HomeMy WebLinkAboutHamakua CDP Feedback from Debbie ChangZONING CODE PERMISSIBLE USES
Hawaii County Code Chapter 25
Permissible Uses Cate o res:
AGRICULTURE, ANIMALS
COMMERCIAL
COMMUNITY FACILITY
MANUFACTURING, REPAIR, STORAGE, CHEMICALS
RECREATION
RESIDENTIAL
TRANSPORTATION
UTILITIES & COMMUNICATION
WASTE DISPOSAL
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Uses Definition Staff a U d Q
Memos
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AGRICULTURE, ANIMALS
Agricultural parks, x x
Agricultural products processing
-Agricultural products processing, major and minor.
yes (major,
x
x
x
minor)
-Agricultural products processing, minor, provided
yes
x
x
that the site or buildings used for such processing,
shall be located at least seventy-five feet from any
street bounding the building site.
-Agricultural products processing, minor.
yes
x
x
Animal hospitals.
x
x
x
x
x
Animal (quarantine stations.
X
x
12/23/02
AORICIIIA I IPI,, ANINIAI
Uses
12/23/02
Definition
Staff
Memos
a
a
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Q
Q
U
U
U
Livestock production or grazing
-Livestock production (excluding pigs), provided that:
yes
x
(A) The requirements of the department of health are
met; (B) Approval of the director is obtained; and (C)
Any feed or water area, salt lick, corral, run, barn,
shed, stable, house, hutch, or other enclosure for the
keeping of any permitted animal shall be located at
least seventy-five feet from any lot line.
-Livestock production, provided that piggeries, apiar-
livestock,
x
ies and pen feeding of livestock shall not be closer
piggery
than one thousand feet to any major road or to any dis-
trict other than the A district on building sites
approved by the State department of health and the
director.
-Livestock production, provided that piggeries, apiar-
yes
x
ies, and pen feeding of livestock shall only be located
on sites approved by the State department of health
and the director, and must be located no closer than
one thousand feet away from any major public street
or from any other zoning district.
-Livestock, grazing; provided that any feed or water
yes
x
area, salt lick, corral, run, barn, shed, stable, house,
hutch, or other enclosure for the keeping of any per-
mitted animals shall be located at least seventy-five
feet from any lot line.
Plant nurseries.
x
Riding academies, and rental or boarding stables.
x
x
Roadside stands for the sale of agricultural products
x
x
x
grown on the premises.
Sales and service of machinery used in agricultural pro-
x
duction.
Slaughterhouses.
71
x
12/23/02
adison. Wisconsin prides itself on
being a very progressive, liberal,
modern city. Until recently, there
was no ordinance prohibiting beekeeping
within the city, although the zoning depart-
ment did have "guidelines." Sometimes
these -,uidelines were used to make people
belie%c beekeeping was not allowed in the
city. and sometimes the guidelines were
used to the advantage of the beekeeper
when neighbors complained.
One typical guideline stated that no more
than two hives could be kept on one lot.
What about nucleus hives? What about
freshly captured swarms'? Another guideline
required that any hive be 70' away from
buildings on the neighbor's lot. Even a
garage? Even a shed'?? Since guidelines are
not ordinances, they were mostly ignored by
those of us with bees, but they did make us
nervous.
When our local club was firmed early in
2009, it was clear that a city beekeeping or-
dinance was in the making. Luckily for us.
it took the city two years to begin serious
work on it. In that time, a eery diplomatic
and persuasive new beekeeper, Michael
Gourlic, joined our group. lie very much
wanted to keep bees legally in his back
yard. When he saw the tentative city sug-
gestions for an ordinance, he nearly tainted.
Michael took it upon himself. in the name
of urban beekeepers and With the blessing
ofour club. to negotiate with the city. 11is
first question was. "Where in the world did
the rules in this ordinance conte from'"' The
head of zoning didn't know. really. lie
looked on the internet. got some sample or-
dinances. and copied them.
When our club asked, "Where in the
world did these zoning rules come front?"
Michael replied, "Well, in other cities, bee-
keepers didn't get involved very early, or if
they did, they simply bowed to the in-
cvitable. Wc're not doing that."
Michael's next question to the zoning de-
partment was, "Is this ordinance being de-
signed to reduce complaints about bees?'
�RDINANCE�
The answer was. "Definitely not." Rather.
Madison is making an effort to support and
promote the practice of urban agriculture.
The usual method of terming any new or-
dinance is to draft a proposed document,
and sec what public reaction is. Our head of
zoning was very glad to have expert, bee-
keeper input and suggestions, and was
happy to work with a person representing
our entire beekeeping club. He suggested
that we get consensus among ourselves and
present him with our best suggestions.
Michael got busy and formed a commit-
tee. There are people in Madison who have
been keeping quite a number of beehives in
their tiny, odd shaped yards for years, with
no problems. They knew what they wanted
to see in an ordinance, and they put their
heads together to hammer out guidelines
by JEANNE HANSEN
Madison, Wisconsin
that would promote urban beekeeping in a
responsible manner. Michael had many be-
hind -the -scenes discussions with the head
of zoning, and with alders. He went before
the Community Gardens Committee, the
Sustainable Design and Energy Committee.
the Board of Health, and the Planning Com-
mission, before the ordinance was passed by
the City Common Council. All parties
shared a desire to have a safe and responsi-
ble ordinance respectful of residents and the
ecology.
There are five key elements in Madison's
new ordinance. (see the figure). I) Hives
can be as close as 10 ft to a sidewalk, as
long as the sidewalk is shielded by a fence
or vegetation. 2) Hives can be as close as 25
ft to a neighbor's principal building, usually
the house, again as long as they are
(left to right) Alder Satya Rhodes -Conway, ordinance sponsor, Mike
Gourlie, club representative, and Matt Tucker, Madison's Zoning Ad-
ministrator.
May 2012 447
Madison beekeeper Kurt Runzheimer in his yard with some young
helpers. Notice urban enclosure for hives.
shielded. 3) Hives can be only 3 ft from the
lot line, with shielding. 4) .Amazingly, 6
hives are allowed on any lot, and each one
can be 20 cubic feet in size. This works out
to about 10 deeps, or 19 mediums per hive!
5) When hives are closer than 25 ft to the
lot line, they must be shielded.
The shielding regulation is the brainchild
of our club committee, and it really im-
pressed the city officials with its originality
and flexibility. This is he,.,, it works. Draw
a circle with a 25 ft radius around your
hives. Wherever the circle intersects the
edge of your lot, draw lines back to the hive
to form triangles. The shielding of the hive
must extend from one leg of the triangle to
the other. In the figure, since the shielding
is along the edge of the lot, it is long. If you
were to put the shielding right tip near the
hives, it could be much shorter and still ex-
tend from one leg of the triangle to the
other. It doesn't have to be straight, either.
It could be on a diagonal or a curve within
the triangle. You could use a decorative
gazebo with bushes behind it as your shield-
ing, as long as it touched both legs of the tri -
A flyway barrier shall shield any part of a property line that is within 25 feet of a hive.
The flyway barrier shall consist of a wall, fence, dense vegetation or a combination
thereof and it shall be positioned to transect both legs of a triangle extending from
an apex at the hive to each end point of the part of the property line to be shielded.
No more than 6 hives per lot
No hive shall exceed 20 cubic
feet in volume
No hive shall be located
F----� closer than `s feet
from a public sidewalk. QO
I
No hive shall
be located
closer than
feet from
any property
line
STREET
•.o
No hive shall be located closer than
5 feet from a principal building
on an abutting lot
448 American Bee Journal
angle somewhere between your hives and
your lot line. We can keep bees in the city,
have lovely landscaping, and obey the ordi-
nance all at the same time!
Our club's cooperation with the city
doesn't end with the passing of this ordi-
nance. On a continuing basis, we capture
swarms that appear during the summer, re-
move bees from walls of buildings, partici-
pate at fairs and festivals with informational
booths, and sponsor beekeeping classes and
conferences. Soon, we will be writing edu-
cational materials for the zoning department
to hand out, and consulting with them on the
beekeeping web site they plan to produce.
The city in turn has agreed to track bee -re-
lated complaints and their resolution.
Madison now has one of the most cre-
ative and progressive beekeeping ordi-
nances among major US municipalities.
Beekeepers and city workers alike appreci-
ate the code's generous guidelines in sup-
port of urban agriculture. It took a team
effort by all involved. To quote Michael
Gourlie, "I take off my beekeeping hat and
my beekeeping veil to the city of Madison
officials for the job they did on this."
Urban hives in winter located in protective enclosure.
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May 2012 449
IMPROVED RULES FOR
BEEKEEPING IN HOWARD
COUNTY, MARYLAND
After a nearly three -year-long struggle, on
Feb. 7, 2011, the Howard County Council ap-
proved relaxed rules for backyard beekeep-
ing.
A zoning -related nuisance complaint filed
in 2008 by an opponent of backyard beekeep-
ing was the impetus to this struggle. The orig-
inal complaint was lodged against a
beekeeping couple, Dan and Jeri Hemerlein,
members of the Howard County Beekeepers
Association. The opponent was an older gen-
tleman who emerged as the point person for
a small and disparate group of individuals op-
posed to beekeeping in the urban and subur-
ban parts of the county. His disdain for
stinging insects, honey bees included, was
based on a notion that "there are already
enough honey bees" and "I don't want bees
in my backyard."
At the time of the complaint, Howard
County zoning officials chose to interpret the
existing Howard County livestock ordinance
to include honey bees. The ordinance was de-
signed to apply to chickens, horses, pigs,
goats, sheep and cows. It required adherence
to restrictive rules that required a 200 -foot
setback from any neighboring property line.
If honey bees were "livestock," then the 200 -
foot setback would also apply to the keeping
of apiaries.
Such a restrictive standard if applied to
beekeeping would have effectively outlawed
beekeeping in the eastern third of Howard
County, an area of thousands of acres in size,
making it one of the most restrictive jurisdic-
tions in the county. It would have prevented
75 percent of the beekeepers in Howard
County from legally keeping bees.
Fortunate for Howard County beekeepers,
wiser arguments and facts won the day. One
helpful fact is that New York City officially
legalized beekeeping in 2010 (it has always
been going on, just done quietly). In addition,
favorable publicity for the Obamas having a
bee colony on the South Lawn of the White
House was another plus.
The improved beekeeping rules could not
have been passed without the efforts of many
people, the officers and members of the
Howard County Beekeepers Association,
members of the Maryland State Beekeepers
Association, committed citizens and neigh-
bors. Woody Medina, a member of the
Howard County Beekeepers Association
formed an independent organization called
"Don't Squeeze the Bees," whose mission
was to educate and inform. Sponsorship of
the improved beekeeping ordinance by Coun-
cil members Mary Kay Sigaty and Greg Fox
was critical. Developing consensus for "Bee-
keeping Best Practices" was critical. The
most important feature of the improved bee-
keeping ordinance would permit bee colonies
to be within 10 feet of a neighboring property
line, as long as a six-foot high fence or hedge
is in place.
The final hurdle came with the adoption of
310
three additional amendments to the proposed
legislation. One would require beekeepers to
force bees to fly at least six feet above any
deck on an adjoining house, primarily
through the use of plantings. A second would
permit bee colonies in a front yard, if set back
at least 50 feet from the street. The third
amendment offered by Council member
Courtney Watson and taken from the Balti-
more City beekeeping code, would require
that bees not "unreasonably interfere with the
property of others or the comfort of the pub-
lic."
This story was picked up by newspapers
including the Baltimore Sun, the Washington
Post, local television and by ABC news na-
tionally. The ramifications of the case are im-
portant because Howard County is a
county -level jurisdiction. Across the country,
there are towns, cities and smaller municipal-
ities that have significant beekeeping restric-
tions. If anti -beekeeping forces had won here
at the county level, this would have serious
implications for other large jurisdictions to
conclude that they too, could "ban bees."
James Denny
Catonsville, Maryland
CONCERN ABOUT SYSTEMIC
PESTICIDE USED
FOR ASH BORER
I am very concerned about the plan to inject
insecticides into ash trees and the impact this
could have on honey bees and other pollina-
tors. Recently, the following appeared online:
"Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Re-
garding Potential Side Effects of Systemic In-
secticides Used To Control Emerald Ash
Borer" by Jeffrey Hahn, Daniel A. Herms, and
Deborah G. McCullough
Several statements made in this publication
deserve consideration:
Statement: Ash trees are wind -pollinated and
are not a nectar source for bees. Furthermore,
ash flowers are produced early in the growing
season and are present for only a limited num-
ber of days. It is highly unlikely that bees
would be exposed to systemic insecticides ap-
plied to ash. Flowering plants that are polli-
nated by bees or other insects should not be
planted immediately adjacent to ash or other
trees that will be treated with systemic insec-
ticides applied to the soil, as they may also ab-
sorb insecticide.
Response: The ash tree is a profuse producer
of pollen. Ash blooms in late April when
honey bees and other native pollinators are
active and building up. It is a significant
source of pollen for these beneficial insects,
especially mason bees which raise their
young only in the spring. Since it has been
assumed that bees do not collect ash pollen,
no studies have been done to determine the
impact on pollen foragers. This is a serious
oversight.
Statement: Honey bees and other insects can
be affected when systemic insecticides are
translocated to nectar and pollen. Imidaclo-
prid is fatal to honey bees when it reaches
high enough concentrations, and can have
harmful sublethal effects at lower concentra-
tions. Will these insecticides harm other in-
sects? All of the systemic insecticides used to
control EAB will impact other species of in-
sects that feed on treated ash trees.
Response: These statements by the re-
searchers simply reinforce my concerns. They
have not looked into the actual impact of the
treatments on bees. The following studies
support my assertion that bees do collect ash
pollen, often in major proportions.
MY RECOMMENDED COURSE OF AC-
TION: There needs to be an analysis of the
pollen of treated trees to determine pesticide
residues, and the impact on pollinators must be
determined before going ahead with large scale
deployment of systemic insecticides in ash trees.
Supporting information
Pollen Gathering by Honey Bees in
Lacrosse County, Wisconsin
Master Thesis, University of Wisconsin.
1978. David William Severson
Weekly percentages of wind -pollinated
versus insect -pollinated plant species that
were foraged for pollen.
Wind pollinated species accounted for a
bulk of the early pollen and up to 79.1 % of the
pollen collected from early July to late August.
Insect pollinated species were minor sources
for early spring pollen, but their importance in-
creased as the season advanced to where they
provided almost 100% of the sample by mid-
June. Insect -pollinated species then decreased
in the samples until late July, after which they
provided 100% of the weekly totals.
Species identified as major pollen sources
for the entire blooming season.
Each species is listed as the percent
weekly yield. Tree species provided the ma-
jority of the pollen samples until late May.
Box elder (Acer Negundo L.) provided up to
89.86% of the mid-April pollen, but was not
utilized after April. Pollen from trembling
aspen (Populus trernuloides) and ash (Frax-
inus sp.) was also collected in mid-April,
with ash providing up to 38.97% of the
weekly total.
Pollen nutrition and colony development
in honey bees.
Irene Keller, Peter Fluri and Anton Imdorf.
2005. Journal ofApicultural Research
Wind pollinated trees as preferred pollen
sources in spring.
At the beginning of the vegetation period,
a uniform pattern was observed across most
available studies with a very pronounced
dominance of different tree species as the
most popular pollen sources. These included
maple (Acer sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.) different
fruit trees (Prunus sp. and Pyrus sp.), poplar
American Bee Journal