should generally be setback from Primary Resources and
Secondary Resources, taking into consideration the potential negative
impacts of residential development on such areas as well as the potential
positive benefits of such locations to provide attractive views and visual
settings for residences. Exhibits #24 do not have to be prepared by a
licensed surveyor or engineer.
c) Step 3: Alignment of Streets and Trails. Using Exhibit #2 as a base, show
proposed street plan designed to provide vehicular access to each house,
complying with the minimum standards for road design set forth in these
guidelines (see Section 4), and bearing a logical relationship to
topographic conditions (Exhibit #3). Impacts of the street plan on
proposed Open Space lands shall be minimized, particularly with respect
to crossing environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands and
traversing steep slopes. Street connections shall generally be encouraged
to minimize the number of cul-de-sacs and to facilitate access to and from
homes in different parts of the tract and adjoining parcels.
d) Step 4: Drawing in the Lot Lines. Using Exhibit #4 as a base, show lot
lines to delineate the boundaries of individual residential lots.
Site Inspection. Before or after the pre -application meeting, the staff may request
that the applicant arrange for a site inspection of the property by the Planning staff
and other County officials. The purpose of the site visit is to familiarize local
officials with the property's existing conditions and special features, to identify
potential site design issues, and to provide an informal opportunity to discuss site
3
design concepts, including the general layout of the designated Open Space lands
and potential locations for proposed buildings and street alignments. Comments
made by local officials or staff and consultants shall be interpreted as being only
suggestive. It shall be understood by all parties that no formal recommendations
can be offered, and no official decisions can be made at the site inspection.
iii. Meeting Outcomes. As a result of the pre -application meeting, the applicant
should have an understanding of the following:
a) Whether the Primary and Secondary Resources as shown are complete,
accurate, and acceptable;
b) Whether the disposition of the Secondary Resources are acceptable;
c) Whether the location of the house sites and street layout are acceptable;
d) Whether the lot sizes and number of lots are acceptable.
B. Site Plan.
Submittal to the Design Center.
a) Site Plan. The applicant shall incorporate any comments from the pre -
application meeting, and submit to the Design Center a Site Plan,
prepared by a licensed surveyor or engineer. The Site Plan shall be a
refinement of Exhibit #4 and meet all the requirements of a Preliminary
Plat Map set forth in the Subdivision Code.
b) Engineer's Report. Submit a brief report, prepared by a licensed
engineer, that discusses the following:
1) Access. Intersection requirements and sight distance for any
proposed roads that intersect a County or State road.
2) Water. Proposed water system serving the subdivision (source,
storage, transmission, distribution).
3) Wastewater. Proposed wastewater disposal system that meets
the minimum requirements set forth in these guidelines.
4) Utilities. Proposed power and communication system. If
connecting to grid, confirm adequate capacity. Address whether
any existing poles interfere with access or lot layout.
5) Drainage. Estimated stormwater flow generated by the project
4
and method of handling the flow.
c) Agency Review. The Design Center shall circulate the Site Plan and
Engineers Report to pertinent agencies and receive comments within 30
days.
d) Draft legal instrument for open space preservation. Submit an instrument
in draft form meeting the requirements in Section 5(a) below.
C. PUD Report. The Design Center shall prepare a report recommending approval or denial
of the PUD application, and set forth any conditions of approval. The report shall
reference and attach the Site Plan, Engineer's Report, and draft legal instrument for open
space preservation. If recommending approval, the Design Center shall instruct the
applicant to prepare a preliminary plat map consistent with the approved Site Plan and
meeting the requirements of the Subdivision Code.
D. Preliminary Subdivision Approval. Upon receipt of the preliminary Site Plan, the Design
Center shall transmit the PUD Report and preliminary Site Plan to the proper section of the
Planning Department that reviews subdivisions. The Planning Director shall make a ,..
decision to issue preliminary subdivision approval within 30 days of receipt of this package
from the Design Center. The Design Center staff shall monitor the status of review to +
ensure timely processing.
4, Standards
A. Density and Minimum Lot Size Standards. Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 205 shall
govern the minimum lot size. The permitted density shall be calculated based on gross
density of the existing zoning.
B. Open Space Standards. At least 40% of the tract shall be protected as Primary or
Secondary Resource Areas. Of this protected area, at least 75% should be a contiguous
area, and to the extent possible adjoin protected areas or candidate future protected areas
on neighboring property.
C. Road Standards. The design of private streets within the rural subdivision should seek to:
Provide an all-weather pervious surface or semi -pervious with a roadway minimum
width of 16' and 4' graded shoulder to enable pull -offs.
Minimize the number of cul-de-sacs. Where provided, minimize the amount of
5.
5.
impervious surface by limiting the internal turning radius to 35 feet. Use grass and
vegetation for the inner circle of turn-arounds, rather than paving the entire area.
Declare the Home Owner's Association (HOA) responsible for the maintenance of
the grassy area by covenant.
iii. Provide more than one entrance to the development and interconnect streets.
iv. Omit curbs wherever appropriate.
As an alternative to curbs and gutters, allow runoff from roofs and pavements to
pass immediately through grass swales or infiltration basins. Use plant material
that will absorb rainwater and act as a natural filter for oil and pollution.
vi. Provide marked, pervious paths for non -vehicular traffic within the development
and connecting to neighboring residential and commercial areas.
D. Wastewater Disposal Standards. The State Department of Health rules, policies, and
standards will govern wastewater disposal. Where onsite septic systems are permitted, a
septic system draining into a common leach field is permitted provided that a backup leach
field area of comparable size is provided should one leach field fail. The common leach
fields may be incorporated into the Secondary Resource Areas.
Ownership, Preservation, and Maintenance of Open Space. Open Space land shall be preserved
and maintained solely for the purposes as specified.
A. Legal Instrument. The method for effectuating such preservation and maintenance may be
one or a combination of the following:
Deed of conveyance to a Home Owners Association (HOA). If Open Space is
deeded to a HOA, the applicant shall record a declaration of convenants,
conditions, and restrictions, which shall include, but not be limited to, all of the
following:
a) They shall provide that the HOA will maintain and pay taxes on the Open
Space. The HOA shall develop a long-term rural plan for maintenance of
common areas. This plan should include examples of environmentally
friendly landscaping techniques for homeowners, recommend that at least
one member of the HOA receive training in or be conversant in, wildlife
habitat rural, enhancement, and maintenance, and assist homeowners
with site-specific information about indigenous habitat and diversity of
species.
b) They shall govern the use of the Open Space and restrict its uses to those
consistent with the intent of the Open Space as specified in the
development plan.
c) They shall run with the land in perpetuity.
d) They shall provide for a lien on the assessed property to secure
collections of assessments levied by the HOA.
e) They shall require mandatory membership in the HOA for all homeowners
in the subdivision.
ii. Deed of conveyance to a government entity, which shall state the restrictions
governing the use, improvement, maintenance, and preservation of the Open
Space as conditions to the deed of conveyance.
iii. Deed of conveyance with restrictive covenant or a permanent conservation
easement in favor of a bona fide land trust (or other nonprofit) for conservation
purposes and restricting development.
B. Approval and Recordation. All legal instruments used to permanently protect open areas
platted within the subdivision shall be executed by the developer and approved by the
County prior to approval of the final plat for the development. Upon approval of the final
plan and the legal instruments for permanent protection of the rural areas, the County will
record said documents with the Bureau of Conveyances or Land Court, as appropriate. All
fees associated with the recordation of plats and legal instruments will be furnished by the
developer of the rural subdivision or their agent.
KONA
t.oF„ Community Development Plan
OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK
County of Hawaii
Kona, Hawaii
Draft 2)
Introduced By: Donald Ikeda
Date Introduced: August 27, 2008
First Reading: August 27, 2008
Published: N/A
REMARKS:
Second Reading: September 10, 2008
To Mayor: September 23, 2008
Returned: September 26, 2008
Effective: September 25, 2008
Published: October 8, 2008
REMARKS:
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing BILL was
indicated above.
APPROVED AS TO
FOR ND LEGALITY:
DEPUTY VOIRPORATION COU1 ELCOUNTYOFHAWAII
Date SEP 2 5 2008
1lpprov, Disapproved his ;I.54fr- day
S 4AAk 20 08
AC%GMAYOR, C'OUNTYOFHAWAI'I
ROLL CALL VOTE
AY1$D8 SW)E96 ws9 Tx
Ford X
X
Higa X i,nEIC {i'. t i,r•rr..
X
Hoffmann X
Hoffmann
Ikeda X
Jacobson X
Naeole X
X
Pilago X
Naeole X
Yagong X
Pilago
Yoshimoto X
Yagong
9 0 0 0
ROLL CALL VOTE
AYES NOES ABS EX
Ford X
Higa X
Hoffmann X
Ikeda X
Jacobson X
Naeole X
Pilago X
Yagong X
Yoshimoto X
9 0 0 0
the County Council published as
Bill No.:
333 (Draft 2)
Reference:
C-1349.16/PC-90
Ord No.: 08 lat