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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMaster Plan of the City of HiloP L.., _ 0 OF THE U-117IM"yo U-11 Assistance in the preparation of this report was furnished by the personnel of Work Projects Administration Official Project No. 86- 1 -95 -14 BOARD TERRITORIAL PLANNING TERRITORY • HAWAII in collaboration with COUNTY :' SUPERVISORS COUNTY x February 1941 ADVIDATISI7B PUMI9HING CO., LTD. )aGNOLULU, $AWAII, U.S.A. CHARLES D. ROSECRANS, HONOLULU Chairman (Term Expires January 14, 194'5) LOUIS S. CAIN,a HONOLULU . Ex- Officio Member D. F. BALCH,e HONOLULU . Ex- Officio Member FRANK H. LOCEY, HONOLULU Ex- Officio Member KARL A. SINCLAIR,c HONOLULU Ex-Officio Member CHESTER K. WENTWORTH,' HONOLULU? . Member (Term Expires January 14, 1944) HART WOOD, SIB., HONOLULU Member (Terns Expires January 14, 1944) f ROBERT M. BELT, KAiAI Member (Term Expires June 13, 1943) HARRY A. BALDWIN,d MAUI Member A DAVID T. FLEMING,e MAUI Member (Term Expires February 13, I943) VICTOR B. HARREL, HAWAII . Member (Term Expires January 14, 1945) Director: JOSEPH F. KUNESH (to January 24, 1941) KARL A. SINCLAIR (beginning January 25, 1941) a Died September 2, 1940. u Appointed Superintendent of Public Works September 16, 1940. To January 24, 1941. a Resigned September 9, 1940. Appointed December 4, 1940. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, COUNTY OF HAWAII SAMUEL M. SPENCER Chairman REUBEN H. COCKETT . Member AUGUST S. COSTA .. Member JACK GREENWELL . Member i FRANK ISHII . ' . Member JAMES KEALOHA. . Member SAKUICHI SAKAI Member a Es- Senator James Kealoha, Sponsor of Senate Joint Resolution No. 12, 1939 directing and authorising Territorial Planning Board to prepare a Master Plan of Rile city. HILO CITY PLANNING ISSN WILLIAM E. MELARKEY chairman VICTOR B. HARREL . Ex- 0ficio Member SAMUEL M. SPENCER Ex- 0fficio Member a CLIFFORD BOWMAN . f THOMAS J. DAVIS 1 . . Member Member MASAO ICUBO lKember ROBERT S. MOIR Member E. L. WUNG . Member iQ0ay OR k4 JOSEPH F, KONESH, Diracfar Ra CHARLES D. ROSECRANS, Chairaum D. F. BALCH. Ex•Offido > 4 z FRANK H. LOCEY, R- Officia KARL A. SINCLAIR, Ex•Officia + ro CHESTER K. WENTWORTH, Oahu HART WOOD. SR., Oahu ROBERT M. BELT, Kauai TERRITORY OF HAWAII DAVID T. FLEMING, Maui n T L PLANNING BOARD VICTOR B. HARREL, Hawaii HONOLULU .January l6 1941 U. S. � IL . � To the honorable Joseph B. Poindexter, Governor and to the Members of the Twenty -first Legislative Session of the Territory of Hawaii*. Pursuant to the provisions of (a) Act 207, Session Lags of 1937" stipulating, among other duties and powers, that this Board is authorized "to prepare and take maps for the Governor, the Legislature and territorial departments and agencies, to make planning studies and surveys for draiwge, flood control and sewerage, building and housing conditions., subdivision control and other matters involved in the physioal development of the Territory or of any subdivision thereof * * ", and, (b) Act 21.1,., Session Laws of 1939, providing an appropriation of $3,000 for the Preparation for the 1911 Legislature., of a Master Plan for the City of Hilo, County of Hawaii, we take pleasure in transmitting the accompanying report and ;;naps, constituting the Master Plan of the City of Hilo, Hawaii. As part cif the ultimate Territorial Master Plan, this ,Tovni Plan of the City of Hilo, Hawaii is presented with the hope that, in addition to its local usefulness to the City of Hilo, it may be of future value as a guide to town planning in the Term tort'. Following planning practice in the States, it is believed that the Legislature will desire to pass enabling acts empowering the respective counties to adopt zoning ordinfL=es and to create local plarm�ng agencies as these are needed. We wish to record our appreciation of the very cordial cooperation of the Chairman and Members of ;the Board of Supervisors, the members of the Hilo City Planning Commission and other officials of the County of Hawaii and representatives of private interests, in preparing this Plan', largely made possible througd their whole- hearted'cooperation with the staff of this Board. It is recommended that the Board of Supervisors of the County of Hawaii now adopt such elements of this Master Plan, leaving flexible the Plan, itself, as will best serve the purposes of a larger -scale preoise Official Map of the City of Hilo, and that the project be based on considerations and afaalysis of the Director attached hereto. Respictfuny, E. L. WUNG, County Engineu Chairman and Members of the Territorial Planning Board Territory of Hawaii Honolulu, T® H. Gentlemen: SAMUEL M SPENCER, Cjiair=, TIEN6Ed H. COCKETT, Member AUGUST S. COSTA, Member JACK GREENWELL, Member FRaIlK ISH11, Member JAMES KEALOHA, Member SAKNICHI SAKAI, Membor Hilo, Hawaii March 26, 1941 During the 1939 Session of the Territorial Legislature a. resolution was introduced by Senator Fames Kealoha (nova a member of this Board) providing for the preparation of a Master Plan for the City of Hilo. Legislation was duly passed and the Territorial Planning Board was ordered to procabd therewith, At a meeting held on March 22, 1940 between this Board, the Territorial Planning Board, local civic bodies and interested citizens of Hilo, it was de- cided that a local Planning Board or Collaborating Committee should be appointed -and such a committee was officially appointed by the Chairman of the Board of Supervisors on May 11, 1940. Several meetings of the Hilo Panning Commission, the Board of Supervisors and interested citizens have bee5a held at various times with your Director and on February 26, 1841, a final agreement was reached, relative to the conditions and requirements of the Plan. We have .reviewed this Plan and being satisfied therewith have authorized the appropriation of five hundred dollars ($500.00) toward the cost of printing 2,500:copi,es of the report with the understanding that 1,000 copies are to be delivered to this Board for local distribution. At an early date after publication and distribution of the Plan, this Board will give careful consideration to the component parts thereof, with the view of adopting such parts as may be considered essential to our Official Map of the City of Hilo, and for such other uses as may be deemed advisable. Please accept our thanks for the sincere cooperation of your Board Members,. and Staff. Yours very truly, .. W9, E. MELARICEV, Chairman SAMUEL FA. SPENCER, Ex- i3Ricia VIC TOR 6. HARREL, Ex- fl(ticia ROBERT S. MOIR, Secretary U O CITY. PLANNING* COMMISSION COUNTY OF HAWAII HO HAWAII ' Chairman and Members Territorial. Planning Board Territory of Hawaii Honolulu, T. H, . Gentlemen., CLIFFORD H. BOWMAH, F,9mLv E. L. wUNG, member Y. I. DAVIS, A4cmbu DR. MASA0 KUBO, Memuzr Larch 15, 1941 The present Hilo City Planning Commission was appointed in January, 1941, for the immediate purpose of collaborating with your Board on the production of a Master Plan for the City of Hilo* The present Commission,, as well as our predeces- sors, held many meetings with the local civic assiciations, interested citizens and your Director; all available data.-was assembled and discussed -and the ideas of interested citi x 'ons were given all possible consideratioh., and at a final 'ZOOting on February 260 19419, -the present Plan was mutually approved. It is our belief that the PI)so as now presented offers the beat solution of Hilo ®s civic problems in the light lof present knowledge and probable future developments. While we realise that future conditions may require definite changes in the Master Plan, we firmly believe that the use of this Plan, together with the proper zoning ordinances, will guide civic development to a future City of which we may all be proud. Play we extend our sincere thanks for the real cooperation your Hoard Members and staff have given us. Yours very truly, rX sue' f . ��+ << ko HISTORIC BACKGROUND, —As an important seat of affairs on the Island of Hawaii, Hilo City has a history which dates back to the eighteenth century. After a period of wars, in August 1796, Kamehameha I subdued Chief Namakeha in the district of Hilo and became sole ruler of Hawaii Island. He lived here until 1803, after which he ruled his kingdom from Honolulu. Captain George Vancouver visited Hilo on his second visit to the islands on January 9, 1793, introducing more livestock and also built the "Brittania," the first ship built in the Islands. In 1837, Hilo Boarding School was established. It was in the year 187475 that Hilo succeeded Lahaina, Maui, as the second town in the Hawaiian Kingdom, according to W. D. Alexander's Hawaiian History. Passing through an era of moderate activity during the nineteenth century except for trade . with the whaling fleet during the latter years, the tidal crave. in 1877 and the lava flow of 1881 when lava came: as close as Kaumana, Hilo developed rapidly since the nineties. into a. progres- sive city. The first electric lights were. installed in 1890. Resi- dential subdivisions.. were opened up in 1897. Coffee growing was started in the Olaa section about 1897, but by 1899 this pursuit was absorbed. by the Olaa Sugar Plantation.. The present.. county .government. dates back to the year 1905. In 1909, the first paved stretch in Hilo proper was Built on Waianuenue Street. This was followed by;a gradual improvement of otherstreets. 9 The Twentieth century marked the development of Hilo harbor, and the city with, its growing industries, utilities and other facilities has become a business center for a vast hinterland which.extends from Puna to Kohala. PHiYSHOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND. —Hilo faces on the beautiful crescent- shaped Hilo Harbor and owes its de- velopment to the fact that this harbor is the best and most strategically located port on the ,Island of Hawaii. The City of Hilo has a fairly compact down -town sec- tion with residential sections radiating out along the prl- cipal original thoroughfares of two major axes. This natural geographic lay -out, resulted in the establishment of the present city limits by the Legislature in 1911, with an area of about nine square miles. Towards the east Hilo has developed along the sea shore on Kalanianaole Street to a distance of about 5.5 miles from the Civic Center, or about three miles beyond the city limits. Ki- lauea Avenue, to the south, has been developed to a dis- tance of almost four miles from the Civic Center, or about two miles beyond the city limits. The developed part of Kaumana Road extends southwestward almost five miles from the Civic Center, or about 2.5 miles beyond the city limits. Piihonua Road has been built up to just outside of the city limits, or about 2.7 miles from the Civic Center. Northward the residential on the north side of Wailuku. River extends to only about a half mile from the Civic Center. Outside of the central part of the city there has been little urban development in the sectors between the principal streets. The City of Hilo has been built on comparatively re- cent lava flows. Consequently in much of the area soil is thin or entirely lacking. The most recent lava flow, that of. 1881, came to a stop within three - fourths of a mile of the Civic Center. Most of the urban area is below an altitude of 100 feet above sea level. However, the land rises in a westerly direction so that the highest part of the city, along Kaumana Road is at an altitude of about 1,200 feet. The largest stream in the Territory, the scenic Wailuku River, passes through the northerly part of the City near the Civic Center and enters Hilo Bay. This River is the source of the municipal water supply and part of the City's electric power. Approximately at the middle of the City is Wailoa River which also enters Hilo Bay. This River is spring -fed and has its sources within the urban area. Hilo is on the windward side of the Island and is ex- posed to the prevailing trade - winds. As a result of the high mountain mass rising to nearly 14,000 feet behind it the rainfall is heavy, the annual average exceeding 137 inches. Consequently, the underlying lava rock being highly porous, there are numerous springs eastward along the shoreline from Wailoa River to beyond the urban area. The abundant rainfall causes vegetation to grow luxuriantly.. Even the lava flow of 1881 bears consider- - able so that. Hilo: is distinguished as a City with a beauti- ful geographic background, Hilo Harbor' has..been improved so that it can accom- modate all except the Iargest of ocean liners. It has a breakwater over 10,000 feet in Iength. The inner harbor, called Kuhio Bay has been improved by dredging so that it has a minimum width. of 1,400 feet, length of 3,800 feet and depth of 35 feet.a POPULATION. —Prior to 1910, the exact population figures of Hilo City proper are not Known. About 1850, there were estimated to be about 1,500 people living be- tween Puueo and Waiakea, the area which is now Hilo City. Until about 1880, this population remained prac- tically unchanged. Since 1880, Hilo City has grown healthfully until today its population is 23,351 (U. S. 1940 Census). Census Year Population Increase over preceding census Number Poreent 1910 ......... 6,745 .... .... 1920......... 10,431 3,686 54.6 1930 ......... 19,46,8 9,037 8616 1940......... 23,351. 3,883 20.0 The 1940 population of 23,351 as divided by U. S. cen- sus tracts is as follows: Census Popula- Area Density follows- Location tract tion (acres) People /acre Density /acre Keaukaha, Waiakea -kai H -3 2,964 1,300 2.28 Villa franca, Piopio, Waiakea Homesteads (port), Waiakea House lots H -4 9,886 1,550 6.38 Fume, downtown Hilo, Piihonua, Kaumana H -5 6,401 3,450 1.86 Wainaku, waiakea Homesteads and out- lying saebions H -6A 4,100 21,050 .19 Total 23,351 27,350 .86 The foregoing tabulation indicates the observation that there are areas that are densely urban along the coast, as well as very sparsely settled agricultural and unde veloped areas in the outlying sections within the city. limits. LAND. — Within the total area delimited by the U. S. Bureau of the Census as the City of Hilo for purposes of the 1940 census, we find the following classification of lands: ' "The Ports of the Territory of Hawaii," Corps of En&eera, U. S. Army, Revised 1935. X-ASTE' B PLAN HILT ?, Hxr.Air Classification of Lands ht 11110 in Aere$° _ Acreage Pere stage Territorial Values by ownership Qovernment] ands Residential ....................... 6,055 2 .1 w Ga 120 .4 Industrial ......................... 190 .7 Total ......................... 6,365 23.2 Open areas: Improve Monts Total Rands and streets .................. .¢°' 2.2 Parks ........................... w 1.0 Airport ................. .......... chi r •^ National Guard rifle range........... 995 pct 9 a Agricultural and unused ............ mw ➢ =y q a .. 20,965 76.8 9,900 3.3 1,752,487 2,288,671 4,046,106 853,580 196,100 549,680 1,393,857 2,092,571 8,491,428 ., H ,VC 1,400 iY3 v O m e3 �' WSJ C 'W O 1,844,428 O Q C O P O G G .13 Em t� L!7 ul�. 32,171 315,532 132,877 248,886 E 0 TiJ Fa H !?° F4 2 -1 (portion). 6,500 125 13 23 139 1,314 2,225 3,839 ... 2,122 19 5,990 92 520 2 -2 (portion). 3,000 74 247 31 111 28 103 594 3 667 ... 1,264 42 1,736 2- 8......... 1,400 159 17 39 21 44 101 381 125 ........ 1 507 4 893 2-4 (portion). 7,550 2,882 1,199 57 ................ X9,094,639 186 4,324 1 ................ $4,837,831 4,325 57 3,225 2 -5 (portion) . 4,850 368 38 4 2 ........ 614 1,026 3 ....... • • ....... 1,029 21 3,821 2 -6 (portion). 4,050 585 ........ 3 ........................ 588 ........................ valuesa 27,350 588 15 3,462 Total.... 27,350 4,198 1,514 157 273 1,386 3,239 10,752 132 2,7S9 20 13,693 50 13,657 a From records of the Territorial Tax Office. b Includes Right of Purchase Leases, Special Ilomestead Agreements and Special Sale Agreements. The above table shows that half of the total area of Hilo, or 13,657 acres, is government owned. Of the gov- ernment -owned lands 1,968 acres are for government or public uses. This comparatively large area includes a National Guard rifle range of 995 acres and the Hilo Air- port of 233 acres. Most of the acreage (4,193 acres) under General Leases is used for growing sugar cane or pasture. Also a large number of small lots are leased for home - sites, business, etc. Flight of purchase leases, special homestead agreements and special sale agreements are forms of occupancy in which, eventually, title to govern- ment land passes to private ownership. There are 1,514 acres in this category. Of the 2,789 acres of Hawaiian Homes Commission land, 357 acres have been developed and occupied as homesites, the remaining 2,432 acres being unused. The total unoccupied and unused govern- ment land is 5,661 acres, or 21 % of all the land in Hilo. The present use of the land is as follows: The high percentage of the residential area, in compari- son with the business and industrial areas, is the result of a large number of residence lots obtained from the government of one acre or more in area and a further large number of more than a half acre in area. The 69.1% of agricultural and unused lands is highs -the result of the development of the urban area outward along the principal thoroughfares with the sectors between remain- ing undeveloped. The present unit values of land are derived from the Territorial Tax Office valuation. The spotty nature of these values is indicated by Plate 7. From the same source is prepared the following tabulation of aggregate I See "Existing Urban Resources and Facilities of the Territory of Hawaii," page 334. values of Iand and improvements in the area delimited by the 1940 Census of Hilo: Thus the total present estimated value of real estate, including improvements' s; is $15,490,891, which is equiva- lent to $663 per capita. The government -owned portion of the land with appurtenant improvements represents 32.3% and the privately -owned portion 67.8% of the total real - estate values. Of the land values, the government - owned portion is 29.7 %, while the privately -owned por- tion is 70.3 %. Thus the government interest, mostly Ter- ritorial, is roughly one -third of the total value of Hilo City. # WATER. -The entire urban area of Hilo City is served by a municipal water system and two plantation systems. The principal source of water is the .Wailuku River. A ditch which diverts water from Kapehu Stream, a branch of Wailuku River, empties into the River above the in- take. There is also an intake on Kahoma Stream, another branch of the River. To augment this supply, the Kau - mana Springs were developed. In 1938 the system con- sisted of the three intakes mentioned above, five reser- voirs with a total capacity of 2,840,000 gallons, a chlori- nator, and 35 miles of water mains varying in size from 16 inches to 4 inches.b In the same year water was de- livered to 2,431 servicesb of which only 20% were metered. The amount of water consumed in 1937 was 1,273 millions of gallons from the Wailuku River and 606 millions of gallons from the Kaumana Springs. Delivery of water is by gravity to all parts of the City, the lower intake for River water being at an altitude of 1,250 feet above sea level and the Kaumana Spring intake being at an altitude of about 400 feet. The system is operated by the Bureau of Water WorkS, County of Hawaii. The plantation sys- tems serve more than 900 homes. As stated above, Hilo City has a high rainfall, the an- nual average exceeding 137 inches and the maximum for 24 hours being 19.2 inches. However, as the land surface has a fairly steep gradient, the water runs off rapidly. The result at times has been an insufficient supply for the needs of the City after protracted periods of drought. A serious drought occurred during the first part of 1940, when it was found necessary to turn flume water into the system and to curtail the use of water by consumers. n First Progress Report, Territorial Planning Board, page 276, 1939. Acreage Pere stage Built -up areas: Values by ownership Qovernment] ands Residential ....................... 6,055 2 .1 Business .......................... 120 .4 Industrial ......................... 190 .7 Total ......................... 6,365 23.2 Open areas: Improve Monts Total Rands and streets .................. 590 2.2 Parks ........................... 275 1.0 Airport ................. .......... 235 .9 National Guard rifle range........... 995 3.6 Agricultural and unused ............ 18,890 69.1 Total ......................... 20,965 76.8 The high percentage of the residential area, in compari- son with the business and industrial areas, is the result of a large number of residence lots obtained from the government of one acre or more in area and a further large number of more than a half acre in area. The 69.1% of agricultural and unused lands is highs -the result of the development of the urban area outward along the principal thoroughfares with the sectors between remain- ing undeveloped. The present unit values of land are derived from the Territorial Tax Office valuation. The spotty nature of these values is indicated by Plate 7. From the same source is prepared the following tabulation of aggregate I See "Existing Urban Resources and Facilities of the Territory of Hawaii," page 334. values of Iand and improvements in the area delimited by the 1940 Census of Hilo: Thus the total present estimated value of real estate, including improvements' s; is $15,490,891, which is equiva- lent to $663 per capita. The government -owned portion of the land with appurtenant improvements represents 32.3% and the privately -owned portion 67.8% of the total real - estate values. Of the land values, the government - owned portion is 29.7 %, while the privately -owned por- tion is 70.3 %. Thus the government interest, mostly Ter- ritorial, is roughly one -third of the total value of Hilo City. # WATER. -The entire urban area of Hilo City is served by a municipal water system and two plantation systems. The principal source of water is the .Wailuku River. A ditch which diverts water from Kapehu Stream, a branch of Wailuku River, empties into the River above the in- take. There is also an intake on Kahoma Stream, another branch of the River. To augment this supply, the Kau - mana Springs were developed. In 1938 the system con- sisted of the three intakes mentioned above, five reser- voirs with a total capacity of 2,840,000 gallons, a chlori- nator, and 35 miles of water mains varying in size from 16 inches to 4 inches.b In the same year water was de- livered to 2,431 servicesb of which only 20% were metered. The amount of water consumed in 1937 was 1,273 millions of gallons from the Wailuku River and 606 millions of gallons from the Kaumana Springs. Delivery of water is by gravity to all parts of the City, the lower intake for River water being at an altitude of 1,250 feet above sea level and the Kaumana Spring intake being at an altitude of about 400 feet. The system is operated by the Bureau of Water WorkS, County of Hawaii. The plantation sys- tems serve more than 900 homes. As stated above, Hilo City has a high rainfall, the an- nual average exceeding 137 inches and the maximum for 24 hours being 19.2 inches. However, as the land surface has a fairly steep gradient, the water runs off rapidly. The result at times has been an insufficient supply for the needs of the City after protracted periods of drought. A serious drought occurred during the first part of 1940, when it was found necessary to turn flume water into the system and to curtail the use of water by consumers. n First Progress Report, Territorial Planning Board, page 276, 1939. a Tax Office assessed values of land multiplied by two. Estimated Total values Values by ownership Qovernment] ands Private lands Tax office Area in population plat acres 13y plats Per acre Land Improve- ments Total Land Improve Monts Total Land Improve - ments Total 2 -1 (portion) 6,500 3,100 0.48 X1,135,359 $2,276,940 $3,412,299 $775,535 $1,763,184 $2,535,719 $ 359,824 $ 513,756 $ 873,580 2 -2 (portion) 3,000 9,900 3.3 1,752,487 2,288,671 4,046,106 853,580 196,100 549,680 1,393,857 2,092,571 8,491,428 2.8 1,400 4,750 3.4 2,431,917 3,575,458 6,007,375 583,793 1,260,635 1,844,428 1,848,124 2,314,823 4,162,947 2 -4 (portion) 7,550 1,000 .13 416,238 280,557 696,795 288,361 32,171 315,532 132,877 248,886 381,263 2 -5 (portion) 4,850 1,000 .21 65,218 120,375 185,588 49,357 19,908 69,260 15,856 100,472 116,328 2 -6 (portion) 4,050 3,600 .89 1,083,726 552,638 1,636,364 1,483 7,417 8,850 1,082,298 545,221 1,627,514 Total with assessed values 27,850 23,850 .86 $6,884,S90 X9,094,639 $15,984,529 $2,047,059 $3,279,410 $5,326,469 $4,837,831 x§5,815,229 $10,653,060 Total with estimated valuesa 27,350 23,350 .86 $13,769,780 $9,094,639 $22,864,419 $4,094,118 $3,279,410 $7,87'u,528 $9,675,662 $5,815,229 $15,490,893 a Tax Office assessed values of land multiplied by two. 14 HAT AXI— TEBBITO,RIAL PLANNING BOARD At the time of this writing (February, 1941) similar drought conditions are again prevailing. The Hilo Board- ing School has prior rights to a certain rate of flow of water in. the Wailuku River which the City must pur- chase when its own requirements are not met by the flow of the River. There are large supplies of ground water available as EDUCATION. —There were in 1940, 12 public schools and 3 private schools with an enrollment of approximately 7,500 pupils within the limits of Hilo City. There were also 4 private kindergartens with an enrollment of ap- proximately 300. (See Publication No. 6.) Public Schools evidenced by the springs which feed Wailoa River and exist along the shoreline in the Walakea section of the City. Also, high -level tunnels have successfully developed water in upper Waiakea: DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CONWROL.g -Due to the nor- mally high rainfall, ,. the problem . of drainage acid flood control is, and has been for some time a very: pertinent element in:Hilo'S welfare. Over a. period of years -..a partial solution has rbeen effected,'but such epoch- making. ram-.. falls as that of March 2,.1939, prove that. Much remains to be done in the way of a major flood: control proikt if. Hilo is to be adequately; 'safe - guarded: "Suppl®menting Wain_ lama:: Canal,'Waialama Conduit (constructed in 1926).:and other older units.in.':the system, are::the recently completed (1940) Hilo :Theater storm drain and the..48" concrete storm::- drain. along Mamo Street. through Mooheau Park to the Bay (1941). Proposed .plans call for the construc- tion of a: number of other. units to; complete this; program, and a. discussion of these appear elsewhere in.this report. is RECREATION. — In the _ city area there. are 19 county parks :.:and 2::Hawaiian Homes: Commission parks totaling 273 acres. This area is somewhat less than the recom= mendd 15 %.b Wailuku River Park has been . reduced from. . 236,to about 5.3j2 acres by withdrawal of. land by the Territory for leasing €o: a sugar plantation.':: To make matters.worse, much..of. the park :.and playground area is undeveloped: and unusable: The. 56-acre Wailoa River Park is entirely, undeveloped.. However, as funds becdme available, .park areas are gradually being im roved by the. 'County. ailthorities.:.Although Hilo -has rev ral. miles of shore -line practically all'. of it is rocky.: There axe: no good:: beaches in the:.: City nor within many miles of: it: Frequent rains :.]make indoor- sports facilities necessary provided by: the. Armory, 'several gymnasiums . a. t Hilo Center and. the schools. 'Hilo Center which is supported largely, by ; Hilo Boarding.: School,. is active in : organized we have . beea: fortunate in securing. he assistance m this ':analysis,' of Mr.iMerel;'S. Sager, Park Planner, Nab tional:Park Service. His views accompany this .report..:: . HEALTH AND SAFETY—Hilo Hilo has a county- operated . sewer'; system ,which empties through an outfall: at the mouth of the. Wailuku River into 'Hilo Bay.... In addition to the county system a private system:. serves plantation homes.that are within the Hilo.urban area. In 1938 there were '631 homes served by the county system. and 147 homes served by: the plantation system.Q Numerous cess- pools : provide additional sewage - disposal facilities. Ins dustrial waste from two sugar mills; a cane products fac- tory .and a ` tuna cannery;. ' amounting to ` from 9 to.. 25 million gallons per: day of. liquid.'waste and from 10 to 15 tons per day of mud press, was: disposed.of.into a cess- pool, the Wailoa River: and the Ocean in the same years In 1938. there were nine hospitals in the City. The Ter - ritorial Board of Health maintains an office and a labora- tory with a staff that includes a health officer, a division supervisor of sanitation, :public health nurses,' a bacteri ologist.with.'nsistants and clerical personnel. For police, purposes and traffic control there are in Hilo City . police call boxes, flasher call lights. and 70 motor vehicles of•which 25 are equipped with radios.. The fire department has:. one station and 10 motor vehicles of which 4 are apparatus trucks. a Data from William Chun, Proied Engineer, e See 'Dxisting urban Resources and Facilities of the Territorq of Hawaii," Territorial Planning Board, page 834. Data from the Territorial Board of Health. Name Grades 1940 -1941 Enrollment Acreage Pupils /acre Haaheo ......... 1 -6 228 3.40 65.6 Hilo High .......... 10 -12 1,802 15.00 120.2 Hilo Intermediate ... 7 -9 1,582 12.14 180.4 . Hilo Standard .... , . 1 -6 377 5.81 65.0 Hilo Union ........ 1 -6 729 5.77 126.2 Kapiolani .......... 1 -6 658 22.71 2910 Kaumana. .......... 1 -6 107 2.40 44.6 Keaukaha ........ 1 -6 172 6.00 2817 Fiihonua ... 1 -6 81 1.82 44.5. waialcea -€cat 1 -6 582 16;65. 32.0' Waiakea -ulm . 1--9 200 6.70. 29.8' WaiaLca=waena. ...... 1 -6 185 10.00` 18:5: Total:.. ..... ::... _. 6,648 .. 108:40 61.2, Of the 12 public schools, 6 :schools serve the urban population and are located within one mile of each .other in the downtown area." (See Plate 1.). The remaining 6 schools are located in the outlying sections serving sub - urban.and rural, agrJ ultural' needs.. GOVERNMENT. Legally the geographical limits of the City. of Hilo, as set by' -. the Legislature, extend from the mill of the Hilo Sugat Company to .the north, to between Kaahumanu and Kaniaile Streets to: the west, to'Kawill Street to the south . and .to. Kauhane' Avenue to the east. The Legislature has. given the County Board of Super -- visors power to create a City' Planning. Commission whose authority is confined ` to . this specific area: Hilo . is "t% e county` seat "'and the government is: administered by the County' within the South Hilo Judicial District subject to the usual County, Territorial and Federal legislation. ZONING AND. HOUSING.—In .1929 the..::. Legislature enacted a Iaw which: gave: the. Board' of Supervisors the power to create. a City Planning., Commission "to be charged .with. the duty of formulating rules and plans to regulate .the future growth, .development. and beautifi cation of the City of .Hilo in its public' and private.build- ing, streets, roads, •grounds and vacant. lots, and to: per, H 0 C] z H d R p 0 A' m Ko d O H U] W O Ha f� CD cF p� a' ca Uq w, 0 w THE NEED OF FLOOD CONTROL Upper left: Furneaus Street. at Kamehamelta Aventte on March 2, 1939. Upper right: Kilauea Street at Rawili Street on April 8, 1938. Lower left: Warehouses damaged by rain on February 9, 1939, and later destroyed by the hood of Marelt 2, 1939. Lower right: A scene at a Sugar Mill Camp on February 9, 1939. Photographs furnished by William H. Chun HAS TER PLd the Legislature- mandated Master Plan. Housing in Hilo City appears to be nearly adequate as a recent offer by. the Hawaii housing Authority to con - struct a. low -cost. housing unit in the City, although ac- ceptable to . the. Board of Supervisors, was opposed by the Chamber: of. Commerce of Hilo City on the grounds that it was not. needed: More recently, as of the time of this writing,. the .Chamber of Commerce had withdrawn its objection and a special study was under way to deter - mine the need of'such a unit. The city was divided into' the following Use Districts, I:rindustrial Districts, ..2. Noxious Industry. Districts. 3.Business Districts. 4.: Hotel and Apartment :Districts. 5. Residence Districts, single. and multiple family dwellings. . 6. ' Residence Districts, single - family dwellings A: preliminary release of the U. S.''Bureau of the Census' states that in 1940 there were 4,900" dwelling units:; in the City. PUBLIC WORKS... - The .public improvements. in Hilo City include the water supply system and the sewer sys- tem described' above,; about 98 miles of roads and. streets mostly.surfaced;.an airport .:a.. harbor -with a.2- mile:.break -. water, and three piers with a total area of 2731546;square: feet. Also there are :many:public buildings'. of which the following are: the most important..posto ffice, . customs 'house :(under : construction), tax office, .armory, public` library, health building, . county office building, fire sta= tion, police station and numerous others including schools, hospitals; parks; garages, etc. TRANSPORTATION. -- The Port ° of Hilo. .been.. . de -': veloped to accommodate large ocean going vessels. In . the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, the numt)er of .trans - Pacific vessels that called: at Hilo .was 200 which brought. .in 206;440 tons of cargo and 482 passengers', and .took out 263,576 tons .of cargo'': and 482 passengers.a These were almost entirely cargo vessels.as passenger ,vessels usually make .. calls. only. at Honolulu. These data do not" include rater- island sailings nor the':numerous calis;'of naval ves Regular steamship, service to other Island Ports .is pro vided . by the ':Interisland :. Steam : Navigation Company. with three sailmgs per week during'; the summer months acid two sailings pe.r.',We.ek for the :remainder of the. year. The U: S. Army operates a :small transport for military, personnel between Honolulu "and ;Hilo with.. one sailing per week. Hilo :is served by.. the Hawaii Consolidated Railway, Limited , with: =shops and headquarters at'.Hilo, whi.d)I In 1939 hauled 439,193. tons of freight and 26,9.79. passengers,b :: the bulk of :which traffic. was to or from Hilo. Hilo`has.no street -car or bus system operating under.. a' franchise. Intra -city transportation is provided by taxi= cabs and a large fleet of small busses,. frequently 'called "sampans " Many'of them.. are owner - operated and: nearly'' all of.. them. render non - scheduled' service. There are '. scheduled bus services from.. Hilo •to other towns and villages on Hawaii. Hilo Airport, which` is within the, urban.:area; contains 233 acres of. land. Service to'and from Honolulu'is daily by the Inter=Island Airways, Limited. Growth `:of this service is indicated by the following traffic data 1938 .1940 Express carried -pounds .. 54,465 46;038 Excess- baggage enrried, pauuda. 10i400 22,011 Number of, passengers ' 6,555 11,175 COBEWLTNICATION. —The: Hawai Telephone System of the Mutual. Telephone. Company. ; has. its. main. plant in Hilo. In 1940.: the City area. ;.was. served by 697 .business q Annual Report of the Board of Harbor Commissioners, 1939. , ; Public ':Iitilities.Commission' Exhibit . "b'," Schedule No. 7. r Front Interdslaad Airways; Limited.' N —HILO, HAWAII 13 and 1,098 residence telephones and 18 private exchanges There are in the city seven transmitting radio stations. One is operated by the Mutual Telephone Company and transmits by radio telegraph and radio phone. It is the only one used commercially for sending. messages. KHBC is a' broadcasting station. The other five stations are operated, for.. special purposes by: Civil Aeronautics .Authority, Inter - Island Airways, U. S. Navy, Hawaii National Guard and the Police Department. Postal receipts for the year. 1938. were $72,057.85.° There 1s .a daily airmiiil..service between Hilo. and Honolulu. Ships carry mail at. least three times weekly to or from Hilo. The postrriaster`'reports the following annual busi- ness 1930 : 1940 Number of:money orders issued .......... 18,050 26,121 .Gross receipts from We of pastage stamps...... $42,612 $82,733 Value of money orders issued... . . . $253,005 $406,125 r®WEIL -- Within the urban area of Hilo are three com- panies generating electricity for domestic and commercial use. One: of these, the Hilo: Electric Light Company, is a public utility utith a system which 'extends along: the Hamakua Coast and ::also . up to the National Park. In 1937 this company. had three. generating plants using steam, water anti diesel 'power with an installed capacity of.5,489 KW.9 In addition; those parts of Hilo which are plantation properties are served. bys private plants of the yfTaiake.a..MM Company and Hilo Sugar Company. PUBLI. C. .T. ILITIES. In addition to :the public utilities described above .there is in Hilo the: Hilo . Gm Company: Development of .the. City is indicated :.by the following statistics.: of the.Cornpany: 1917n 1939 Miles of distributing mains. 14.87 43,601 Gras generated 'in cubic feet, per year 2,894,800 59,762;0001 Number of: consumers ........... 609 2,898, INDUSTRY: -- In thee First and Second. Fire Districts are the following businesses:lc Banks ..... 2 Factories: sausage, Mattress, poi.:.......... 8 Garages . ..........I .................... 24 Hotels 4 . Laundries .. 13 Offices ` 55, Restaurants:.. ............. 23. Shops: barber, shoemaker, etc ............... 63 . Stores ..... 119. Theaters 7 warehouses 11 Included within the city limits are parts of two sugar plantations and.; their mills which in 1939 manufactured 45,032 tons of sugar.' The only wall -board factory in the Territory is located here. In 1940 it manufactured 69;250,000: square; feet of wall- board: valued at $1,363,000 as compared with 31,105,000 square feet, and $7961404 in 1935.1'.: The Hilo Iron Works with a plant investment of $2503000. did.a gross :business. of .$625,000 in 1940.1 There is a fleet,: of :sampans: with:. headquarters in Hilo which m;1940 totaled 56: boats; :employed..186 crew, members and caught .34607647' pounds of fish valued at $238,598.13.0 Several of'the large Honolulu business firms have estab- fished wholesale:: houses in Hilo:. Four Iarge oil companies have. established.: storage and ` distributing facilities here. 'This development of :the .City, results from the fact that practically the entire Hamakua Coast. ' and I'i.ina' District are commercially tributary to the City of Hilo. d` Mutual.Telephone Compp an y . ' c Market Data, Hilo 7 rihune Heralds.. r.Mr D. A. .Devine.:, letter :ta director of February 10,,1941. . g Ter:'torim Planuing Board, First Progress itepart; page 297. it Territorial PlannSng Board; First Progress'Report; page 307. I Hilo Gas ::.Company,'Advertisement in Hilo': Tribune Herald, - Decem- her 30, 1940 page:: 43 1'Public Utilibie , s QOmmISSion, Exhibit ` F," Schedule:Ne; 19. %william'::J. Kimi, Aesistant;Building.Inspector, County of Hawaii, by letter dated May 16, 1940. ,.Manual of Hawaiian Semirities, 1940. Annual Reports,' Hawaiian Cane' Produets Company. n Annual Report, 1940, Irwin H. Filson; Director, Division of Fish and fame, Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry. THE PLANNED O By JOSEPH F. KUNESH, Directors KARL A. SINCLAIR, Direct07•e Senate Joint Resolution No. 12, introduced in the Legislatures on March 16, 1939, along with other special planning problemsd for reasons of expediency, was legis- lated as an item of Act 244, the biennial, Territorial Ap- propriation Act. Its salient provisions recognizing an acute situation, follow in order to record and define ac- curately the purpose and scope of this report and plan: SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 12 . PROVIDING FOR THE PREPARA'T'ION AND SUB- MISSION TO THE LEGISLATURE OF A MASTER PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OF. HILO, COUNTY OF HAWAII WHEREAS, it is planned to relocate the . library for the City of Hilo as well as other public buildings from time to time; and . WHEREAS, there is no comprehensive plan for. the development of the civic center of Hilo nor for the orderly growth of the city as a whole, now, therefore BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII: Section 1. That the sum of six thousand dollars ($6,000)4 is hereby appropriated out of. the general revenues of the Territory for the purpose.. of prepar- ing a plan, in conjunction with the board of super visors of the County of Hawaii, of the City of Hilo, with particular reference to the location for Terri- torial buildings and civic center. Such a plan to be submitted to the next legislature for its considera- tion and approval. Thus originated the first legislative provisions for a City Master Plan in the Territory outside of th City and County of Honolulu and the previous inad :quate legislation for the City of Hilo. The proPlem, while essentially an `esthetic one, is so closely related with considerations of the utilitarian aspects as to provide a model example in the field of planning. Although city planning, as determined by enabling acts, is or- dinarily a realm of the local unit of government, the present case has been relegated to a Territorial Board due to the fact that difficulties were encountered in the relationships , between the planning and legislative bodies of the government of the City of Hilo. It is to be noted, however, that the Master Plan is entirely a flexible instrument, and, in this case, is only advisory to the Legislature and suggestive to the County Board of Supervisors of such elements as may be deemed essential. and. necessary to their final precise Official Map, without the set -up of any legislative power within the authority of the planning body. ESTHETIC ASPECTS. —This Board has been extreme- ly fortunate, in the preparation of this Plan to coordi- nate and correlate the various factors involved in esthet- ic treatment, in the availability and kind cooperation of Mr. Merel Sager, bark Planner, National Park Service, working with us on the Park, Parkway and Recreational -Area Survey provided by National Law No. 770% and taken advantage` of'. by practically all of the States, including Hawaii. Mr. Sager's interest in the beautification of the City of Hilo dates back over a period of a decade and his conceptions and conclu- sions are based largely on his fitting of the various components of park planning . into a Hawaiian pattern. His analysis and suggestions, with significant photo- graphs, accompany this..report as a. separate. section. UTILITARIAN ASPECTS. — Utilitarian aspects, as in the case of our PIans for Hanapepe and Kapaa, include ° TD January. 24, 1fJ41. ° From January 35, 1941. By Senator James Kealoha. a Rapaa Master Plan, and Park, Parkway and Recreational -Area Study. ° Changed, and included in General Appropriation Bill, to :$3,000. the physical, the social and the economic in planning. In the previous section of this report are described the existing conditions including resources and pro- vided facilities in their various categories as estab- lished in our First Progress Report.' DESIGN. — Typical sections of streets, both business and residential (with comparative costs) are presented in an accompanying figure. HILO MASTER PLAN. —Of initial significance in the consideration of a Master Plan for the City of Hilo is the size of the City for which to plan: in other words, because of. its comparative isolation, the question of population trend is. most important, and studies were made; based: on a City within the sensible limits of from 30,000 to 100,000 population, dependent on the social and economic factors :which will control Hilo's large- area capacity. Because of the confining configuration, the planning. of Hilo. according to use districts becomes very important; as in the case of the City of Honolulu, since once industrial or commercial districts have been zoned for a given area, it becomes increasingly diffi- cult to expand these .limits. without resorting to unde- sirable "spot zoning" and. destroying the original rela- tiveness: of areas one to the other: . The studies made embrace the physical require- ments of the. area. within' and contiguous to the present City of Hilo witha view: of determining the pattern and lay -out of streets; parks; etc.; so that future ex- pansion could take .. place without the necessity of hap- hazard improvisations : for commercial and industrial areas within residential districts at a later date. The various studies. were.. for cities of 100,000, 50,000, 40,000 and 30,000 population, the four plans following approxi- mately. the "coordinate," "Y," "composite" and "mixed" patterns, respectively, to fit in each case the esthetic treatment providing for the civic center and park, parkway and recreational -areas within the City. After considerable deliberation with the Planning Collaborating Committee, a future city of 40,000 popu- lation was visualized and the corresponding "compos -. ite" pattern- was applied to the area required for this population. Significant observations in this study in- elude the fact that essentially Hilo is in composition a twa "ribbon',' community, following two axes: North and South, from Kilauea to Honokaa; and, East and West. along. Hilo Bay and along Wailuku Stream, with the intersection' in the vicinity of the present Civic Center,. and industrial and commercial area within the southern acute .angle of that intersection. The signifi- cance., of the crescent in the City's esthetic treatment is easily. apparent to even a novice in city planning, since it may be either obliterated by improper use or it may be exposed to full view and enjoyment of its inhabitants in its many districts. The Master Plan Map accompanying this report in- dicates an integration of the various ideas into one simplified whole of a future city of approximately. twice Hilo's present size. Provision for harbor facili-� ties are unpredictable and therefore are not included; in. detail in. this treatment. Significant is the assign ment. of areas to their several uses (industrial ,. busi- ness; residential and open areas, roads, civic center; parks, playgrounds and water areas). In connection with the plans for Hilo's Civic Center, it is essential that the policy and general design for this area be determined without further delay. .;..The decision as to its proper location is not difficult since the existing park square . (Kalakaua Park),. bounded by Waianuenue, Keawe, Kalakaua and Kinoole Streets, provides an ideal, logical and very necessary nucleus for the Civic Center. The new federal Building which faces upon .this...... public square was wisely placed, and it is to be hoped that other civic buildings as they materialize in the C Sop Table of Contents, First Progress Report, February 1939 MAST -ra PLAN—=Lo, IrAwAll future will follow suit. To further this plan, it would be well for the City to proceed with a program of acquisition of the property surrounding this parr square. Since the property must ultimately be utilized for civic purposes, it is an obvious economy to obtain it before further rise of land values occur. Financial returns could be realized by the City through the use of such land for other purposes until needed as sites for civic buildings, The use of the existing public square for anything other than its present park pur- poses, however, should never be allowed. Buildings of a civic or monumental type require a spacious setting, and the grouping of such buildings around an open landscaped area is the most economical and practical scheme. Hilo is indeed fortunate in having such a pos- sibility afforded. The site for the new library is sufficiently close to this civic center area to be considered as part of it. With the vacating of the present library building, changes in the location of various municipal depart- ments will occur; but these should not hinder in the ultimate execution of a long -range plan for a unified and attractive Civic Center. The priority in the con- struction of certain future buildings and the location of each within the civic center area are problems of -,2 Y Sin,I Lgee SOnlu4 . ffT.6obon. C„x.i¢ „Sink. 1Ttlean,e 1N ce ��..cc��.. 3-4. su. wn,t E.le `Fin I— WHO 9,4­9 ecels ix Teer ��r , It RELATIVE POSITIONS OF 0 r0 t M =y' PUBLIC UTJLITIES IN A FIFTY FCDTTYPICAL STREET SUSMM33 S�RE87S J 0 0 VALW Y io6' enJ¢ s2' D' IP•, A' lY IN L 3u I. A ti5 sEET STUET IS JUST AU UATS FOE LOCAL TRAFFM Ph A 6USY TOVN. IT PERMITS A 16 rr. SIDEVALU Oh £A[R 5I06 AND 36 t'E PAVEMENT FOR TWO VA24IM5 AND TV0 MOVING LANES. Z A STREET OF TFFTYSELT OR LESS 18 1t1ADEQUATF FOIL A 81/51111 STA. , IT PERMIT5 ONLY ON& MOVING LANE. 31 TO PERMIT OBLIQUL PAFUGIFtO TNG 69 x:GT STREET y IDnwe t la d s7' S 16' HAS To BE INCREASED TO 86 F£'ET Ely VIDT7{. LOCAL ANOpEUMUUM TRA1TIf. &- iOVLD4LQ r'e) AT LEAST 104 FCET' OF VIDTLI. is a strictly local character. Forethought should be given to such problems, but it is far more important at this time to determine the policy and general design of the Civic Center as an entirety, which, in fact, is the intent of this report. Attention is directed to Plate No. 11 of this report which shows the proposals involved in the future de- veIopment of Hilo's airport. As designed by the Terri- torial Department of Public Works, and as approved by the Civil Aeronautics Administration, these plans when carried out will convert the existing landing field into an airport of outstanding merit. The benefits which Hilo will derive from this improvement will undoubtedly influence the future growth and welfare of the City. In the planning of the Hilo of the future, adequate flood - control measures must of necessity be seriously considered in. order to protect areas into which ex- pansion is expected and to safeguard property and investments already developed. The drainage area involving flood - control problems covers approximately 112 square miles and includes the Puueo area as well as that of the Wailoa Stream and its tributaries. The Flood- Control Program as proposeda would consist a Data from William Chun, Project Engineer. r CcfsV PER LINEAR BOUVIDARV SCREED' T_ 9 X96 6' t6' au• 3 AO' as @TII•E�tlOR 5'I1EtE�T d � � 10.46 h � M �p. 1PUERPOR STREET $ 9.26 COURTESY OF= ® American SOCiety of Civil Engineers EDevelopment of Mariemont, Ohio" PAPER No. 1644 by F. H. Fay © Harvard City Panning Studies "Design of Residential Areas By Thomas Adams TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD 4.84 CPAW ACCESS WRE[T 2.86 ao' FoOrWA K S 144 •� V CROSS -SECTIONS Of STREET'S COURTESY OF= ® American SOCiety of Civil Engineers EDevelopment of Mariemont, Ohio" PAPER No. 1644 by F. H. Fay © Harvard City Panning Studies "Design of Residential Areas By Thomas Adams TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD 16 .A7,1II TERRITO£i£dL PLANNING EO .ARD of two types of projects: those to be financed by the County alone; and those to be financed jointly by the County and the Federal Government. In this connection, the United States District Engineer's Office has recently made studies which will determine the extent of Federal participation at this time. Should the District Office recommend the project it appears very probable that a Federal grant will be allocated. The program, as at present planned would include the following units, some of which are shown on the Master Plan accompanying this report: 1. An intercepting canal and dam to divert flood water intercepted by the Hilo Boarding School Ditch into the Waipahoehoe Stream. 2. A flood wall along the southeast side of the Wai- pahoehoe Stream from above the Punahoa Chlori- nation Plant to the Piihonua Park pavilion. 3. A storm sewer to intercept the overflow from the Waiolama Dam above Kinoole Street and divert it into Hilo Bay. 4. Improvement and addition to the height of walls along the Waiolama Sanitary Canal. 5. Reconstruction of the dam across the neck of the Wailoa River, and the installation of automatic flood gates to control the water level of Waiakea Fish Pond. 6. Improvement of Waiakea Pond by dredging, recla- mation of swamp land, building of flood walls and construction of adequate mooring (landing) strips for sampans and small pleasure craft. 7. The Waiakea flood- Control Unit (Kapiolani) con- sisting of open canals, together with the neces- sary intercepting ditches and intakes. 8. Intercepting dams and the development of reten- tion reservoirs in the Waiakea District and at Camp 7 to increase the subterranean flows. I 9. The widening and improvement of the entrance of Wailoa Stream. 10. Construction of intercepting canals in the Puueo District. Such a program obviously will require many years for its completion, and can only be realized with Fed- eral aid in a direct grant, and /or construction by the Federal Government under its Flood- Control Act. Cost of lands, damages to property, and minor construction work would be financed by the County. Of primary importance is, of course, the provision for major thoroughfares for Hilo's future development. The connection from Kilauea Avenue to Kalanianaole Street is a very significant improvement in this Plan to eliminate much of downtown Hilo's present traffic congestion of compelling traffic to East Hilo via Ki- lauea and Kinoole Streets through the City. Signifi- cant also are the various new major thoroughfares paralleling the West outline of Waiakea Pond and Wai- loa River, the continuation of Maile Street across Wai- loa River to Puumaile Street and the extension of Ka- lanikoa Avenue to Kamehameha Avenue. Waiakea Fish Pond presents a civic opportunity for Hilo to develop a water -way which would be one of the outstanding aquatic playgrounds of the Territory and a tourist attraction of the first degree. Flood - control planning can do much to alleviate what has possibly been a source of detraction of this nucleus of Hilo's potentially esthetic composition. The creation of cir- cumferential boulevards for Hilo will provide much enjoyment for residents and visitors as well. In fact the. various local civic organizations are to be com- mended for the preservation of their beautiful shore- line from the new Puumaile Home to Cocoanut Island. While. this chain of parks is brol4 �en by the industrial area surrounding the pier and harbor development (which, while essentially necessary can be landscaped and beautified), there appears to be no good economic background for the disregard of scenic values from Cocoanut Island..to Wailuku River which now, except for the limited green..areas, presents to the visitor an atmosphere of disorder in planning. As in the case of Honolulu pointed out by Lewis Mumford nationally famous planner, so in the case of Hilo, future expansion should provide for the filling in of open spaces for if axlmum returns on investment in utilities in terms of costs. per acre of land and per capita rather than a sprawling extension and finger- like growth so conspicuously an earmark of America's spoiled countryside. The hinterland of Hawaii is large —so large that its resources of potable water, equable sunshine, moun- tain scenery and potential tourist trade are sufficient to accommodate millions rather than thousands. Lo- cated on a peaceful sunny slope, delightfully cool be- cause of its continuous and well- oriented trade .winds, supplied with a large excess of now 'wasting ground - water and refreshing rainfall exceeding that of any Mainland city of the United States —a setting so dif, ferent, in fact, that it must be treated with a definite. view of providing for its visitors who will come in . increasing numbers to participate in its unique ad- vantages, rather than go ahead commercially bent for only "local" progress, —Hilo should view the immense profit which may be hers with proper organization and use of its scenic resources. THE MASTER PLAN AND ZONING Much has transpired during the past decade to cause an expansion and improvement in planning at all levels of our government. As a result, there are now in the United States over 2,000 municipalities having planning commissions or boards; over x,000 counties in the main- land have county planning commissions; over 1,200 municipalities have zoning ordinances; 46 states have created state planning boards and the Nation as a whole is served in the executive arm of its government by a National Resources Planning Board. An extensive bibliography of planning works is now available and has been freely used in our studies of planning and zoning in the preparation of this and sub- sequent town plans. In the following statement resort is made freely to quotation of abstracts from these sources with a view of presenting pertinent facts for our emulation of pro- cedure and technique commensurate with the concepts and progress of recent mainland planning and zoning development. PLANNING.—Planning is largely a matter of study and analysis of the resources of a community with the purpose in mind to anticipate its future needs and trends and to point the way to an orderly, development of the area. The dictionary defines a plan as "a de- sign," but a plan is not a static design for it is also a "method or scheme of action" with a "way pre- pared to carry out a design." Planning is active not static, positive not negative, constructive not restric- tive. John Nolen, one of the country's foremost city planners, has said: "With the smaller cities ... the case is simpler. Comprehensive planning or replanning may be to them of far - reaching and permanent service. There is scarcely anything in the smaller places that can- not be changed. In these cities, for example, rail- road approaches can be set right; grade crossings eliminated; waterfronts redeemed for commerce or recreation, or both; open spaces acquired even in partly built -up sections; a satisfactory street plan carried out and adequate main thoroughfares . established, by cutting new streets if necessary, and regrouping public buildings; and a park sys- tem, composed of well - distributed and well- balanced public grounds, definitely outlined for gradual and systematic development. Residential districts can be helped to be attractive and delight- ful by the determination of housing standards and 1 Lli F- J Q. oZ y e-x a s. d al �OM rya �I ! t -_J L_ - - - -- lg x n�yK w 0 to � t1 fl 16 Ib/Aligi o `� ,V a L 0 MASTERA PLAN-- -HILO, HATVAZI 1 1! E1 3 IE t ]r r r- 3`- '3tI1>n � d3'S ads I 1 4 r 1� I II 1 1r 1 r1 1 _...J -... __J I � � '3M1V 3N0'Hl1p7� J �1 11 J Wp �p � o Nw mw 112 as ly p W Q t� a n a o O 0 a o h o -j m wo mw !- on 0 0 U, u.. F- zzz ;D a¢� yoc z Gy m o< o m 00 m 7 -- MO QO M- X 0 CC 00 CL 0. mQ CD it Q (D I C' W � A i x ` � O fq q f- I ti r1 tt >r. � o, 1111 I oh �r a it l a w c p � u U A Mmi 17 ED cn K) I i 3w 0 i j i z 2 o a awa Z O Ir Z a w ti- w p O Z > BE � o q � Z is ,•," rr ryrr.r /,,l��iilir: %:::/ �:S:�rrrur, � — !:l:::iurri;'i:;ii:'1r:r „r.r CL _ — 1 O o-••:� =� IJr 11 3AV VnH3laONVN a VONINVIns O 0 Z a Y O '3AV r1dV)♦flVl a -�1 q E 3 0 13.1 •3AV ONOHVW � O NvVd m3A3N Ha7ivhi 4 C7 V tim 3 Z o •b t C7 Mmi 17 ED cn K) I i 3w 0 i j i z 2 o a awa Z O Ir Z a w ti- w p O Z > BE � o q � Z is ,•," rr ryrr.r /,,l��iilir: %:::/ �:S:�rrrur, � — !:l:::iurri;'i:;ii:'1r:r „r.r CL _ — 1 O o-••:� =� IJr 11 3AV VnH3laONVN a VONINVIns O 0 Z a Y O '3AV r1dV)♦flVl a -�1 q E 3 0 13.1 •3AV ONOHVW � O NvVd m3A3N Ha7ivhi is HAIYAXI— TEMBITORIAL PLANNING BOARD the prevention of undesirable building, and by street standardization in uses, widths and mate- rials. No argument is necessary to convince the most skeptical that a community which offers the most comforts and conveniences, from a living and business standpoint, is the most naturally adver- tised by its inhabitants and consequently becomes magnetic to others." ZONYNG. —A zoning ordinance is a vital element of city planning. It is a part of both city and community plan- ning, designed "to promote and protect the health, safety, morals, convenience, prosperity and general welfare of the inhabitants of the country." Legislation to permit cities to zone has been enacted in all States except Washington. Insofar as county plan- ning is concerned, however, we have even in a State such as New York, the present absence of power on the part of any county to plan, Ours. being a democratic country, the principles of self - government require that the legislative body which is closest to the people shall be the agency to give legal status to a zoning plan. Therefore, we do not have National zoning or State (Territorial) zoning; but we do have county (urban and rural) zoning and city zoning. However, it seems to be well established legally that even counties and cities are not permitted to adopt zon- ing regulations without an adequate grant of power from the State legislature. Since Hawaii does not have specific enabling legislation for general county plan- ning and zoning the question arises as to whether under our Organic Act, counties which desire to take advan- tage of planning and zoning will have to secure pas- sage by the Legislature of acts to authorize the use of such powers. In the States, counties and municipalities may adopt zoning ordinances only in accordance with the provi sions of enabling legislation... Unincorporated commu -. nities, if community planning commissions have been established in accordance with community planniiiig acts, may also take advantage of the municipal zoning act. Quoting _ from one of the many typical reports on modern zoning: "Zoning is a specialized process, more planning than law.; . Unskilled zoning. is likely, in the large run, to do more harm than good. It may lead to avoidable expensive legislation; may be ineffec- tive; may impose unnecessary or unwise restric- tion; or may fail to give protection where needed.... "County zoning will, of course, be, governed by the provisions of the special permissive legisla- tion. If the model enabling act is used, the zoning plan and maps must be prepared by the county regional planning commission and certified to the quarterly county court. The county court is re- quired to hold a public hearing thereon, notice of which must be given at least thirty days in ad- vance. Following the public hearing, the county court may, by resolution, adopt the plan. If the zoning regulations are enacted, the county court is required to create a County Board of Zoning Appeals of 3 to 5 members. For the enforcement of the zoning regulations, the county court is em- powered to establish and fill the position of County Building Commissioner, and the building commis- sion is authorized to withhold building permits un- less the contemplated use conforms to the zoning plan. "Under the provisions of the enabling legisla- tion, zoning plans for municipalities are to be pre- pared by the municipal planning commission and then certified to the chief legislative body of the municipality. A public hearing on the plan must be held, notice thereof of at least 15 days being required. After the public hearing, the municipal legislative agency may adopt, by ordinance, the zoning plan and make provision for its enforce- ment. At the same time it is empowered to create a board, of zoning appeals of 3 to 5 members. "The community planning act extends the pro- visions of the municipal zoning act to those un- incorporated communities which have established planning commissions in accordance with the ex- isting law. In that event, the county court is desig- nated as the chief legislative body of the commu- nity. "a The legality of zoning was settled by the United States Supreme Court in the Euclid Village Case of 1926. The decision rendered there "gave a summary of the history of the transition to a recognition of the value and necessity of zoning, but cases can still arise as to the reasonableness of the particular regulations." The Supreme Court held that: "(1) Zoning is justified under the police power; "(2) The legislative judgment must control unless clearly arbitrary as to the validity of the classi- fication; and "(3) A zoning ordinance must not pass the bonds of reason and bean arbitrary fiat. "b In his "Zoning," Bassett says: "The state legislature is the repository of the police power. The enabling act for zoning is the grant of this power to municipalities for regulat- ing the height, area and use of buildings and the use of Iand. In the exercise of this grant the regu- lations must be reasonable and not arbitrary or discriminatory." Thus, insofar `as Mainlantd. practice is concerned, be- fore any community; undertakes zoning it must make sure that it has the power' to. pass zoning ordinances. A general State enabling act passed by the State legis- lature is always desirable., , While the power to zone may, in some: States;' be derived from statutory home rule, still it is. seldom that` home rule powers cover all the necessary provisions for successful zoning. "Reasonableness ' .1 is easily the one most important guide -word in zoning progress. Zoning must recognize "nonconforming use." It must not favor any partic- ular private interests. Like planning, it is a very dynamic thing. It cannot be put away on the shelf as It completed provision. It has been aptly said that "eternal vigilance is the price of safe zoning." During the years 1926 -28, an Advisory Committee on Zoning of the U. S. Department of Commerce prepared "a standard State zoning enabling act" under which municipalities may adopt zoning regulations. This standard form of State enabling act for zoning has been adopted in whole or in part by many States and has been one of the causes for the spread of zoning throughout the nation. Having become one of the most important devices for making . planning effective, zoning was begun in this country by the State of New York in 1916. At the present time nearly three - fourths of the urban population of the United States live in municipalities which have adopted comprehensive zoning ordinances. Through law and ordinance, zoning is a recognition that all parts of an area are not alike and that the health, safety and general welfare of a community demand differentiation among them. Zoning has two aspects: legal and social. Legally, zoning is the reg- ulation of the use of private property for the purpose of "promoting the health, safety, morals, convenience, order, prosperity and welfare of the people." Socially, zoning is the expression of cooperative action of the citizens of a community "to stabilize and conserve values, to insure for the future the best use of land and to prevent the blight resulting from a mixture of harmful uses." In municipalities. zoning involves the . regulation of the "location, height, bulk, number of stories and size of buildings and structures; the percentage of the lot which may be occupied, and sizes of yards, courts and -Tennessee Planning Board: "Planning and Zoning Legislation in Tennessee " p. 13. n B, S. Departuaent of Agriculture, Ilivision of Land Economics, 3936: "Rural Zoning," P. 11. masfzm PL .AN— HI.L0, HAIR -.All other open spaces, the density of population and the uses of buildings, structures and land for trade, indus- try, residences, recreation, public activities and other purposes." Regulations are designed "to lessen traffic conges- tion; to secure safety from fire, panic and other dan- gers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the over- crowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population; to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public improvements." In unincorporated towns and villages, in areas ad- jacent to but beyond the boundaries of municipalities and in ribbon developments along the highways —and in rural areas — zoning has substantially similar ob- jectives. APPLICATION IN HAWAII. —It remains for legal au- thorities to establish the necessary degree of com- pliance with the above general Mainland pattern of the relationships of planning and zoning and our govern- mental setup with a view of distinction, if any, between the provisions of State sovereignty and those of our Organic Act, a law of Congress. We have as the opinion of the Office of the Terri- torial Attorney General the following: "Inasmuch as in a problem of this nature it is best that every vestige of legal doubt be removed, and inasmuch as it can best be handled under ex- press statute defining precisely the breadth and ' limits of the power, it is best that the matter be brought to the Legislature's attention. Hence, any opinion at this time would be premature. The problem has not actively arisen as yet, and it might never arise if the Legislature acts in the matter." Accordingly, with our desire to proceed constitu- tionally along these lines, a planning - zoning enabling act has been prepared and published in our -Second Progress Report (Publication No. 11). This suggested form of the enabling act is based on the most recent legislation now being evolved in State planning fields, and in the Mainland courts. Particular reference is made to pages 7 and 8 of that report in regard to its broader provisions. A bill has been prepared for the consideration of the Legislature as an administrative suggestion of planning- zoning enabling provision. In. view of the fact that the Legislature by an allot - tnent in the general appropriation bill provided funds for the preparation, by this Board of Master Plans for centers of population of the Territory, the mandate has the effect of an enabling act for the specific cases 14 of Hilo and Kapaa. In the case of our Hanapepe Plan, the status requires further legal clarification. There we were requested by the Board of Supervisors of the County of Kauai to assist in the preparation of a Master Plan and such was prepared in collaboration with the implemented local Town -Plan Collaborating Committee. To cover all possible classifications of origin of Master Plans to be prepared in the Terri- tory, in view of the questions involved, it is opportune that the question of enabling legislation in both plan- ning and zoning be respectfully submitted for the con- sideration of the Legislature at this time. THE COURSE OF THE MASTER PLAN. —The Master Plans prepared under the direction of this Board —of different natures of origin —will now receive the atten- tion of (a) the Legislature, in the case of Kapaa; and (b) the Board of Supervisors of the County of Kauai in the case of Hanapepe. In the legislative consideration of the Kapaa Plan will arise the question of appropriation for flood control,& while the Hanapepe Plan was prepared to assist in a controversial situation and the Master Plan is already a desired instrument of solution of an impasse. In the case of Hilo there is a similarity to that of the Town of Hanapepe, except that the origin was in the Legislature instead of in the County. As such, it is a legislative mandate for the largest municipality within ,the counties outside of the City of Honolulu. It now remains to consider the course of any master plan. Who is the custodian; of the Plans prepared for Hanapepe, Kapaa., and Hilo? It is respectfully sub- mitted that the purppse of the three Master Plans prepared were: (1) To furnish information to the Legislature for con- sideration in connection with an appropriation; or (2) To provide the County. Board of Supervisors with an instrumentality of planning for the Village, Town or City. In regard to the manner of use by the County of the Territorially and County - prepared Village, Town. or City Master Plan, it is further respectfully sub- mitted, since it is not advisable to adopt a Master Plan which must be kept a flexible instrument of the future, that the Legislature and the County Board of Supervisors respectively approve (not adopt) the Plan and that the County Engineer be requested to prepare a map on a larger scale, with precise dimensions and other usual details, for such part of the Master Plan as the Board of Supervisors may deem desirable and necessary to adopt as their Official Map. a Perhaps cooperatively with the District Engineer, U. S. Army. RECREATIONAL By MEREL S..SAGER, Park Planner, Natiolial Park. Service Hilo has 'considerable beauty, perhaps not so much of this area so that it will become more beautiful and because of " any planning but because of existing hat- receive a greater recreational use. - It is entirely in ural, features such as its crescent bay, Cocoanut Island, adequate as to size for a golf course although a prac- views of Mauna Kea, Wailuku River and Waiakea River. tice driving green' would be appreciated and receive It:..0.0 'seem that Hilo has come to the place where much use: because,; of its accessibility and ,because... it must:. decide. whether the City is to just grow or there usually is Iess: rain. here than at Kaumana Golf whether there is to be regard for the Club. The conditions seem: to be ideal for canoeing, . .a .controlling esthetic factors in this growth.: picnicking, fishing and also swimming. Barring nappy accidents, a town will never be more Esthetically here.: is an unusually fine.. opportunity beautiful:thaninterested citizens want it to. be.. Putting to develop a placid lake or lagoon type of naturalistic it another way, a,tdwn will have the degree of ugli- park so much loved in many of the states but rare in Hess ;that citizens. will tolerate.: the Territory of Hawaii. Residents. of Hilo are not: uranindful of esthetic con= WAILUKU. RIVER. PARKS. _ The Wailuku. River' With.. siderations as evidenced by''the concern they have ' its fall s and picturesque gorge is a distinct seen ic :asset shown in "beautifying then residential' grounds. 'There- to Hilo. It possesses greater possibilities for recrea -. fore, it "would "seam that'.if and.in, planting .trees and tion'::than is "appreciated locally. Substan- . ornamental shrubs. along approach highways the com- .generally, tial. portions of both Sections 1 and.2 of Wailuku River muiity is made familiar viwith a recreational area plan Park: have been diverted "from park use ;arid. p0t sh "owing the future esthetic opportunities the. various......:.. .into. cane by ::the Hilo Siigaz Company. ". With so., . clubs arid.orgariizations would wholeheartedly'sponsor ,;sugar hand in +sugar and so little land dedicated to recreation, the wisdom " o f sueh :action: is questionable. So [ long The plan itself:. is not `sufficient. There . must be as large sections of :this land originally set aside for entliusiasrrA and a determination on the .part of Ieadisig park ;.rise are ":;;cultivated, ;:there is no;: opportunity to citizens to carry it out, ... create 'a Beautiful naturalistic park by planting of or= .. WATER".FRONT:PARK... Hilo has.made.th e same mis- " narxxental "":shrubs: "and "trees:: The = Wailuku River de- sympathetic,. landscape treatment. It ' take :that practically every': city with a water .front has "great .serves ;careful' should again be put :to the 'use for which it is most made It" lies failed" to realize .';that a "portion valuable, recreational use of.":.. the : Wdter ""front ..constitutes the ; front .door:: of .the City.: OMER RECREATIONAL ARRAS =Other recreational From the standpoint of long -term esthetic planning "water areas such as cocoanut Island; Liliuokalam.P'arlq Kauai - there' is no question but ;that the entire" front kea0di pat-k; Waiakea Kai Keahu 'Beach Park, from the" month of the.. Wailuku River, tothe area. oppo.= "Cocoanut „Park,: pzhikai park, and Port Leleiwi 'ark should forever be site Island should" be set aside as a" park for "Substantial retained n- d when possible =they shouldbe enlarged. .r the recreational use of all ;the people . por,- tions "o f this'; area :are- already. public: park, " other "por- Bmikai'i' ark" which is used almost excluszveIy by Japa- - " bons :' are "open unused " "lots. . Of the.. "structures " "uppon "of nese is sufferixg from ;over use Hilo is especially lack- ing. in play areas "such as. 'Lincoln Parr': A survey this land none are: goad, permanent .quality- constiftic- .a, should be made of available land various parts of Lion" with "the exception of the newly constr cted Hilo .ui the City:' which can be.?,developed for"play areas. These Theatre.., "" There, will' be no ?better time to start :'acquiring this need not be Iarge but;they should be' widely distributed SO that children need not ` walk" :more. ":than several property .than now as each, year" the cost. will increase: blocks to reach. them and need riot cross dangerous The retail,stores :in the northwest end of the,.proposed "che.a traffic lanes.::. No' new homestead" "areas should be ark,: are for", most art false. front frame p _ Pa ,. p�..a opened"rwithout sufficient "areas reserved :for recrea buildings , " :Many ;of " the ,structures east of Mocheau tion. Park` ale :of: the barn;like, ware= house,- storage type: Facilities "should be:;proyided at Reeds Bay to make What an unfortunate use for the: area .between Hilo's this attractive cove ideal as a yacht harbor busiest street and <tlie shore"of beautiful:Hilo Bays "planned It shauld be resolved by :officials; arici alert "citizens After acquisition. e area "should be carefully alike that established parks shalii not be fair ?prey b aprofessionaIl trained.landsca e, architect?or y y,; p park vrhenever a Ideation is being for a public ox,gixasi- planner to unsure "tile maximum in use.and beauty and the minimum m"ohanges'and maintenance." " "sought ublic buildin No city" has too man P g} y parks. There - It is: unfortunate :.that .the.:tracks of.'the :Hawaii "Con- .. fore"those in existence" should be diligently retained. soiiclated Railway' " Ltd.; "extend "the length of the- area FUTURE: RECREATIONAL. AREAS: `= The "Master Plan With,the present locationof the railway:: car barn and of Hilo skiould provide additional large areas: for park use, shop. of the east. side of :town and the need for rail- "easy It does :not the "City is in a way service: to the piers 'there ;is no" solution; to .matter'.greatIy;whether, .. position:: to large parks now. However, sit is the problem rof removing :..the tracks from the potential ,develop " highly; important that the necessary land be . set a ide water front park although this can be done at consid- expense. However;` file business of the railroad so that lit will be availaBle'" for parr use wlieri the creole proper. time for development: comes': is decreasing. There were ..14,077 fewer .tons of.. freight With.. the aiiundant rainfall in Hilo, and the great. hauled in 1937 than m- 1930 and .passenger .traffic de "- variety" bf vegetation available, most any`area can be creased from 131 476 in ;1930 to ` 25,902: in 1937 U.n- transformed in a short while ;into a -thing of`beauty: doubtedly this decrease . has been. brought about by; Excellent parks" may humble beginnings.: The mcreased truck azid bus :':traffic With' the constant. "have: famous :'Butchart Gardens ,near ;Victoria, B.C., were. -. improvement of the Hainakua Coast Highway ;perhaps ziiade in the unsightly quarry excavated fo.r the menu - ' in time the x.ailway: problem will solve itself. facture of cement, world -famed Golden" Gate Park in The' creation of this .water -front park,'aside"from the San ,Francisco' was .made . on,:what was`. considered . great': re creational value it` would': afford; ".will do more waste land because the constantly 'shifted.,. the to provide Hilo with!. the stamp of:beauty'than anything "sand World's`Fair. Grounds; in New York, which wiii" even- which has been done heretofore :and ;indeed" anything: tixally: be Flusning Paxlc, was built .on" the `city dump: else"that may be done i i the future." No city has ever' Hilo :people 'can be heard" lamenting" the fact:'that had a grander opportunity to distill ish'itself: esthetically i- An „:U. T- T41- :.{41.- 4::..n4,<_4 ..l only a` dribbling of the tourist' crop'comes.to the Island rir____, The removal of the buildings on the makai side of Kanmhameha Avenue (sueli as those shown above) and the development of parks throughout this area (such as Moobeau. Park at right) would create for Hilo a Waterfront Park of unusual distinction. f HILO'S WATERFRONT PARIS NVAILOA.RIVER PARK. (Waiakea Fish Pond) is region extending from Kilauea Avenue to Kameliameha Avenue Iends itself to excellent Dark development due to its natural conditions. Photograpbs by Mere] S. Sager Upper left and right:. The makai side of,.Kamebameba.Avenue bkween Ta li and...Waianuenue Streeta showing frame buildings. Lower left. marl right.- Waterfront area along Hilo Pay: between the Railroad Depot and Mooheau Purl:.. . P$oEagraphs by Mere] S. Sager r /rr ger° scpie IV eel JAS j i f sFYv/ake4 araBrzw a.<r. K E ' €� gg ..,.x..�u- fr sir ARXS AND a. ! . k NOES,: PLATES 80, M5,109 AND 113 (PAGES 169, 207, 211 AND 216J:' FIRST PROGRESS REPORT "(FEBRUARY,1939);AND JAN 2, 1941 C a PLATE 42 (IN COVER POCKET) -LANDS FOR OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL (PUBL.6)iAND h YA PLATE (IN CODER POCKET) PARK, PARKWAY AND RECREATIONAL AREA STUDY (PUB TERRITORIAL PLAIMING 0 R0 LEGEND. — a to � W PRESENT PUBLIC— SCHOOL LANDS PLANNED PUBLIC— SCHOOL LANDS i Q PRESENT PARKS MID PLAYGROUNDS PLANNED PARKS Alib PLAYGROUNDS L_,___ A R , 7 The axisling and planned parrs andptoj areas will be coordinolad wilh the Tarrih Por.Fwoy and Rocroational Area Mastor PUMOOlion No. /P 4111170, %9911 as the SA or0 coord/natod with tho Territorial Lond Master Plan in Publicalion No (Sapt®inbor.1940) : t �F ltatarmed�aie's� W"", I .,,, ,¢ �� . 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I -. 5 �-f R A 9 A L A C L® V R i/ V G ® AVERAGE ®g4. ANNUAL i OHYETS '. p� ..^ PLATE 56, PAGES 120, 124 --5, T.. FIRST PROGRESS .REPORT, TERRITORIAL. .PLANNING BOARD DEC. 2R, l940 A YA t � � 3 iT ?.�� i s ��s ® � 1 ? �,�� -a r_,�i��['�t. qJ t Cr7 1i� !..J" y � � � � � 5 '� •° �_e IS ��� � �s!f 1 E. is � ' s•`` ��, .��` � - L "r3���+ii�� j ..�` � � �. "MOO' vow t � �� �, saz �. �"��"' � - t, `�� _ ..'Ea �` ;,� =�" Mfr �� �� �' �+�,y f „ ' ,-"' • '� .'r' i"? ��� � ° wup SAAF BRIM I —:, ' t'FJ Et 3:, 6p OT i c "_ - ,c c'v.' a - gam, I s , L G't• t az l ^ S PIK NA €......., f �( k� ST rt� '� F�� HIHIHI lvx G _ s.. ) r S. E� ✓i"i 1 :,+` }°.r� `i ki'. 1c F=�v TL— Owns WAM j Ji \ €rr J TAI -7 - _ K v= ltd. ,�; -ap r���i � ,�'`` �_•�� `�;' f 1 �(�� ig [j ion 5a� 3 ` � J i 4 h IEFER sF ,411 / ( bi r s 7 € g� & . - lip g * i 77 :_- Ems?= im.�✓4`�..'Ka"9n'^:Fsf�� w�/°t�.fc .�'3LM w«o-�$a'' �� r��y" ", <vm r ���� k � � V rA O `°, p^`` _`. O �jj� ?' p{� +A � O .. 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( w x: 6 a: Census Tracts 'nu er ®ti ®n Districted I f f , � g PE �21f, PAGE 907 TIIUG URSAM RESOURES AMU FAC)LITiES (1$39) - HAWAII DEC, 20 W40 i nir�n tlTOiilAt PLANNING BOARD E i r; I; Kfi ii El ��i ice;`: yam $1 -34 801)y U LEGEND' City Delimitation Line qIq H-4 ------ census Tract i-3o --------- Enumeration District <a re b ANU T k , UA AOD � ;� � k. P_I_�If�� M 1-24 r 110 F 11,1111, i , MIX f jL jq 1-33 -,ANZ 1-28 c5 7 4t AVE Q-11. 13 W wv., VI 7.7 t % -,v 2 CA 'n" All, 17" ;_­z 'v'),T) -34 801)y U LEGEND' City Delimitation Line qIq H-4 ------ census Tract i-3o --------- Enumeration District <a re b ANU T k , UA AOD � ;� � k. P_I_�If�� M 1-24 r 110 F 11,1111, i , MIX f jL jq 1-33 -,ANZ 1-28 c5 7 4t AVE Q-11. 13 W wv., VI 7.7 t % -,v 2 CA 'n" All, 17" J s { SSFSS P Y 4 -a, d- zzxrsdr'.::z•.:s«:'srz;�r��,..a 1J :` - t F r J i r k r r s I .J n� rM -7� -off „'. 0 kk I ° tl eg z — A i .f. / `dt i OA `O*° •..,.,a ........ � -.. � S,r vva:��� t�JJ fit; Z��"v— a�:r.q,�.,r.r.,�,y,wc, rt6��; t 1� s 1 -41 (Part) �x l E 3 m 1 -36 a I '�l i 1 f i i ,- � :H � Population = 2.3,.33/ � � � _. ,. t1940 J.S. CEMSUSI r f v � A crs r " h:• f . 6 \ 1 4 kj CL r" „i • A �r �:� < '' &j' Y;'✓ f 1 �f.. °c� -�, °tom --.1 " _ `= ,,,. °'''�� r • i ♦ \ 1 _ A s r � .y �\ EJ � ., � s ei, ne of represenfsa'- O p6 P1 � r � � __.�___ � {�Ij$)f�� �€� N. ' 3 F� i �- .. -� r � ' gqWWI � € tre'resr FM1� B01UlJdflry Ol��� �! sho iSCO/ a L • 3 1E �i�""- a:%':i( f 4� -',:v�`� t °nZ a'i i P i i i � 00, G j { I Hr KEY MA Fq ...':: \art. 5;!G 1, r'.^ii�'zm.:w.l,ak;.,l%'.. '^'y,".`..,." „„.'m:,i`” _._,'. /r� tt�wt�rY- �^- �"+�wn+Kwwre.�i� .,r� -v N`.,wsrc ✓sJewaa. s �dG` % r ;•}33'x'° H I L w H A iftu yam; I 4. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: 1940 ME— PLATE 12 PAGE 27, c FIRST PR6GRESS REPORT ,, 7 g DEC. 24,1940 TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD � se, AAA`. Hs Pr � e i 1 =+.p - Y� &:rt /fir cY a�J- �•� K% _ R cav Note:— One dot represents 25 people g ' • ° I l Gi O t�#' ;� �x� ��. w ; j � 11 LAUD b �.t K ,.. I„�l. d4PJCi a. • � ?•� �.. .. 2 % f ® r„%s dpi, m • ° ! �: met , q Ifl How, t- ''='_'s.."s::¢ --r M :.. °t -• •rt }s''� °-.�..,,�;r`R�:,,,"' i� e:rpAFAE P Y-� °r' z..- . rown Amm arm• -�� \ "aL'�i*'� �� s ��. � °�'�f�S,° -a a¢° s,P� �� ., �!_ ( hIfR.O - - zz € ! A/1 �. , 3 tF{ t-"- ----"- � r" d ,:� L • O a •• 4W LION.a ! °Z`•, �`4 ,r,�✓ -, O not sit ''�� sdn�`;_'_ A�/ ?�'-3 �° F� ri.�� € iaa)I�Pa a ° s`j • i ._- ._.v.._ ._..._._�' --- ae�y`,. xv) NON • -r� 12 / 4t.. �,Ctz �Frnr r a pp- ;�P / :'" � �:.� • tnd�' gar• ff S3s.3C`E� . S � -C✓, ya' Sr'°*` ° €? rZ � °Lg °�a � - FF��s �� dam?' � r °� q • `<� �d a � ° c [ + -' ! E A, V oily l` `sue, \\ `' r a ov \® r` E, REFERE z 14 17 5 L 11 H I ,. G all t P lk r � 1 r 1 1 E, f6 � I p ID t Mfl F r � � '. � Fs nar r i,.. •�+�"y° � � %� �� �- y v F.,<� <,- e°�° ""° - �_ -- om P (J t $i( O ® O a ® a • 6 I !2 a" g 6 K5 l _E• r d ' � a �11FL �� -"'• � �^ 1 0 64fA R C'Gp'y Al PA z,J w 3 J } 7y t_a �y vi U 5• 1940 CEN 5; J F. CHILE J . - ' —a a -4x Nr 7 TERRITORIAL T= OFFIC'.E - VWFA BORTHWICK. TAX COLIMISS1014ER V I " Ff, I;✓ b� ? LEGEND: Federal Lands Territorial Lands A !- 14 R 1 6 0 R =Hawaiian Homes Gomnfn Lands Territoriat Lands Leased County Lands Private Lands IGLAND S i i L TE. .fig- "b,�"�.. -�-�. -_ �r.����c.:�w�,- �, w �rrror�...u<r.. arss!.�� •.... . :.�° �- ,�.w- +,.ate. --�- . r, Populchon = 23 331 g a 3 (1940 U. S. cEA+S�US1 ''y ��� ��.�. c r� � . � y ��` X K—;— .7n V y J firT r `� i " hL "ra OkL?4, jf _ 4l m 't v s: �;_ r E / $ ! F. k,, <, /'F_d fiV J•h.. tii ! c 33 w. J ° F ' ,(, N I ,.. a. ai cif ` ✓ {£# ill f 4 ? F �� `3 -,mss; -� i' �',.,�_ t Hr: €ic'_rg�'�,L'„3_ y 3e- ,�of� l }f y: i ', }} t rho 'r pre C) own �u J arger i 4.r t ' ' "_Q SC ®�e.r FnaP ilpoJ on lAU fj E P y f ff o a j _ N . -� I' N �'z;, KsE'_�'k� ilia ��v ,gyp � t � •� m J' ' .a•.r ° s.,�,.em..3 A .5 p : . I �< H A t (TAX-ASSESSED APPRAISALS X 2.0 N _. _ t DEC. `240 1940 Its -.. ,;Z f� - P eI btefto a �O ®s Note- Lard values in � cents Der Sayare foot F!LgE -382 >i... �lrLwvC = ar...r ,. ✓.ya_a °.° i.�. r+�•" - ...zrx°wr�_rXwt"rc"e w- �,vw�s. _, cK: ..,.>��AZ�«^GA P �..° .)� f � f L Al a� fly I T -•' �yt7 t ' _,a- s' " � _i 1 �. -may P Ai i mss- -• } 3 f I`Y C a Se tt `+ rL } spy. " € � v !� 3 { �f s low - I�f i `;fllf ,n s SAW, , . m� q 1 ��• � Sri;; -. �a � ➢ � �.��� f W _ T� 3 ¢a F Elm 0, wr JW AN ffi, .::a�;✓"w• .! n �T.?"„S?fi5�.�i�r ! - ,...n.,,,.....� < ,..-.� aa-, �,,,.:e ww. -.- 7. ...,�, <. .. _ .... < �. .,. ,., ..... ,,,,.,. ,,. W... ho rL } spy. " € � v !� 3 { �f s low - I�f i `;fllf ,n s SAW, , . m� q 1 ��• � Sri;; -. �a � ➢ � �.��� f W _ T� 3 ¢a F Elm 0, wr JW AN ffi, .::a�;✓"w• .! n �T.?"„S?fi5�.�i�r ! - ,...n.,,,.....� < ,..-.� aa-, �,,,.:e ww. -.- 7. ...,�, <. .. _ .... < �. .,. ,., ..... ,,,,.,. ,,. W... �f s low - I�f i `;fllf ,n s SAW, , . m� q 1 ��• � Sri;; -. �a � ➢ � �.��� f W _ T� 3 ¢a F Elm 0, wr JW AN ffi, .::a�;✓"w• .! n �T.?"„S?fi5�.�i�r ! - ,...n.,,,.....� < ,..-.� aa-, �,,,.:e ww. -.- 7. ...,�, <. .. _ .... < �. .,. ,., ..... ,,,,.,. ,,. W... a rN FM Yt i ` i LEGEND: _.SPRING INTAKE � WATER MAINS - -'- RESERVOIR O 'Q LIGHT % POWER S-=p- ELECTRICAL PLANT ®' TELEPHONE LIGHTHOUSE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE ,r t co TELEGRAPH STATION RADIO STATION GAS PLANT : ' A f B 0 RAILROAD "T RAILROAD STATION 1\ INDUSTRY FACTORY NOTE: - Gas mains follow roughly the networh of struts - -and- water mains. IAA. F �Cauolidot D 0 r�. Lo Fri TORT E E f , � al if I r1j, .1-'. COUNTY i eo fys x`01 (5415 MAI �f i A! p[ f a 1 c 'j r7 i r; °( t 1 8 a` 8 u;Q, f T � (. / � •�° - � �'i �4ye �E �V •V �s L �y -�_°� � � � � /may �� ✓;' � � , . � {,i� �+ o?, ,h"p ° 4 O 3T, _ PORT A110 2s �. 0.2 25 l ; ,, ? �, ,� .� � 4. 6 @f 4I _. _ r lilf / '�,- ..,.`��.�,: ....� Ff a � € g Px -: w��"'��+aa Ell �i .,L. �SftR.�LV IA /] �x _ g C46 „ 4 i u =L..L 2'. lug7r r L _,ht k � ✓FEE"_ tL -� ti ,x 3 t } t g di:4 yyiLpp 11 ELECTRIC ✓ POpUAWOD =23,351 a _ 4 (11940 US CENSUS) Al k ' [[(( £ � a 3 �— .—,..� rte'• rdl4'i��4� RV£. Sit S ER T i 1 yc j 6 a ��l t \ i �G:JiFI hi:.;G' vp Ulu t r As s iS}7 .I LE,tii,'�E A A �. ✓Y $ � S t V of +!1 Or! 3 ��s S ER T i 1 yc j 6 a ��l t \ i �G:JiFI hi:.;G' vp Ulu t r As s iS}7 .I LE,tii,'�E A A �. ✓Y $ � S t V of +!1 Or! z REFERENM —PLATES 92,159; M, 145 AND 143, (PAGES 101, 276, 303, 310 AND 822), A T _ DEC_ 20, 1940 FIRST PROGRESS REPORT (EE®RUARY 3939) TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD. � � f3 f ,., 9i =: -f0 - a - 363 ` K E Y N,AP g_ mu- l di I lei wed � +s F' A V! A 4 PUBLIC AND PRIVA7E UTILITIES z REFERENM —PLATES 92,159; M, 145 AND 143, (PAGES 101, 276, 303, 310 AND 822), A T _ DEC_ 20, 1940 FIRST PROGRESS REPORT (EE®RUARY 3939) TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD. � � f3 f ,., 9i =: -f0 - a - 363 V y� l ! LEGEND ®. SPRING' INTAKE - ' -k 1 ? WATER MAINS RESERVOIR D CI LIGHT % POKIER ELECTRICAL PLANT TELEPHONE �� LIGHTHOUSE �� �� TELEPHONE EXCHANGE ' r� o �,xmi? co TELEGRAPH STATION >4 �g rr RADIO STATION GAS PLANT t V �11 J 0 I 1 , RAILROAD RAILROAD STATION INDUSTRY FACTORY' - y +� i NOTE.- Gas mains follow roughly the networR of slregls and, wa►ar mains. 1 i 6 �.` C !, h �`� �' -- � _r " `.�� f= = ....:. fir•. - I Haerou r � Fi+ ��ni ....____.. Go Gi Y I 4 mn j° I if I A 1 �' I E:1 � Aasb A ���.. M �'� SS, ���\ Y � ,f � ,�, ��I y� ;C �! '`� u� •I � z� � A� �; 1t �I F r�' ,rte%°; '� "� �f�is�z�. � 4�,� •. �t ``�S ���f �` tir -� u, .. , e= Pn t` j �° aEc QSP 1 1 II 4 1 kk jq 7 W. cc.wf°t ..,.« ,,..�.m.„.-'ffy ':L I`aly ,I9 e o, ( f J O L Illd i r i pp � � _� � � f. svu a.r3tisEaei f[ z fi llfllSU €nffl€af k s � � s [ uilisGi�� t C Et•., 4; ,..-a are € ? e J /` ` s�'i` wgy y Y if - _..... � � - >�a ��,•R ! c,' xy„� N `��1'� i �- ? � tis � �, �. €��P. ,' >,.,i,! �. �,. �" � P.�E l � Lici�� `E � �y� . � 1. ` PIS Fi (`��� 1 - %•�_s� - p' P'$ =V.11 � ii E � � � ,`'• � is:z• �, ✓tea.., /� - } Ar ry Et � '� � j � 1 �J .�„ 5n r Ea�•aa .. <rx��r..c�-u � `� � � '� � r J .i E . �.. a 9 E r l , ...,,,z f:.. ::;, ' rK- -�' t 'tJ !e_; •.�. � t 4- r-' � `�' � � � / a t e "`°..`�. - _ E(Efi 4 S<t,�7x RVV.{jr, as AVE - ,1 r L ti O I ki Se AND 139 (PAGES 133;152, MS PMD 276), i5. REPORT (FEBRUARY, 1939), ILANNIF40 BOARD. 1 :4 pls e °r7 ,i�c;a I It i F 0940 U. S. CENSUS) M�1��' PL A TEE y O 1 ,� aria shown on of r o Al C [� ifiarger, scale I SfP-et w k ✓F`,/ hf E �' `ii kI'4's IN IIAI A"®g"a O 1 ,� aria shown on of r o Al C [� ifiarger, scale I SfP-et w k ✓F`,/ hf E �' `ii kI'4's IN G $ ` E r� zP H ii } A -i N A E, SA N ITAT ! N D F L. 0 0 C 0 N T R O L <.. �.. < ri €, ` DECEMBER 3 ; l9R0 €s — i �:7'R 3• F s H-10-9.38.. ` LEGEND. WATERSHED LIMIT �.....,�„..e.® SEYdER" -LINE q ! { RIVER ---� �.. PUMPING STAVOt (� , CAAL CESSPOOL - �AifS PRIVY o \ \ t PRIVATE SEWER x ` \ t � 3 it a� �� ti e� P } , i elf x•.sz t€aer. _ s n�_r ✓` n p ' � •�... .1' ° T 6 w 5 € €Jtlt& IE HILY) yg f7 .61 AIRPORT of s -- .` + � Al 1 °e#K u'T; (YrS V,70 tC € tA ,p / I i'r o•b =;r` {,.�<�SjN"t,.� }y r�Irrr �� I. �j `a}• \'EX .l s`` di C41 } ��.�• .,,. €gy m � ra�'^ li a v r, '71 fl ti, �S fly' .,�\3 - „” . i • � . 9� . � - �. I ,mom p E3vk .,vG 1 E Ili, CUt+iY o f t } a.I Uq ` a a 1, 1 liI( p t n j ' . i I R4 � 3 f REFERENCE ° PLATES Ste 76e 96 A � FIRST PiGRESfi REE OI 9I o a o TERRITORIAL PLAW Gx n r> x 5 3 's wv e"... i � E dy iq 3 ".'� 3l r" 1 : - / v."l. TS �� •�,i -. f _ �- • • �i : :: �1` � �5€i, i r:. u:. 4 ra • J s;,� 1s•� r'*; ,„r,� ¢� ,. L:�1.� .. :��E`+ � <.� .. „v �° �h'' to i« �tll� TFiit `t ' Q ��cji a �•�, °�3py °t7,iw w�Ea�.�.w� -�� ���. s gN` K-7-- wr...+m't S?,p, t� 1 dop ap ., 1 r r OP i L°d 9i Y$ ,COUNTY PROJECT ENGINEER KJACAM �%aB .�. �.... ..,� ,�.,_. _.. ,...: - 2,3 Population 9 S N t 10,5 e r � ' f ,S '✓ t - A. AJ .,✓' OM , Nor t i l KAM A .. y v -.--- / rd"' �_, 3 U �`� � LI !, 56 - r�c�� rs ray B alllC ary of ;urger ,;�� ��"� �;._ ! rB 8 ,. yam') <a.�_ -py.- "6 € .,_�,.r' - ism f a%% -', IT " r .. ' a r. 2ixsit.: Pdl �i3iL�iY'� .� KEY MAP mantAm View SI;ALE IN MUS �m V W €I �.I R E s P 0 .L I G E A >� € t= A F F A G I L I T I ES REFERENCE -PAGES I93-4 AND 258, OPAa����41 FIRST PROGRESS REPORT, JAN. B, 1941 TERRITORIAL PLANNING BOARD. f s ! s3 a E Jf } I ' ? 0 � c� �, i:n li rlr tr o f � 1 � r :n r 1 s Y� � J rr $, V ..... V� but � w A ti � f L-5M,�,v f�,' �✓(`d.�AYx�<�i,ij°^wrar.wa+aroe e�..w r i. �c r 4 i a i a ��J''''1 V. 1�7 ! d �.�ftt'lyyy�' bA Y 1 f jq I Li Dili g' - 0.64 t,l l3� T U.S, GEraLWPUL SURVEY -f �W� J'S, TCPRITeIVAL TAtiA710C4 ir4APS GUSRFA €.? - .YiNT(l ,,f'r ny G° :!LO CJ Y PRlcriouly COUNTY ZN&ltlEER, E L, VIONCa rp0JEC,T EN(31fdEER, WY H, 15HWIP� 1tiAI Ea OF GC?.3t,'EPCE OF Hp L GC7: D01-4 H, SGRUTON, rULCUTNC SE UG ETAPY J- WAHII I tGIRC r H1FF — H- K MARTIN gHFRIFF W..1. KIMI ASGT RI nr- INGAFrTOR �4 a I ?