HomeMy WebLinkAbout2017 Na Mamo O Kawa Final Report_Kawa, Ka'u TMK.: (3) 9-5-017:005, 007 & 9-5-016:006 & 025 - 1 -
PUBLIC ACCESS, OPEN SPACE, AND NATURAL RESOURCES PRESERVATION
MAINTENANCE STEWARDSHIP GRANT, DATED SEPTEMBER 5, 2017
FINAL REPORT
REPORTING PERIOD:
9/5/2017 – 6/30/2018
SUBMITTED TO:
HAWAI I COUNTY, DIRECTOR OF PARKS AND RECREATION
ON
JULY 30, 2018
- 2 -
I. PROJECT STATUS REPORT
N Mamo o K w (“NMOK”) respectfully submits its final report on work funded by the County
of Hawai i (“County”) Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resources Preservation
Maintenance Stewardship Grant, Dated September 5, 2017 (“PONC Grant”). The reporting
period spans 10 months, from September 5, 2017 through June 30, 2018.
Original project plans submitted to the County of Hawai i proposed a start date of January 1,
2017; however, the PONC Grant agreement between NMOK and the County was executed on
September 5, 2017. NMOK received its initial payment in PONC Grant funds in the end of
September 2017. As such, major project implementation was delayed for nine months into the
originally proposed project period. NMOK was granted a 6 month no-cost extension of the
PONC Grant on December 31st, 2017, which amended the grant termination date to June 30,
2018.
During the reporting period, NMOK used PONC Grant funds to engage the community through
a combination of monthly community work days and coordinated work days with partner
nonprofits, area schools, and youth programs. For its work with area schools and youth
programs, NMOK incorporates a place-based curriculum and hands-on learning into the scope of
its work. NMOK has also been able to bring in community professionals from varied
backgrounds to serve as guest speakers for the school groups/youth programs. NMOK has also
worked to broaden its partnership network beyond Hawai i Island and was fortunate to host
several groups from abroad. During the reporting period, NMOK conducted a review of
resources, efforts, and progress thus far, which resulted in the prioritization of project focus to
building out NMOK’s native revegetation, human impact mitigation, fire prevention, and access
maintenance capacity.
The total volunteer work hours coordinated by NMOK during this period is an estimated 2775
hours, which equates to $68,514.75 worth in volunteer impact.1 During the project period,
NMOK managed $22,456.00 in contracts directly funded under the PONC Grant, with an output
1 Estimate of economic impact of volunteer time based on per hour valuation of $24.69, which is the 2018 valuation
reported by Independent Sector and IMPLAN.
- 3 -
total of 1299 hours in contracted services for native revegetation, security, access/grounds
maintenance, and spring preservation/maintenance. Finally, PONC Grant funds were used to
obtain added funding from the Hawai i Tourism Authority and the Hawai i People’s Fund.
$20,000 in additional funds was used to support an additional 960 hours in contracted services
towards native revegetation, coastal habitat rehabilitation, spring maintenance/preservation, and
outreach education. In total, NMOK leveraged its PONC Grant award, totaling $48,850,
towards outputs with a total estimated economic value of $110,970.75. Moreover, NMOK
closed the reporting period on the PONC Grant under its allocated budget by $4,629.19.
Project Objective 1 - Initiation and Implementation of Native Revegetation Plan
Action Item 1.1: Develop Native Revegetation Plan
Status: Complete
NMOK’s native revegetation work is its most ambitious to-date, given the immensity of the
project site (785 acres) and proliferation of alien invasive species.
NMOK developed a Native Revegetation Plan (“Revegetation Plan”) to guide its work. The
Revegetation Plan was based on previous studies and reports as well as consultations with
stakeholders, including conservation/ecology specialists and community members. The
Revegetation Plan was developed as a living document to allow NMOK the flexibility to amend
its guide, as needed. Currently, the plan is drafted to address revegetation needs in and along
reasonably accessible areas such as along roads and trails, near the shoreline and the highway,
and near the spring area. As work continues, NMOK will amend its plans to encompass more
acreage within its priority revegetation zones, eventually progressing to the point where a plan is
in place for the entire K w property. This progressive, incremental approach is aligned with the
vegetation management strategy outlined in Section 3.3 of the County of Hawai i’s K w
Resources Management Plan. The latest version of the Revegetation Plan is attached as Exhibit
A.
Action Item 1.2: Identify Native Flora at Project Site
Status: Complete
In August 2014, Geometrician Associates, LLC was contracted to conduct a flora and fauna
study for the K w property, which set a baseline inventory of all plant species present in the
- 4 -
area. The flora and fauna study is kept on record in NMOK files and used as a reference when
developing and implementing the Revegetation Plan. Additionally, throughout the course of the
reporting period, NMOK has conducted regular transects of its priority revegetation zones to
establish a better inventory of native flora. Clarified inventory resulting from NMOK transect
activity was then incorporated into the Revegetation Plan.
Action Item 1.3: Obtain and Propagate Native Flora
Status: In-Progress
Over the course of the reporting period, NMOK has used a combination of volunteer work and
contracted services to obtain and propagate native flora. A priority is made to, whenever
practical, collect seeds, transplants, and cuttings of native species within the K w property.
Transplants were collected when identified to be in an area prone to flooding (in the riparian area
adjacent to H lea stream), or in area subject to human impacts (i.e. in the middle of the
roads/trails) and alien invasive plant species competition. However, the diversity of the K w
ecosystem has been reduced as a result of decades-worth of inundation by invasive species and
further compounded by human impact and prior use of the property for ranching activities. As
such, NMOK also collected seeds and cutting of native species from similar ecosystems within
the Ka District. Seeds and cuttings are catalogued pursuant to protocols established in
NMOK’s Revegetation Plan; part of the cataloging protocol includes noting the date of
collection, and identifying native species by the area from which the specimens were collected.
Native flora species collected for propagation is currently limited to what NMOK identifies as
“foundational natives,” which are species of native flora that are known for their hardiness and
viability in outplanting efforts. Once a healthy population of foundational natives is established
on-site, NMOK will be able to incorporate native species that are more difficult to propagate
and/or require closer monitoring following outplanting. NMOK’s practice of introducing
foundational species first is aligned with other ecological restoration efforts across Hawai i.
Foundational species collected from the project area for propagation include: milo (pacific
rosewood, Thespesia populnea), kou (Cordia subcordata), a ali i (Hawaiian hopseed bush,
Dodonaea viscosa), alahe e (Pysdrax ordorata), lei (Hawaiian hawthorn, Osteomeles
anthyllidifolia), kulikuli (Sea purslane, Sesuvium, portulacastrum), and kukui (candle nut tree,
- 5 -
Aleurites moluccana). From nearby Ka ecosystems, wiliwili (Hawaiian coral tree, Erythrina
sandwicensis), and pua kala (Hawaiian prickly poppy, Argemone glauca) seeds were collected.
Naupaka (Scaevola taccada) collected on-site has been propagated via cuttings.
NMOK currently partners with both N lehu Elementary and the Volcano School of Arts and
Sciences for nursery space to raise seedlings and cuttings until ready for outplanting. NMOK
also nurses plants on the K w property, primarily to acclimate/harden off plants to the site prior
to outplanting. Below are several examples of NMOK’s propagation and nursing activities.
[Clockwise from Top Right] VSAS students propagating seeds on-site; N lehu Elementary
students tending to seedlings; nursery space at N lehu Elementary; students propagating seeds
at N lehu Elementary’s Explore! Science Fair.
- 6 -
Action Item 1.4: Prepare Outplanting Sites
Status: In-Progress
Using a combination of contracted services and volunteer work, NMOK continues to prepare
sites within its revegetation priority zones and designated restoration sites for outplanting.
Revegetation priority zones include the entrances, roads/trails, beach/coast, and spring area.
Additionally, restoration sites were selected within the revegetation priority zones in areas
populated by survived native plants. It is important to identify and restore the habitat
surrounding these resilient individuals in hopes of fostering volunteer individuals and to provide
access to seed for cultivation from parent individuals.
Generally, work involved in site preparation includes clearing invasive species and establishing
buffer zones around native species currently existing on-site. Of all action items in this
objective, site preparation is the most labor-intensive. Invasive species cleared are generally as
follows: ekoa (lead koa, Leucaena leucocephala), Lantana (Lantana camara), Christmasberry
(Schinus terebenthifolius), and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus). Below are examples of site
preparation work.
[Right] Ekoa root systems are effectively removed by sledgehammer; [Left] Hand-clearing
around a pre-existing alahe e.
Action Item 1.5: Outplant Native Flora and Monitor
Status: In-Progress
Outplanting occurs as cuttings/seedlings/transplants become strong enough; time needed for a
cutting/seedling/transplant to gain outplanting viability is dependent on plant species. Once
- 7 -
outplanted, NMOK monitors plants and waters/fertilizes as needed until the plants become
established and self-sufficient. Restoration sites are selected by the availability of outplanting-
ready species and utility of the site. For example, outplanting sites of naupaka are focused in
sandy areas along the shoreline impacted by years of vehicular traffic to control erosion.
Additionally, NMOK identified pre-existing native plant populations in its priority revegetation
areas, which are also monitored. Below are examples of outplanting and monitoring.
[Left] Watering outplanted naupaka along eroded sand dunes damaged by vehicles; [Right]
‘kulikuli site within low rock enclosure set for monitoring.
Project Objective 2 - Creation and Initiation of Cultural Site Monitoring Plan
Action Item 2.1: Identify Cultural Sites
Status: Complete
An archeological reconnaissance survey was conducted by Rechtman Consulting, LLC in 2013,
with a report published in July 2013. The survey report identifies archeological sites on the
K w property. NMOK keeps the survey report on file and uses the report as a reference for
cultural sites in the area. Additionally, NMOK maintains an ongoing relationship with
Rechtman Consulting, LLC; recently NMOK obtained GPS plot points of archeological sites on
the property to maintain a better inventory of cultural assets on-site.
Action Item 2.2: Coordinate Consultations with Stakeholders
Status: In-Progress
During the reporting period, NMOK coordinated meetings with various participants to plan and
create a cultural site monitoring and management plan. Meeting participants include lineal
- 8 -
descendants to the area, community members, and cultural practitioners. Organizations
represented at these meetings include the Edith Kanaka ole Foundation, Ala Kahakai Trail
Association, and Kamehameha Schools. Cultural practitioners include master carvers, kumu
hula, and heiau practitioners. Below are photos of a recent meeting with lineal descendants
conducted on-site.
Action Item 2.3: Draft Cultural Site Monitoring Plan
Status: In-Progress
Because the cultural sites at K w have significant meaning to many stakeholders in the
community, NMOK has taken a conservative approach to developing a cultural site monitoring
plan. NMOK plans to continue engaging stakeholders to further develop plans. In the meantime
however, NMOK has implemented basic interim cultural site monitoring measures, which
include regular monitoring of significant sites that are readily accessible by the public [e.g. Heiau
Ke ek and P hale o Keawe]. Additionally, NMOK regularly engages in education efforts,
discussing the significance of the K w property and the sites therein, with visitors and
volunteers. Constant oversight of such a large area is extremely cost-prohibitive; NMOK
believes educational outreach efforts that boost awareness of and respect for
archeological/cultural sites will ultimately be the major factor in the area’s preservation because
the awareness/respect gained by those we teach proliferates beyond the limitations of the
organization. NMOK is currently working with Kamehameha Schools to develop signage for
culturally significant sites that will both serve as educational and human disturbance mitigation
tools.
- 9 -
Action Item 2.4: Finalize and Implement Cultural Site Monitoring Plan
(Interim Measures In Progress)
See narrative above regarding continued consultations and development of a plan and interim
measures in place.
Project Objective 3 - Maintain Safety/Security of Property and Access
Action Item 3.1: Acquire Maintenance and Security Equipment/Supplies
Status: Complete
Maintenance and security equipment and supplies were purchased throughout the reporting
period with PONC Grant funds. Equipment and supplies are essential to implementation of
NMOK’s project objectives. A summary of equipment and supplies purchased can be found in
Section II of this report.
Action Item 3.2: Maintain Access Points (Trails/Roads) and Recreational Areas
Status: In-Progress
NMOK, through contractors and volunteers, maintains the two access points running from
M malahoa Highway to the shoreline: H lea Trail on the northern side of the property and Corral
Gate Road on the southern side of the property. During the reporting period, focus has been on
widening H lea Trail for the purpose of revegetation site preparation [see Action Item 1.4 above]
and to create firebreaks, as proposed in the County’s K w Resources Management Plan.
NMOK has also completed the reopening of a walking trail that runs parallel to M malahoa
Highway, connecting H lea Trail to Corral Gate Road and further more on to the springs. This
walking trail traverses over the Old Government Road and is also part of the County’s K w
Resources Management Plan, as shown below.
- 10 -
Source: K w Resources Management Plan
NMOK’s contractors and volunteers have also continuously maintained and improved areas of
high use by visitors. NMOK installed wooden picnic tables at these areas, to ensure that there
are designated recreational areas available to the public. Because of the maintenance and
improvements installed, visitors are more likely to congregate in these areas, which in turn
mitigate human impact on the remainder of the property. Designated recreational areas have
been an invaluable tool to reduce the likelihood of human disturbance of cultural sites as well as
negative impacts on the ecosystem. Below are photos of NMOK’s work on recreational areas
and access points.
- 11 -
Action Item 3.3: Monitor Area for Illegal Activity for Reporting to Authorities
Status: In-Progress
NMOK uses contracted services and the power of positive peer influence to provide security of
the property. Provision of security service included regular monitoring during peak hours of area
use to ensure that no illegal or detrimental human activity is taking place on-site. Some of the
unwanted activities documented during the project period include curious visitors walking into
Heiau Ke ek , defecation in open areas, and littering. Community members and area visitors
have become aware that NMOK maintains a presence on-site almost every day; as such, NMOK
has taken on the role as liaison for area concerns. Volunteers, community members, and
contractors have observed a positive change in the general human environment of K w during
the reporting period: increased use of recreation areas by families and an increased level of
respect for the place (e.g. visitors cleaning up their recreation sites before leaving and self-lead
volunteer stewardship activities).
Project Objective 4 - Spring Preservation and Maintenance
Action Item 4.1: Draft Freshwater Spring Preservation Plan
Status: In-Progress
NMOK is currently drafting its freshwater spring preservation plan. The scope of the plan is
limited to maintaining existing spring heads and wall structures feeding the freshwater into the
Ka al iki fish pond. A freshwater spring preservation plan is essential because this spring
system is the most accessible source of fresh water on site and is used by both NMOK and
visitors. Moreover, the maintenance of the spring provides freshwater to the estuarine habitat.
Action Item 4.2: Implement Freshwater Spring Preservation Plan
Status: Not Started (Interim Measures In Progress)
Although a freshwater spring preservation plan draft is not completed, NMOK is implementing
interim measures to ensure that the public is able to continue accessing freshwater on the
property. Spring maintenance includes hand-dredging sand from the spring head and
shoring/repairing existing retaining walls that allow the spring to flow into the pond. Below are
photos of NMOK work done maintaining the spring and pond.
- 12 -
Action Item 4.3: Measure Spring Discharge and Monitor Water Quality/Salinity &
Action Item 4.4: Monitor Native Aquatic Flora/Fauna Near Spring Site
Status: In-Progress
In partnership with the Volcano School of Arts and Sciences, NMOK is developing a place-
based curriculum that involves students regularly collecting water quality and water flow data
over time. Spring data is tracked alongside weather data/observations to gain a better
understanding of the dynamics of the water system which begins at the H lea watershed located
many miles inland and ends at the spring heads at K w . Additionally, flora and fauna near the
spring site are monitored and observational data is incorporated into NMOK’s developing place-
based curriculum.
Additional Deliverables
Because NMOK depends on volunteers to implement its objectives, priority was given during the
reporting period to shore up policies and procedures that ensure volunteer safety. As such,
NMOK developed its Emergency Response Plan and Health and Safety Plan; these plans are
attached as Exhibits “B” and “C,” respectively.
[Report Continued on Next Page]
- 13 -
II. FINANCIAL REPORT
The total award for this PONC Grant is $48,850. Project plans submitted to the County proposed
a start date of January 1, 2017; however, the PONC Grant agreement between NMOK and the
County was executed on September 5, 2017. NMOK received its initial payment of $24,425
from the County on September 29, 2017. Due to the funding delay, NMOK verbally requested
and received preliminary approval for a no-cost extension of the PONC Grant. NMOK
submitted a written request on December 8, 2017 to the County for a no-cost extension of six
months. NMOK was granted the no-cost extension, amending the termination date of the PONC
Grant to June 30, 2018. Two progress payments of $9,770 each were disbursed to NMOK in
May and June 2018. A final payment request for $301.66 ($4583.34 under its $4885.00 final
payment allotment) was submitted to the County on June 29, 2018.
During the grant term, NMOK expended a total of $44,220.81of its PONC Grant funds, coming
in under budget by $4,629.19. NMOK expected to come under budget, which is the reason why
its final payment request was for a fraction of its final payment allotment. NMOK has not yet
received its final payment $301.66; however, a review of accounts following close of the grant
term shows that NMOK will be remitting $45.85 of the $301.66 request back to the County
following receipt of final payment.
During the PONC Grant term, NMOK was awarded a $48,000 contract from the Hawai i
Tourism Authority (HTA) through its Aloha ina program. The HTA contract term is from
January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 and is earmarked specifically to fund NMOK’s
revegetation efforts. With this added funding, NMOK has been able to onboard additional
contracting capacity to provide ecological restoration services. NMOK also received a $4600
grant from the Hawai i People’s Fund to further support efforts in native revegetation; the grant
term runs from June 1, 2018 through May 1, 2019.
- 14 -
The total volunteer work hours coordinated by NMOK during this period is an estimated 2775
hours, which equates to $68,514.75 worth in volunteer impact.2 During the project period,
NMOK managed $22,456.00 in contracts directly funded under the PONC Grant, with an output
total of 1299 hours in contracted services for native revegetation, security, access/grounds
maintenance, and spring preservation/maintenance. $20,000 in additional funds from Hawai i
Tourism Authority and the Hawai i People’s Fund were used during the reporting period to
support an additional 960 hours in contracted services towards native revegetation and outreach
education.
Bottom Line: During the PONC Grant term, NMOK leveraged its grant amount of
$48,850, towards outputs with a total estimated economic value of $110,970.75. This
estimate is limited to service outputs and does not include the value of equipment and
supplies purchased. Moreover, NMOK closed the reporting period on the PONC Grant
under its allocated budget by $4,629.19.
Below is a comprehensive table of NMOK’s PONC Grant budget and expenditures for its entire
term (9/5/2017-06/30/2018. The table is broken out by budget class (i.e. “Equipment,”
“Supplies,” etc.) and budget item; the table also includes amounts remaining on NMOK’s PONC
Grant budget. A narrative summarizing each budget item is also provided.
PONC GRANT (9/5/2017 – 6/30/2018)
Budget and Expenditures - Totals By Budget Class
Equipment Budgeted Expended Remaining
Truck $3,000.00 $2,824.73 $175.27
Trailer $1,200.00 $1,213.43 ($13.43)
Weed-Eaters $1,500.00 $1,495.89 $4.11
Chainsaws $1,000.00 $999.03 $0.97
Pole Saw $750.00 $749.72 $0.28
Security Cam. $700.00 $479.94 $220.06
Doc. Equip. $300.00 $301.24 ($1.24)
Water Flow Probe $950.00 $950.00 $0.00
Equipment Budget Budget Expended Remaining
$9,400.00 $9013.98 $386.02
2 Estimate of economic impact of volunteer time based on per hour valuation of $24.69, which is the 2018 valuation
reported by Independent Sector and IMPLAN.
- 15 -
Supplies Budgeted Expended Remaining
Personal Protection $1,500.00 $1,494.83 $1,293.94
Hand Tools $1,500.00 $1,499.06 $908.04
Temporary Shelter/Tarp $500.00 $492.20 $500.00
Chains/Rope $200.00 $160.10 $137.72
Trash Cans $150.00 $145.30 $40.72
Tables $1,000.00 $996.98 $638.67
Benches/Chairs $800.00 $551.69 $800.00
Vehicle Fuel $2,000.00 $2,000.00 $1,880.00
Power Equipment Fuel/Supplies $1,000.00 $990.75 $860.27
Native Plants $500.00 $469.91 $500.00
Soil, Soil Amendments, Pots $1,000.00 $1000.24 $1,000.00
Water Hoses $150.00 $150.00 $130.58
Soil Testing Kit $50.00 $46.86 $50.00
Plastic Drum-55 Gallon $300.00 $299.06 $300.00
Incidental Expenses $1,800.00 $1,595.45 $1,700.10
Supplies Budget Budget Expended Remaining
$12,450.00 $11,892.43 $557.57
Contracted Services Budgeted Expended Remaining
Maintenance/Security $22,500.00 $22,456.00 $44.00
Contracted Services Budget Budget Expended Remaining
$22,500.00 $22,456.00 $44.00
Liability Insurance Budgeted Expended Remaining
Insurance Coverage $1,500.00 $449.90 $1,050.10
Insurance Budget Budget Expended Remaining
$1,500.00 $449.90 $1,050.10
Financial Services Budgeted Expended Remaining
Accounting Services $3,000.00 $408.50 $2,591.50
Financial Services Budget Budget Expended Remaining
$3,000.00 $408.50 $2,591.50
Total Budgeted Total Expended Total Remaining
$48,850.00 $44,220.81 $4,629.19
- 16 -
Budget Line-Item Narrative
Equipment
Vehicle: In consultation with the County, NMOK amended its use of this budget line-item from
vehicle purchase to vehicle use. Following County approval for repurposing this budget
allocation, NMOK used funds for vehicle rentals and vehicle fuel.
Trailer: A 5’x8’ pivot rail trailer was purchased along with necessary connections/mounts.
Additionally, funds were used to register the vehicle with the County.
Trimmers: 5 commercial-grade trimmers purchased; funds also used for extra trimmer heads.
Chainsaws: 3 commercial-grade chainsaws purchased; funds also used for extra chains.
Pole Saw: 2 commercial-grade pole saw/trimmer hybrids purchased.
Security Cameras: Two 24 Megapixel trail/game cameras were purchased, along with security
casing and memory cards. Cameras are pending installation on-site.
Documentation Equipment: A digital camera and memory cards were purchased for use in
documenting work and progress on all project objectives.
Water Flow Probe: A collapsible water flow probe purchased along with a digital salinity
refractometer for taking spring data.
Supplies
Personal Protection: Supplies purchased under this budget item include: earplugs, safety
glasses, work gloves, first aid bags and refills, hydration equipment, protective gear for
equipment operation (chaps and harnesses), and N95 dust masks (purchased following increased
eruption activity).
Hand Tools: Handtools purchased include sickles, loppers, shovels, 5 gallon buckets, pruners,
rakes, machete, wheel barrows, watering cans, picks, and sledge hammers.
Temporary Shelter/Tarp: 3 pop-up tents were purchased to host volunteer workdays;
additionally, tarp was purchased to protect equipment from rain damage.
Chains/Rope: Purchases include ropes, chains, bungee cords, and ratchet tie-downs
Trash Cans: 32 gallon trash cans purchased and placed around property; additionally, thick
gauge trash bags were purchased for various uses.
Tables: 6 wooden picnic tables were purchased and installed on the property. Additionally,
collapsible tables were purchased for volunteer work days.
- 17 -
Benches/Chairs: Rather than benches, cots were purchased for easy setup when hosting
volunteers.
Vehicle Fuel: Funds under this budget item were allocated and expended for vehicle use, which
included hauling trash to the refuse transfer station over 15 miles away.
Power Equipment Fuel/Supplies: In addition to use of funds for fuel to power equipment, this
line item was used for purchase of extra chains, trimmer line, gas cans, chain oil, and
repair/maintenance service of power equipment.
Native Plants: Rather than purchase native plants, NMOK prioritized collection, propagation,
and outplanting of native flora from the area; native plant sellers on-island do not specialize in
Ka area flora. As such, funds were instead used for nursery/planting supplies such as soil mix,
fertilizer, cinder, pots, seeding trays, and rooting hormone.
Nursery/Planting Supplies: Purchases under this line item included, pots, fire ant pesticide,
neem oil, flagging tape, plant labels, potting soil, organic fertilizers, cinder, seeding trays, and
pots.
Water Hoses: Because there is no available water spigot nearby, this line-item was used for
watering cans, pressure pump sprayers, and sealable 6 gallon water jugs to transport and store in
outplanting zones.
Soil Testing Kit: Soil testing kits were purchased along with a digital water meter to measure
total dissolved solids.
Plastic Drum – 55 Gallon: A 55 gallon lay-flat water transport tank fitted with a water spigot
was purchased; the transport tank is used for outplanting maintenance.
Incidental Expenses: Purchases made under this line item went towards providing
food/refreshments to volunteers during work days; also purchased were other incidental items
necessary for volunteer work days, including coolers, Ziploc bags, ice, plastic storage tubs,
batteries, insect repellent, and sunscreen.
Contracted Services: Three contractors were funded with PONC Grant funds under this line
item. Those contractors provided a total of 1299 hours of services mainly toward site
maintenance/landscaping, NMOK’s revegetation objectives, and access maintenance. Individual
contractors were Larry K. Felder and Duane Pua, who are also lineal descendants from the area.
NMOK also contracted with KUPU, which administers Hawaii Youth Conservation Corps, to
provide work towards NMOK’s revegetation objectives.
Liability Insurance: Liability insurance was purchased for the year.
Accounting Services: Funds under this line item were used to cover costs of accounting
software subscriptions and internet-based financial services.
K w Dryland/Coastal RevegetationWorking Plan
Summer 2018
Na Mamo O Kawa
NMOK.org
Exhibit A
I. Executive Summary
Project Location:Kw ,Hlea Iki,Hlea Nui,and Ka al iki,Ka District;
TMKs:39 5 16:006 and 025,39 5 17:005 and 007
This revegetation plan is a vital component of N Mamo O Kw ’s Stewardship Project.
Since 2012,the members of this community driven organization have assumed responsibility
for the stewardship and care of the diverse and fragile cultural and natural resources
existing at K w.There has continued to be a collaborative effort between group members,
cultural practitioners,stakeholders,researchers,educators,lineal descendants and
government agencies to ensure these resources are protected for the enjoyment of present
and future generations.
The following document outlines the need,scope,objectives,actions and desired
outcomes of the Kw Dryland/Coastal Revegetation Plan.This plan will be a “living”
document as various components are changed to incorporate the input,suggestions,and
concerns of consulted parties.Expert consultants with decades of ecological experience and
deep connections to Kw will assist with plan implementation throughout the life of the
project.
The scope focuses on a relatively small number of native species that have demonstrated
their ability to resist some of the devastating impacts of alien invasive flora.Combining a
healthy mix of trees,shrubs,and groundcover species,this project will reestablish a resilient
native dryland/coastal ecosystem.A wellestablished baseline plant community it will
provide a safer habitat for the eventual reintroduction of more sensitive,rare and
threatened native dryland and coastal species.
This plan’s actions will mainly occur within the bounds of the project location and will
last indefinitely.This plan’s fundamental objective is to initiate the restoration of the
dryland/coastal ecosystems at Kw ,beginning with a few number of foundational native
species currently growing within the projectlocation.De cadesold “volunteer”native plants
currently growing in the project area will be utilized as sites for additional outplanting.This
will increase the likelihood of survival for more sensitive and rare plants which will be
reintroduced to their rightful habitat in the future.Plot boundaries were delineated on a site
by site basis and reflect a wide array of microhabitats existing in the project area.Data
collection and analysis will guide future plan adjustments and add to the collective body of
information relating to Hawaii dryland/coastal reforestation.
II. Purpose/Need
The dryland forest habitats of Hawai i are the most critically threatened ecosystems
within our island environment.Native species that once flourished at Kw are struggling to
maintain their existence in the face of centurieslong encroachment of invasive flora.There
is a dire need for more dryland reforestation projects on the Island of Hawai i and Ka .This
revegetation plan seeks to fill that void.
Exhibit A
The purpose of this project is to reverse the alarming trend of ecological degradation by
reestablishing hardy keystone species that have both ecological and cultural significance for
the Ka community.By employing a mixture of native trees,shrubs and groundcover,this
project’s aim is to cultivate a vibrant mixture of biodiversity both along the shoreline and in
the dryland forest areas of Kw .
Sand erosion is a continuing problem at the project area due to both manmade and
natural factors.Freshwater springs and nearshore marine ecosystems are negatively
impacted by accelerated sand loss in K w bay.The coastal outplantings will provide a vital
function as erosion control mechanisms in addition to improving beach aesthetics.
Many dryland species are cherished cultural resources that provide materials utilized in
many facets of Hawaiian culture.From religious ceremonial artifacts and medicine,to
fishing gear and dishware,these plants provide the means to produce cultural artifacts and
tools for daily life.Furthermore,the spiritual and religious significance of the dryland forest
ecosystem and individual species growing there is paramount in Ka culture.These
resources must be preserved in order for future generations of Native Hawaiian descent and
island residents to experience their culture in the most genuine way possible.
Another important goal of this project is to build community to collectively foster the
restoration of our dryland and coastal environments.The love for the beach and forest –as
well as the shared sense of kuleana to care for our resources –will bring young and old
together to support a common vision of a pristine native ecosystem which provides valuable
cultural resources for sustainable public use.
III. Scope
The scope of this plan is limited to the locations,species,actions and timeline described
in Table 1 –Outplanting Sites.Seed collection occurs on property as much as possible,
though some collection efforts will occur in other dryland regions throughout the Ka
district and beyond.Any actions conducted by members of the public or group volunteers
not consistent with this plan are not sanctioned by N Mamo O K w.
a. Species
The species selected for this project consists solely of native Hawaiian flora found in
either coastal environments or dryland forests.The complete species list is provided in
Appendix A –Species List.
The tree species included in this project are:Alahe e (Psydrax odorata);Milo (Thespesia
populnea)a.k.a.Indian tulip tree,Pacific rosewood,Portia tree;Kou (Cordia subcordata);
and Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis)a.k.a.Hawaiian coral tree,Hawaiian erythrina.
The shrub species included:A ali i (Dodonaea viscosa)a.k.a.K makani,A ali i k ma
kua,A ali i k makani,Hawaiian hopseed bush,Hopbush,Hopseed,Sticky hop bush,Woolly
fruited hopseed;lei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia)a.k.a.Eluehe,U ulei,Hawaiian hawthorn,
Hawaiian rose;and Naupaka (Scaevola taccada)a.k.a Aupaka,Huahekili,Naupaka kahakai,
Naupaka kai,Beach naupaka.
Exhibit A
Two groundcover species are included:kulikuli (Sesuvium portulacastrum)a.k.a.Sea
purslane,Seapurslane,Seaside purslane,Shoreline seapurslane;and Ilima (Sida fallax)
a.k.a.Ilima holo papa
b. Location
The project scope is limited to the ahupua a o K w,Hlea Iki,Hlea Nui,and Ka aliki,
Ka District,TMKs:39 5 16:006 and 025,39 5 17:005 and 007.
There are various micronurseries located throughout the project area to maximize plant
acclimation and survival rates.Community nurseries are located at the homes of various
members of the community who raise seedlings according to this plan’s protocol.Na alehu
Elementary School and Volcano School of Arts and Sciences students tend school nurseries
according to this plan’s protocol.Prior to transporting plants into the project area or
between nurseries,plants are inspected to prevent the spread of invasive species or disease.
The only actions conducted outside of the project boundaries are
collecting/acquiring seeds and seedlings,maintaining community and school nurseries,and
consulting.There are also certain periodic community outreach activities which may occur
offsite as well.
The following table outlines the plan’s outplanting site locations and the species
planted there:
Table 1.Outplanting Sites
Title Location Dimensions Species
A 1 North Entrance
(South)
138’(South)x 48’(West)x
33’(East)
Wiliwili,Milo,Kou,Alahe e,
A ali I,Naupaka,Kukui
A 2 North Entrance
(North)
100’(West)x 118’(North)x
10 (East)x 10’(South)
Wiliwili,Milo,Kou,Alahe e,
A ali I,Naupaka,Kukui
E 1 Road Corridor to
Keawe Housesite
78’(West)x 80’(South)All Species
E 2 Road Corridor to
Keawe Housesite
45’(West)x 160’(South)Wiliwili,Milo,Kou,Alahe e,
A ali I,lei and Naupaka
I Keawe Housesite 45’(West)x 43’(South)
O Beach Trail/Gov.Rd.45’(West)x 119’(South)Milo,Kou,Naupaka,kulikuli,
Ilima
U Beach Area 50’(West)x 122’(South)Milo,Kou,Naupaka,kulikuli,
Ilima
H 1 Hilea
Stream/Kahawai
34’(West)x 82’(South)
K Intertidal Flats ~50 yards x ~25 yards kulikuli,Ilima,Naupaka
L Loko I’a/Springs n/a kulikuli,Ilima,Naupaka,Milo,
Kou,Niu
M Beach Road 78’(West)x 80’(South)All Species
N Southern Coast Ka al iki to Ka ili ili Bay kulikuli,Ilima,Naupaka
P Beach Cross trail 45’(West)x 119’(South)All Species
W Spring Cross trail 45’(West)x 119’(South)All Species
c. Timeline
Exhibit A
This project is one component of the ongoing efforts of N Mamo O Kw to
steward and care for the native ecosystem,recreational resources,and cultural sites at
Kw .These efforts will continually involve reforestation and revegetation actions,the
scope of this plan with respect to duration is not limited.As the goals and objectives of N
Mamo O Kw adapt,the longterm chronological scope of this project will be adjusted
accordingly.
The following table outlines the cycle of each outplanting site for the first 12 months
of plan implementation:
Action Timeline (12 Month Period)
Literature Review/Consultation Month 12 (with periodic consultation
for project duration)
Purchase/Collect Seedlings and Seeds Month 23
Propagate Month 25
Outplant Month 28
Monitor Month 212
Report Month 12
d. Consultants/Collaborators
In order to ensure that N Mamo O Kw is employing ethical,appropriate and
scientifically sound methods in the implementation of this plan,consultation with botanists,
ecologists,landplanners,cultural practitioners,stakeholders,and any other relevant entities
will be conducted throughout the duration of the project.This will undoubtedly enhance the
integrity of the plan and lead to increased success in achieving the project objectives.
The following individuals and organizations have provided and continue to provide
advice and consultation to N Mamo O Kw during the course of this plan’s execution:
i. Dr.Ron Terry
ii. Dr.Patrick Hart
iii. Dr.Susan Cordell
iv. George Akau
v. Kama Dancil
vi. Palikapu Dedman
vii. Don Goo
viii. Nohea Ka’awa
ix. John Replogle
x. Nature Conservancy
xi. Ka Ohana O Honuapo
xii. Ka Ahahui O Ka Nahelehele
xiii. Hawaii Island Seed Bank
xiv. Townscape,LLC
Exhibit A
xv. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
IV. Objectives/Actions
a. Propagate Native Plants
i. Collect Seeds/Seedlings
Through consultation with expert botanists,cultural practitioners and ecologists,
seeds will be collected in a manner that optimizes genetic strength and is consistent with
traditional Hawaiian cultural protocol.Seeds may also be obtained from seed banks and
parties interested in donating or selling genetically appropriate seeds and
seedlings/saplings.All seeds will be labeled in order to determine,origin,date of
collection,and other information relating to specific phenotypes and varieties.Seeds will
be appropriately stored until pretreatment and germination.
Sanitary transport protocols implemented by field workers and the revegetation
specialist sufficiently address the potential of potted plants acting as vectors.These
measures include careful visual inspection,ant bait sticks,washing,and sanitation.
ii. OnSite Cultivation
Seedlings will be acclimated and seeds will be germinated at or in close
proximity to their respective outplanting sites to maximize survival rates.Currently
established native and noninvasive trees will provide shading for germination and for
windprotection.As they grow seedlings will be transplanted into the appropriate size
containers and medium will be amended with dirt and soil found at the site.This will
optimize acclimation and potentially ensure that microbiological organisms found in the
site’s soil familiarize with seedling rootsystems prior to outplanting.
b. Invasive Species Control
Invasive species eradication efforts will be focused at outplanting sites,along the
shoulder of the access road,and in areas where native plants are being most impacted
by the negative effects of alien flora.Some areas will have the invasive species merely
controlled through mowing/pruning.Whenever feasible,complete removal through the
use of hand tools and power tools will be conducted.Volunteers and maintenance
contractors will be trained to identify the target invasive species and distinguish them
from their native counterparts.
Table 2 –Target Invasive Species outlines the species of most concern and the
preferred removal/control method:
Table 2.Target Invasive Species
Species Method of Removal/Control
Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum)Pickaxe,HandPull/Weedwacker,Sickle
ChristmasBerry (Schinus terebinthifolia)Chainsaw/Lopper
Haole Koa (Leucaena leucocephala)Chainsaw/Lopper,Sledge Hammer,Pickaxe
Lantana (Lantana Camara)Pickaxe/Lopper
Misc.Alien Species Appropriate Method for Plant Type and Size
Exhibit A
Upon removal,larger trees and branches will be mulched utilizing a wood
chipper and resulting waste matter will be appropriately disposed of and spread within
the project area.Extreme care will be taken to ensure the mulch and waste is used in a
beneficial manner and does not spread disease or negatively impact the ecosystem and
plantings.
c. Outplanting
i. Select Locations
Site selection was conducted through the utilization of an archaeological survey
map to ensure no outplanting is conducted in areas with sensitive cultural sites or
burials.Consultation with literature and experts as well as onsite inspection and
analysis determined optimum site preparation and soil amendments.All sites were
selected to maximize survival rates and viability.When possible,currently established
native flora already flourishing in the area determined site selection.
ii. Amend/Prepare Sites
Each outplanting site is amended appropriately and is appropriately landscaped
to ensure adequate lighting and soil drainage.Fertilizer is applied according to the
needs of each species and hardpacked soil is loosened using hand tools.
iii. Outplant
Seedlings/saplings are planted in their respective outplanting sites,fertilized and
watered in accordance with best practices for each species.Community groups and
volunteers are involved during outplanting in order to provide genuine educational
experiences and establish more profound personal connections between community
members and the native ecological resources and sacred geography of Kw .
d. Monitoring and Maintenance
Monitoring and maintenance is conducted by the revegetation specialist,N
Mamo O Kw volunteers,community members and other contractors working through
the Kw Stewardship Project.
i. Watering
Watering is conducted by N Mamo O Kw volunteers,the revegetation
specialist and contractors procured through the Kw Stewardship Project.Watering
will mostly be conducted using a 55gallon water tank on the back of a truck or trailer.
Water pails will be hauled by hand to the planting sites that are not reachable by hose
from the water tank and truck.
Watering is performed in a manner specific to the needs of each species and
watering schedules are developed by following expert consultation and literature review.
Exhibit A
ii. Feeding
Feeding is conducted by N Mamo O K w volunteers,the revegetation
specialist and contractors procured through the Kw Stewardship Project.Feeding
consists of dry fertilizers and supplemental periodic liquid foliar feeding.Feeding is
performed in a manner specific to the needs of each species and feeding schedules and
nutrient ratios are developed by following expert consultation and literature review.
iii. Data Collection
Data collection is conducted by N Mamo O Kw volunteers,the revegetation
specialist and contractors procured through the Kw Stewardship Project.Data sheets
and methodology will eventually be drafted in a manner consistent with the
recommendations of professional ecologists,scholars and land managers.The data
sheets include collection location and date of seed and or saplings being outplanted,
nursery location and growth rates,date of out planting,size and abundance,and date of
maturity.Size and abundance of out planted plants will be measured once per quarter.
The following data points are of particular importatnce:(1)founder plant locality (for
tracing genetic lineage)and time of harvest,(2)date of out planting,and (3)health
(size)and population size (abundance)of native species (outplants,established plants,
and volunteers).
Exhibit A
Appendix A Species List
Species*Habitat Family
Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis)Dry Forest Fabaceae (Pea or Legume Family)
Alahe e (Psydrax odorata)Dry Forest Rubiaceae (Coffee Family)
ali I (Dodonea viscosa)Dry Forest Sapindaceae (Soapberry Family)
Milo (Thespesia populnea)Coastal/Dry Forest Malvaceae (Mallow Family)
lei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia)Dry Forest Rosaceae (Rose Family)
Kou (Cordia subcordata)Coastal/Dry Forest Boraginaceae (Borage Family)
Naupaka (Scaevola sericea)Coastal Goodeniaceae (Goodenia Family)
Akulikuli (Sesuvium portulacastrum)Coastal Aizoaceae (FigMarigold Family)
*No species included in the K w Native Revegetation Plan are listed under the Endangered Species
Act
Appendix B General Growth Requirements
Species Germination Soil Mix Feeding Watering (Mature)
Wiliwili (Erythrina
sandwicensis)
3:0.5 –Perlite:Mix 88 8 NPK (6 Months)Only During Drought
Alahe e (Psydrax odorata)3:1 Perlite:Mix 88 8 NPK (6 Months)Monthly
A ali I (Dodonea viscosa)3:1 Perlite:Mix or
Fine Black Cinder
None Only During Drought
Milo (Thespesia populnea)3:1 –Perlite:Mix 88 8 NPK (3 Months)Monthly
lei (Osteomeles
anthyllidifolia)
3:1 –Perlite:Mix 88 8 NPK (3 Months)Monthly
Kou (Cordia subcordata)3:1 –Perlite:Mix 88 8 NPK (3 Months)Monthly
Naupaka (Scaevola sericea)3:1 –Perlite:Mix None Only During Drought
Akulikuli (Sesuvium
portulacastrum)
3:1 Perlite:Mix None Only During Drought
The above table was compiled using information found in LilleengRosenberger,Kerin E.Growing
Hawai i's Native Plants:A Simple Stepby step Approach for Every Species.Honolulu,Hawai i:Mutual
Pub.,2005.Print.
Appendix C –Outplanting Sites
Exhibit A
A2 Northern Entrance (North)–Volunteer Alahe e (Psydrax odorata),Noni (Morinda citrifolia),and Monkey pod
tree (Albizia saman)growing among controlled Haole Koa (Leucaena leucocephala);Guinea Grass (Panicum
Maximum)and Christmas Berry (Schinus terebinthifolia)
A2 Northern Entrance (North)–Volunteer ali I (Dodonea viscosa)growing among controlled Haole Koa
(Leucaena leucocephala);Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum)and Christmas Berry (Schinus terebinthifolia)
Exhibit A
O –Beach Trail/Gov.Rd.(North)–Volunteer stand of Alahe e (Psydrax odorata)growing among controlled Haole
Koa (Leucaena leucocephala);Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum)and Christmas Berry (Schinus terebinthifolia)
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
Exhibit A
1
N MAMO O K W
(NMOK)
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
(January 2018)
Exhibit B
2
Emergency Response
The intention of this document is to provide all the involved parties a clear and
precise outline of the necessary courses of action in the case of an emergency. This
response plan entails the procedures necessary for an emergency at K w , which is
approximately ten miles away from an emergency medical care facility (Ka Hospital).
The entire emergency response includes not only maintaining care for the victim, but
assuring the immediate safety for remaining participants and leaders, communicating an
effective evacuation plan, communicating the incident to appropriate parties, including
families, school/organization administrators, and emergency rescue personnel.
All designated project/work leads and appropriate administration and faculty must
be familiar with the procedures in this outline. In the event of an emergency, determine
the type of emergency and follow the procedures described in this section. Types of
emergencies include death, life threatening, serious injury/illness, or minor injury/illness.
A specific response plan will accommodate the type of emergency as determined by the
project/work lead and communicated to emergency response services.
NMOK-designated leads must be aware of the realities regarding injuries and
illness while they are at K w (both serious and minor) in order to deal with them
effectively. Due to the relatively remote location of K w , professional medical
assistance, while ten miles away, may be required to access the accident site via off-road
vehicle, by foot, or helicopter, depending on the level of emergency and location of
accident site. NMOK-designated leads must maintain leadership in these situations and
provide for the physical and emotional safety of all participants. NMOK-designated
Exhibit B
3
leads must not in any way endanger themselves physically or emotionally on behalf of
the injured parties thereby decreasing the safety of the rest of the group.
NMOK-designated leads must remain calm and confident during emergencies.
Failure to do so will increase the level of anxiety within the group. NMOK-designated
leads should be in clear control of the situation, yet listen to any suggestions that other
participants may have – ultimately final decisions rest with the NMOK-designated lead.
Since each situation is unique, NMOK-designated leads must remain flexible in
their response. The key to properly responding to an emergency is to remain calm, assess
the situation carefully before acting, and continue to reassess your strategy throughout.
There are two basic things to be done: care for the injured party, and care for the rest of
the group. The more severe the situation, the more both populations will need the care
and support of the NMOK-designated lead.
NMOK-designated leads are responsible for constructing an action plan for
treatment and evacuation. NMOK-designated leads will develop a plan for treatment and,
if necessary, evacuation. NMOK-designated leads are also responsible for
communicating the necessary information to emergency services. The communication
protocols are discussed later. It is important to note that NMOK-designated leads make
the decision in the field and do not rely upon consultation from outside sources, unless
explicitly presented by emergency services or the NMOK Executive Director.
Types of emergencies:
Death – Typically, the utilization of outside resources and agencies will be for the
recovery of the deceased’s body and moving it to a proper facility. The group should not
undertake this procedure, as it must be left to the appropriate authorities, who may
Exhibit B
4
conduct a criminal investigation and submit an official report regarding the cause of
death. A team from the appropriate authority will be required to remove the body. The
NMOK-designated leads must be present with documentation to convey the details of the
incident.
Life Threatening Illness/Injury – Injured party has a condition which requires
immediate evacuation and advanced life care. In the case of an expedited evacuation, an
outside agency may commit resources including motorized vehicles (4WD, Helicopters,
etc…). Only patients needing immediate evacuation and advanced care will proceed via
the limited motorized means. The evacuation of the remaining group should only occur
according to the policies listed below under Group Evacuation Policy, and with the
supervision of the NMOK-designated lead. The speed of the evacuation is ultimately
determined by the responding organization, who may choose an alternative plan than
requested by NMOK-designated lead.
Serious Injury/ Illness –Injured party has a condition which will need advanced
medical treatment. The patient will need to visit a hospital or advanced medical center
immediately upon exit from K w . A hasty evacuation is necessary, as the patient’s
condition may become life threatening if not treated in an advanced care facility. In the
case a group can not perform a safe and hasty evacuation; the notification team will
request assistance of an outside agency or group.
Minor Injury/ Illness - Injured party has a condition which may require
advanced medical treatment, yet does not immediately present a serious threat to the
patient’s life. Typically, life and limb are safe for an extended period. Injured party, if
capable, can exit K w on their own or with the assistance of the group. Only when an
Exhibit B
5
injured party or NMOK or any other participant is unable to offer any power to their
evacuation, should outside assistance be notified. An evacuation will be necessary only if
the group is unable to safely transport the injured party.
The key medical leader (member of the participating team with the most medical
training and experience, to be designated prior to trip; not necessarily the NMOK-
designated lead) is to accompany the patient until s/he is in the care of medical personnel.
If a search and rescue team is required, contact the local Fire Department.
Emergency Call Guide
Red Call – Life Threatening Emergency, response time Immediate
Yellow Call – Urgent Medical or behavioral situation, response time 1-2 hours
Green Call – Concerning ‘stable’ situation,
response time 1-4hrs
Evacuation Decision – to be determined by NMOK-designated leads; a notification
team should only be assembled in the case of Red Call when an evacuation utilizing
outside assistance/resources is needed. The type of emergency and the available resources
will determine the type of response and evacuation options. The NMOK-designated leads
must determine the plan based on what the victim’s condition entails and what is
available to them.
Exhibit B
6
Can Incident
participant walk
on Own Power?
No.
Can Incident
participant walk
out with
assistance?
Yes. Walk out
carefully with
group
No.
Can group
evacuate
Incident
participant
Yes. Disperse gear
among rest of group,
develop plan, and
evacuate w/an
appropriate pace.
Yes. Develop a plan
and evacuate the
Incident participant.
No. Establish a
rescue site, develop
a plan, and organize
a Notification Team
Notification team to
relay necessary
emergency
information. Wait
for emergency
personnel and
evacuation team.
Exhibit B
7
NMOK-Designated Leads
NMOK-designated leads are typically participants who have been designated by
their participating organization/school as the leader; NMOK-designated leads are also
participants who have been evaluated by NMOK and determined suitable for the role.
NMOK-designated leads may also be members of NMOK. NMOK-designated leads
assume responsibility for the project, beginning in the planning stages and following
through until evaluation. In the case of an emergency, NMOK-designated leads assume
leadership of the group and delegate responsibility: group members should assist in
patient care if needed, locate positions on the map, prepare rescue sites, etc. NMOK-
designated leads will have in their possession or on-site copies of each participant’s
waiver and medical history.
Notification Team
The Notification Team is comprised of members of the work project who have the
ability to reach emergency services via technology or are capable of reaching a location
where they can contact emergency services.
NMOK Emergency Contact
The NMOK Emergency Contact will be the NMOK Executive Director unless
otherwise determined prior to the work project that a default will be used. In the case that
the NMOK Executive Director is not available to act as the NMOK Emergency Contact,
an NMOK member/volunteer/coordinating contractors will be designated as the NMOK
Emergency Contact. The Default NMOK Emergency Contact will be designated prior to
work project and indicated within the work project plan as the Primary NMOK
Emergency Contact to be contacted by the NMOK-designated lead and/or Notification
Exhibit B
8
Team. The NMOK Emergency Contact will have a list of the attending participants and
the signed waivers. The list will be handed to the NMOK Emergency Contact or placed
in a designated location. The NMOK Emergency Contact assumes the role of an
Emergency Coordinator, serving as liaison between the work group, response
team/emergency services and any other party. The NMOK Emergency Contact may
choose to override the treatment/evacuation plan of the NMOK-designated lead only in
the case of any apparent oversight by the NMOK-designated lead.
NMOK Emergency Contact: James J. Akau
Default: Ryan Kanakaole
Work Project Representative (WPR)
The WPR is an individual that represents participating organization/school
administration and assumes the role of providing information to the appropriate
institutional representatives. This person will be designated prior to an outing and
indicated within the specific work project plan as the Primary person to be contacted by
the NMOK Emergency Contact. The NMOK Emergency Contact will provide the WPR,
with work project plans include a list of activity locations/routes and a list of the
attending participants and trip leaders. The WPR is contacted at the discretion of the
NMOK Emergency Contact, depending upon the scope of the emergency. Not all
incidents need to be immediately reported to the WPR, but should be reported in a timely
manner. Any time a Red Call is initiated and emergency services outside of NMOK are
utilized, the NMOK Emergency Contact will automatically contact the WPR.
Exhibit B
9
Communication Protocol
It is important to understand that all information regarding a catastrophic incident or
injury is sensitive, particularly for the incident victims and their families. NMOK is
sensitive in providing information and support in response to this type of incident. Only
acknowledged representatives of NMOK or the participating organization/school should
speak in an official capacity to the media, family members, or others who may inquire
about the incident. The purpose of this communication protocol is to consolidate
information about the incident in a localized place, where it can be sorted and used to
provide support to the incident participants, their families, and the community.
If emergency medical attention or search and rescue are required, the following protocols
will be initiated:
Step 1: NMOK-designated leads will contact the appropriate emergency response
system in the county where the injury/accident occurred to initiate an evacuation.
Emergency services can be contacted from the field using either a cell phone or the two-
way radio on-site that is equipped with an emergency signal. If trip leaders are unable to
contact emergency services directly from the field, a notification team will be assembled
to return to the last known location where a signal is available.
Step 2: The Notification Team will contact the appropriate emergency services and/or
contact the NMOK Emergency Contact notifying them that they are receiving a Red Call.
NMOK-designated leads and/or the notification team only need to contact the NMOK
Emergency Contact first if they are not able to directly contact emergency services.
Exhibit B
10
Initiation of emergency services will start from the group in the field in order to provide
the most direct line of communication between the incident participants and the services
that will provide support.
NMOK-designated leads and/or Notification team will provide the following
information to both Emergency Services and the NMOK Emergency Contact:
o Description of incident and involved participants
o Participants’ condition and treatment plan as initiated at site by NMOK-
designated leads
o Group location
o Notification team’s location
o Specific instructions from the NMOK-designated leads
o Gear needs
o Medical needs
o Site considerations
o Evacuation plan
o Communication plan between notification team and emergency services
(this may best involve the NMOK Emergency Contact)
Step 3: NMOK Emergency Contact will initiate an administrative emergency response
plan by first notifying search and rescue that NMOK is aware of the situation and offer
assistance; depending on the situation the NMOK Emergency Contact may choose to
serve as liaison between emergency services and the NMOK-designated leads; typically,
it is best for emergency services to interact directly with the NMOK-designated leads in
the field at the accident. The NMOK Emergency Contact will then notify the WPR that
Exhibit B
11
they are receiving a Red Call. Anytime a Red Call is initiated by the NMOK Emergency
Contact, the information provided by the NMOK-designated lead or notification team in
Step 2 will be relayed to the WPR. The NMOK Emergency Contact will also keep the
WPR apprised of any additional information provided by search and rescue.
Step 4: Work Project Representative will initiate an administrative response by starting
a communication chain. The WPR will contact the necessary administrators ti inform
them that a participant has been involved in a life threatening emergency and/or death.
The information from step 2 will be provided to individuals involved in the
communication chain and will be updated as new information arrives.
Exhibit B
12
Communication with the Media
NMOK-designated leads and participants should concentrate their discussion of the
details of the incident with emergency professionals responding to the incident and/or the
NMOK Emergency Contact. It is important to understand that all information regarding a
catastrophic incident or injury is sensitive. Only NMOK or organization/school
representatives should speak to the media, family members, or others who may inquire
about the incident. It is not the intention of NMOK to remain isolated or reclusive in the
case of an emergency. Our Emergency Response Plan promote the acquirement of
knowledge of the incident, including potential reviews, for the purpose of disclosing to
all involved a thorough understanding of the incident. The purpose of focusing
information from a sole source during the emergency is to honor the privacy of all
involved, to concentrate on the immediacy of the incident, to provide support to the
incident participants and to thoroughly collect information.
Following is a flow chart, highlighting the intended communication flow during an
emergency.
Exhibit B
13
NMOK-designated lead
gives directions/messages
Notification Team
contacts:
NMOK Emergency
Contact
Emergency Services
Emergency Services
Family/Contacts:
family of incident
participants
Participating Organization Administration
Resource Personnel
For Internal / External
Review
WPR
Exhibit B
14
Incident Reporting
An incident is defined as any occurrence in which a participant or NMOK-designated
lead requires assistance to overcome a situation that has occurred that presents serious
danger. Incidents typically occur from the presence of a risk that has not been managed
effectively and causes an injury, illness, incapacitation, gear damage, etc. The purpose of
incident reporting is to document the actions which led to the incident and to review for
educational purposes. Incident reporting is intent on providing a constructive format for
the review of an incident and insight into potential incidents within a program. The
incident report may then serve as evidence for further reviews and revisions of the
program. Incidents are reported on the NMOK incident report form by the NMOK-
designated lead and presented to the NMOK Executive Director and WPR.
Important Phone Numbers
911: Any emergency.
Emergency Services Contact / Consultation
Naalehu Station (nonemergency) (808) 935-3311 Law Enforcement
Captain Kenneth Quiocho (808) 939-2520
Fire/Ambulance 911 911
Medical Resources
Pahala Ka’u Hospital
1 Kamani Street
(808) 932-4200
Naalehu Bay Clinic
95-5583 Hawaii Belt Rd
(808)929-7311
Exhibit B
15
NMOK Incident Report Form
Date: Name of Reporter:
NMOK-Designated Lead:
Planned Activity:
Project Name (if any):
Incident Participants:
Incident Description:
Location/Time:
Activity:
Causal factors:
Witnesses:
Post-Incident Actions (how the patient was treated, group maintained, communication
established, etc.):
Exhibit B
16
Injury description:
Care provided:
Possible Complications:
Communication Log
Who was contacted?
When?
What information was provided?
Exhibit B
NĀ MAMO O KĀWĀ (NMOK)
Health and Safety Plan
January 2018
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The projects undertaken by staff, member, contractors, and volunteers on behalf of Nā
Mamo O Kāwā (NMOK), will involve field operations on the ahupua'a of Kāwā, Hīlea Iki,
Hīlea Nui, Ka’ū District, TMKs: 3-9-5 16:006 and 025, 3-9-5-17:005 and 007 (Kāwā). The
work activities performed at these locations will subject personnel to hazards related to both
site conditions and the nature of the operations. It is NMOK’s intent to ensure hazards are
identified and properly controlled to minimize risk to NMOK staff, contractors, members,
volunteers, and the general public. NMOK is committed to full compliance with all
applicable federal and local occupational safety and health regulations that may apply to
work activities.
The NMOK Health and Safety Plan (HSP) presents elements of NMOK’s Health and
Safety Program that apply generally for all field operations. The HSP is a reference source
for task-specific, safe work procedures that can be applied to a variety of operational
conditions. This HSP complies with the requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Hawaii Occupational Health &
Safety Division (HIOSH) regulations. The scope and applicability of this HSP ranges to all
NMOK employees, NMOK authorized contractors and subcontractors, NMOK members
and volunteers, and all other personnel performing a function at the direction of the NMOK.
Other agencies, not under the auspice of the NMOK, are responsible for developing their
own safety plans and additional criteria as needed.
All NMOK plan and procedures may be waived at the express authority of the senior NMOK
safety person and one member from senior management.
ES-1 Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan H&S Mgmt
1. INTRODUCTION
The HSP specifies the requirements and safe work procedures that will be enforced during
all NMOK field operations.
This HSP meets the requirements and follows the guidelines established in Title 29 of the
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1926 (29 CFR 1926), Safety and Health Regulations for
Construction (OSHA). Policies and procedures within this HSP were also based on best
practices identified in the Hawaiʻi natural and cultural resource conservation and
management sector.
1-1 Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan H&S Mgmt
2. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Management of health and safety requires that a management organization be established
for each project. The organizational structure will be standardized for each NMOK project,
and will consist of the following positions and responsibilities.
2.1 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
NMOK’s Executive Director is ultimately responsible for ensuring that all activities are
completed in accordance with requirements set forth in this HSP.
Programmatic management and technical aspects of this responsibility are delegated to the
NMOK members and volunteer leaders performing the task. However, the Executive Director
is responsible for ensuring that work activities are performed safely.
2.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGER
NMOK’s Executive Director oversees, as the Health and Safety Manager (HSM), the
technical and programmatic aspects of NMOK’s Health and Safety Programs. In addition,
the Executive Director provides specific health and safety support, developing and
coordinating each project-specific task, as required. The Executive Director is also the
contact for regulatory agencies on matters of safety and health. Other HSM related
responsibilities include the following:
General health and safety program administration
Conducting project health and safety audits
Developing site-specific employee and community emergency response plans, as
required, based on expected project hazards
Determining the level of personal protection required
Updating equipment or procedures based on information obtained during site
operations
Implementing employee exposure procedure
Determining medical monitoring as needed
2.2.1 Health and Safety Professionals
For each project the Executive Director is not directly involved in, the Executive Director will
delegate operational authority for performance of H&S duties to an individual working on
that project, who must be one of the NMOK directors, officers, or senior member-
volunteers. That individual will become the assigned Health and Safety Professional
(H&SP)
The H&SP will provide the project with all H&S-related technical services and support, and
reports directly to the Executive Director.
2.3 PROGRAM MANAGER
Each Program Manager is responsible for coordinating with contractors and volunteers to
complete all projects in accordance with requirements set forth in the HSP. The Program
Manager will confer with the Executive Director on all matters affecting health and
safety. The Executive Director can serve as program manager. Other responsibilities include
the following:
2-1 Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan H&S Mgmt
Ensuring that a H&SP has been assigned for the project.
Reading and becoming familiar with the applicable portions of the HSP
Maintaining compliance with the HSP and other safety regulations
Approving in writing any addenda to the HSP
Ensuring that site personnel have received the proper training and medical clearance
(as designated in the HSP and/or other H&S documents) prior to entering the site
Discussing potential health and safety hazards with the Executive Director or
designated H&SP
Requiring a prompt and thorough investigation of all accidents, including completing
a Report of Injury and providing Executive Director with original report and a copy
within 24 hours of incident.
2.4 FIELD MANAGER
At each fieldwork site, a Field Manager (FM) will manage all NMOK contractor, and
volunteer activities at the site, and implement the specified H&S procedures. A program
manager may also serve as an FM. This includes communicating site requirements to all
involved in work; observing that all field leaders and contractors enforce all provisions of the
HSP and other H&S documents; working with and consulting with the H&SP regarding
any necessary changes to H&S requirements. Other responsibilities include the following:
Reading and becoming familiar with the applicable portions of this HSP
Enforcing the HSP and other safety regulations
Maintaining the presence of at least two qualified first aid providers on-site at all times
2.4.1 Site Safety Officer
The FM or designated alternate will serve as the Site Safety Officer (SSO) for each field
location, and will be responsible for the execution of the routine onsite duties for health and
safety. The SSO will receive assistance and direction from the designated H&SP. The
responsibilities of the SSO include the following:
Conducting periodic safety reviews of the project site and project documents
Performing regular and frequent site inspections to identify hazards and observe
employees at work
Stopping work, as required, to maintain personal and environmental health and safety
Determining emergency evacuation routes, identifying and posting local emergency
telephone numbers, and arranging emergency transportation
Ensuring that all site personnel and visitors have received the proper training and
medical clearance prior to entering the site
Establishing any necessary controlled work areas
Presenting tailgate safety meetings, and maintaining attendance logs and records
2-2
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan H&S Mgmt
Discussing potential health and safety hazards with the Executive Director or
H&SP.
2.4.2 Work Location Coordinators
Where project sites consist of geographically separated work locations, the H&SP will appoint
an individual at each location who will be responsible for H&S coordination.
2.5 CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS
Each NMOK contractor is responsible for assigning specific work tasks to their employees,
and for ensuring that their personnel are properly trained and participate in health and safety
programs that fulfill the requirements specified in the HSP (e.g., hearing conservation). Each
contractor's management will provide qualified employees and allocate sufficient time,
materials, and equipment to safely complete assigned tasks. In particular, each contractor is
responsible for equipping its personnel with any required personal protective equipment
(PPE).
NMOK considers each contractor to be an expert in all aspects of the work they contracted
to provide. Each contractor is responsible for compliance with regulatory requirements that
pertain to their services. Each contractor is expected to perform its operations in accordance
with its own unique safety policies and procedures to ensure that hazards associated with
the performance of the work activities are properly controlled. Copies of any safety
documents required for a contractor's work activities will be available for NMOK to review
prior to the start of onsite activities. In the event that contractor procedures or
requirements do not match requirements specified in the H&S documents, the more stringent
guidance will be adopted.
Hazards not listed in any of NMOK’s applicable H&S documents that are known to any
subcontractor, or known to be associated with a subcontractor's services, must be
identified and addressed to the NMOK Executive Director or program manager prior to
beginning work operations. The Executive Director or authorized representative has the
authority to halt any contractor operations and remove any contractor or contractor
employee from the site for failure to comply with established health and safety procedures
or for operating in an unsafe manner.
Appendix A provides NMOK's General Safety Rules for Contractors, which will be
observed by all contractor organizations operating on a NMOK field site.
Onsite contractors and their personnel are responsible for reading, understanding, and
complying with all site H&S requirements. Contractors are required, at a minimum, to follow
the guidelines established in NMOK's H&S documents (or their own equivalent documents,
upon NMOK approval) and all relevant state and federal safety regulations. In addition,
contractors will develop safety guidance specific to work functions to supplement NMOK's
guidance for the contractor's personnel. Each contractor will designate a safety coordinator,
with the authority and responsibility to implement health and safety requirements for the
contractor's employees. The safety coordinator will also serve as the contractor's point of
contact with the Executive Director concerning safety issues.
2-3
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan H&S Mgmt
2.6 ONSITE PERSONNEL AND VOLUNTEERS
Each person (NMOK employee, contractor, or volunteer) is responsible for their own health
and safety, for completing assigned tasks in a safe manner, and for reporting any unsafe
acts or conditions to their supervisor or the Executive Director. All personnel are responsible
for continuous adherence to the specified health and safety procedures during the
performance of their work. No person may work in a manner that conflicts with the letter or
intent of safety and environmental precautions expressed in these procedures. After due
warnings, NMOK will dismiss from the work site any person who violates safety
procedures. NMOK employees are subject to progressive discipline and may be terminated
for blatant or continued violations.
All personnel working for NMOK and its contractors are required to read and acknowledge
their understanding of the HSP and any other applicable H&S documents. All visitors to
controlled work areas of any project site must likewise read and acknowledge their
understanding of the applicable H&S requirements. All personnel are expected to abide by
all written H&S requirements and any supplementary instructions, and cooperate with
supervisory personnel to ensure a safe and healthful work site.
All NMOK staff utilizing volunteers or contractors are responsible for ensuring that the NMOK
volunteer packet with all the information and liability waivers completed and signed. All
records must be filled out and filed with NMOK prior to utilizing volunteers or
contractors.
Site personnel are required to report any of the following to the Executive Director
immediately:
Accidents and injuries, no matter how minor
Unauthorized participants (persons without proper paperwork filled out)
Unexpected or uncontrolled releases of any hazardous substances
Any unsafe or malfunctioning equipment
Any changes in site conditions which may affect the health or safety of project
personnel
2-4
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
3. UNIVERSAL SAFE WORK PROCEDURES
The following requirements will be observed during all NMOK-managed work activities,
and apply equally for both NMOK and contractor personnel.
3.1 TRAINING
3.1.1 H&S Training
Due to the strenuous nature of work, extreme weather conditions, and remote location of
Kāwā, all NMOK staff shall have completed and maintain American Red Cross, American
Heart Association or equivalent CPR and first aid certifications . In addition some staff
members (such as those responsible for volunteers) may be required to complete a higher
level of safety training.
3.1.2 Onsite Training/Briefings
The following training/briefings will be conducted on site as part of each project.
Initial Orientation Briefing. The SSO will conduct a site safety orientation for every person
assigned to the project on the following occasions:
Before field personnel begin work at the site
When there are significant revisions or modifications to the HSP or other H&S
documents
When additional workers or contractors begin fieldwork
When authorized visitors are required to enter any active work area(s)
The site safety orientation will be documented by personnel signing a signature page. Records
from any additional meetings, including a list of attendees, will be maintained in the project H&S
file. At a minimum, the following must be included in the orientation and training meeting
agenda:
A review of the HSP and site-specific safety guidance
Verification of medical and safety training clearances
Fire safety training, fire extinguishment, and evacuation procedures
Distribution of the HSP and other site-specific safety guidance documents
Attendee signatures to acknowledge receipt and understanding of the documents and
an agreement to comply
3.1.3 Tailgate Safety Briefings
The SSO will conduct a tailgate safety briefing at the start of each workday to review and
discuss the health and safety issues associated with the work, problems encountered, and
modifications to existing procedures. These briefings will be documented with the tailgate safety
briefing sign-in log, located in Appendix A. The Executive Director maintains copies of the
tailgate safety briefing sign-in logs in the project files. All field personnel
3-1
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
associated with each day’s project activities are required to attend these meetings and sign
the log.
3.1.4 Hazard Communication
Any organization wishing to bring a hazardous material onto any NMOK work site must first
provide a copy of the item’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to the Executive
Director for approval and filing Copies of MSDSs will be maintained on site as well as in the
NMOK office records.. All personnel will be briefed on the hazards of any chemical product
they use, and will be aware of and have access to all MSDSs.
3.2 GENERAL SITE SAFETY RULES
The following general requirements apply to all onsite activities.
3.2.1 Smoking, Eating, and Drinking
Except where exempted by the Executive Director smoking, eating and drinking will not be
permitted inside any controlled work area at any time. Field workers will wash hands and face
immediately after handling any potentially contaminated materials and always prior to eating or
drinking. Consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited during NMOK activities.
3.2.2 Contact with Hazardous Materials
Field personnel will avoid contact with potentially hazardous substances. They will not
walk through and will avoid, whenever possible, tall grass, deep ravines, and unknown
objects.
All field personnel will use their senses to alert them to potentially dangerous situations.
3.2.3 Site Awareness
Field personnel will be familiar with the physical characteristics and requirements of the
work site, including the following:
Accessibility to equipment and vehicles
Communication
Site access
Emergency procedures and evacuation assembly points
Location of protective and emergency equipment,
Knowledge of first-aid procedures
The number of personnel and equipment in the hazardous area will be minimized, as
appropriate for the task.
3-2
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
3.2.4 Housekeeping
During site activities, work areas will be continuously policed for identification of excess trash
and unnecessary debris. Excess debris and trash will be collected and stored in an appropriate
container (e.g., plastic trash bags, garbage can, roll-off bin) prior to disposal. At no time will
debris or trash be intermingled with waste PPE or contaminated materials. Anyone observed
throwing contaminated material or PPE away with municipal wastes will be removed from the
site.
Water Supply. A water supply meeting the following requirements will be utilized:
Potable Water – An adequate supply of potable water will be available for field
personnel consumption. Potable water can be provided in the form of water bottles,
canteens, water coolers, or drinking fountains. Where drinking fountains are not
available, individual use cups and disposal containers will be provided. Potable water
containers will be properly identified in order to distinguish them from non-potable water
sources.
Non-Potable Water – Non-potable water may be used for hand washing and cleaning
activities. Non-potable water will not be used for drinking purposes.
Portable Toilet Facilities. Portable toilet facilities are located on premises at a designated
location.
Washing Facilities. Employees and volunteers will be provided washing facilities (e.g.,
buckets with water and soap) at a designated located.
3.2.5 Communications
Effective communication is essential to safe working conditions and the successful
completion of field projects. External communication will be maintained by NMOK using hand
held radios or cell phones. Radios or cell phones will be required during all activities to
facilitate communications with the Executive Director or authorized agent who will in turn
notify emergency response units (e.g., medics, fire department, etc.).
Onsite, personnel will communicate between work locations using hand held radios. At any
work site, communication will be performed using voice commands and hand signals. In the
event of a catastrophic event at any work location, the notice to evacuate will be given verbally
by the work task leader. A more complex evacuation system (e.g., use of horns) is not
required if work areas will be quite small.
3.3 NOISE EXPOSURE
Exposure to excessive noise can damage hearing ability and cause permanent hearing loss.
It is the intent of NMOK to prevent permanent hearing loss from noise exposures
occurring on our field sites.
3-3
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
Workers will use appropriate hearing protection when noise levels exceed 85 decibels on the
A-weighted scale (85 dBA). Workers may be exposed to hazardous levels of noise when
working within 25 feet of operating heavy equipment.
3.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Proper selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) depends upon a number of factors.
All use of PPE will conform to the requirements as well as the specifications provided below.
3.4.1 Head Protection
Employees will wear hard hats on work sites with large equipment or overhead hazards, or
as directed by the SSO. Where necessary, ear protection and face shields will be attached
to hard hats.
All hardhats will meet the requirements set forth by American National Standards Institute
(ANSI). Additional requirements (e.g., electrical or heat resistance) may be specified in other
applicable H&S documents.
3.4.2 Eye Protection
Eye protection will be worn on work sites at all times unless otherwise specified or directed
by the SSO. All selected eye protection will meet the following minimum requirements:
Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed
Provide reasonable comfort when worn under the designated conditions
Fit snugly and not unduly interfere with the wearer's movements
Be durable
Be easily cleaned and disinfected
Where specified due to particular work conditions, eye protection must also meet the impact
and durability standards set forth by ANSI. However, where this is not specified, the use of
commercial sunglasses will be permitted at work sites (due to the limited potential for high
velocity impact hazards associated with most NMOK work activities).
Persons whose vision requires correction and are required to wear eye protection may wear
goggles or spectacles of one of the following types:
Spectacles with protective lenses that provide optical correction (Rx)
Goggles that can be worn over corrective (Rx) spectacles without disturbing the
adjustment of the spectacles
Goggles that incorporate corrective (Rx) lenses mounted behind the protective lenses
3-4
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
3.4.3 Ear Protection
Appropriate hearing protection, including earplugs, canal caps, and ear muffs, will be
provided when noise may be a problem.
3.4.4 Foot Protection
NMOK employees will wear sturdy boots of at least ankle height (as appropriate) while
working on site. Sturdy boots with or without safety toes are appropriate for tasks where
contact with hazardous materials or heavy equipment is expected to be slight or
nonexistent. NMOK volunteers will be required to wear sturdy boots or shoes with boots of
at least ankle height recommended. Lightweight thin-soled shoes are not considered
appropriate footwear due to the nature of the site (thorns, rocks, etc.).
When off-duty or in the water, lightweight shoes, slippers, tabis, or surf booties can be
worn as appropriate.
3.4.5 Hand Protection
Employees will use appropriate hand protection when exposed to hazards that could cause
injury to the hands. Gloves must resist puncturing and tearing, and provide any necessary
resistance to physical abrasion or chemicals.
3.4.6 Body Protection
Protective clothing and body protection is selected on the basis of the tasks to be performed
and the physical hazards the worker may be exposed to. For all work areas other than ocean
related areas, appropriate work clothing will be worn that at least covers from the ankle to
shoulders. Tank- and halter-tops are never appropriate. Bathing suits, shorts, and cut-off
pants are also not appropriate. Substantial pants and long sleeves are required at work
locations where significant physical hazards are present.
3.5 ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT REPORTS
All accidents and incidents that occur on site during any field activity will be promptly reported
to the Executive Director. The Executive Director will provide timely notification to the
Program Manager. Reporting and documentation will conform to the following:
Personal Injury. The supervisor of the injured employee or work crew will initiate a written
report, using the Report of Incident Form (found in NMOK Emergency Response Plan)
within 24 hours of the incident.
Vehicle Accidents. Any motor vehicle incidents will be reported immediately to the
Executive Director. Supervisors will complete a Report of Incident for personnel that have
been involved in a vehicle accident or incident that results in damages to equipment or
vehicles in excess of $500.00. Motor vehicle incidents that occur on public highways are
normally investigated by the responsible law enforcement agency. Copies of relevant
reports will be obtained by the driver and forwarded to the Executive Director as soon as
possible.
3-5
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
3.6 EMERGENCY PLANNING
Emergency response plans that identify potential emergency situations (based on anticipated
fieldwork conditions) and provide the appropriate response actions will be developed and
presented. Provisions will also be made to have appropriate emergency equipment available
and in proper working condition. The following emergency response equipment will be
available at every project work location, unless otherwise specified.
3.6.1 First Aid Kits
Each major job site will have a first-aid kit meeting the following requirements:
1. First-aid supplies will be stored in weatherproof containers. The Executive Director will
verify the contents of each kit meets all regulatory requirements.
2. First-aid kits will be available at the job site at all times.
3. Use of any item from the first-aid kit will necessitate completion of an Accident/Injury
Report. The report will be submitted to the Executive Director within one working day.
4. First-aid kits will be inspected and restocked monthly.
3.6.2 Eyewash Units
Eyewash units will be utilized at the site. All units will be capable of supplying hands-free
irrigation for both eyes for at least 10 minutes at a flow rate of at least 0.25 gallons per minute.
3.6.3 Fire Extinguisher
A fire extinguisher with a minimum rating of 1-A, 10B, C will be available for use at the site at
all times. Site personnel will be readily aware of the location of the fire extinguisher at all
times, in the event of an incident where a fire extinguisher may be utilized.
4.2.2 On-Site Training
All lead project personnel will be trained about potential hazards at the site, and exposure
prevention or control measures. Field personnel will be
Instructed on the contents of applicable portions of this HSP
Made aware of task-specific physical hazards and other hazards that may be
encountered at the site
Made aware of fire prevention measures, fire extinguishment methods, and emergency
and evacuation procedures
3-6
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
The on-site-training will be performed on a daily basis. The initial on-site training will be
conducted by the Executive Director or designated representative before work activities begin.
Additional on-site training will be conducted by the SSO and will be documented on the Tailgate
Safety Briefing Sign-in Log.
4.1 SITE CONTROL
For all hazard operations, NMOK will manage site control in accordance with the
following requirements.
4.1.1 Controlled Work Areas
Controlled work areas will be designated around each work location where there is the
potential for encountering physical hazards related to any NMOK work activity.
Only personnel conforming to all requirements of this Section of the HSP, and any additional
specified requirements, are permitted to access controlled work areas. Controlled work areas
are those in which specific tasks are performed and associated hazards have been assessed
as common for the activity to be conducted. These types of Controlled Work Areas are
not to be confused with common Work Areas, in which multiple various activities may be
conducted.
Additionally, all personnel will be alert to prevent unauthorized or accidental entrance into
controlled-access areas. If such an entry occurs, the trespasser will be immediately escorted
outside the area, or all work at that location must cease.
4.1.2 Buddy System
When working all personnel will operate using the two-person concept (buddy system). All
personnel will operate in teams of two or more (single person entry into any controlled work
area is prohibited) and will maintain visual contact with each other at all times. Personnel
belonging to different organizations or volunteers can serve as “buddies” for each other.
4.1.3 Visitor Clearances
Visitors will not be allowed within any active work area unless they can demonstrate a need for
entry into the work area that is acceptable to the Executive Director. All visitors desiring to enter
any work must meet the following requirements:
The Executive Director has received written confirmation that each of the visitors has
received the proper training required by this plan. Verbal confirmation can be
considered acceptable if confirmation is provided by an officer or other authorized
representative of the visitor's organization and followed by submittal of necessary
documentation.
The visitor has been briefed on the hazards associated with the site activities being
performed, and has acknowledged receipt of this briefing by signing the appropriate
tailgate safety briefing form. Until these requirements have been met entry will not
be permitted.
4-1
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan General Work Procedures
4.2 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Often, personal protective equipment is required for protection from overexposure to
environmental hazards.
4.2.1 Respiratory Protection
Respiratory protection is not required, since concentrations of airborne contaminants are
expected to be below applicable action levels.
The following ensemble provides minimal levels of skin protection. Upgrades to greater levels
of protection will be executed as required in the monitoring guidelines outlined in the HSP.
Typical Equipment List
Normal Work Uniform
Hard hat (as required)
Safety glasses/faceshield (as required)
Safety-toe work boots (as required)
Hearing protection (as required)
4.2.2 Modified PPE Requirements
The need for the use of modified or stricter protective equipment is highly unlikely at most
NMOK field operations. Where analysis of site hazards indicates the potential for conditions
that are beyond the capabilities of standard PPE to provide adequate protection, additional
requirements will be specified by the Executive Director.
For any ongoing work operation where on-site monitoring indicates that standard PPE is
inadequate, the Executive Director will be contacted for further guidance. All work will be
halted until the Executive Director has prepared supplemental Health and Safety
requirements.
4-2
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Task Specific Procedures
5. TASK-SPECIFIC SAFE WORK PROCEDURES
The following procedures will be enforced for individual work tasks.
5.1 RECREATIONAL SWIMMING
All recreational swimming activities are done at the participant’s own risk. However, in an
abundance of causition by NMOK staff and NMOK volunteers will abide by the following
rules.
NMOK staff or designated volunteers will ensure the following steps are completed:
Conduct an initial, periodic, and final headcount.
Ensure that rescue fins and board are present on the beach and designate a
“rescue” person capable of using them.
Identify any unusual hazardous conditions likely to affect swimming, such as high
surf, high or low tide, marine hazards, etc…
All swimming activities shall cease if designated person in charge feels ocean
conditions or actions of swimmers are unsafe.
5-1
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Task Specific Procedures
5.2 VEHICLE OPERATIONS
All vehicles on NMOK job sites and facilities must observe a maximum speed limit of
10 miles per hour, unless otherwise posted.
All vehicles must be parked in authorized areas only.
There will be no passing of moving vehicles at job sites where there are narrow roads
and short-sight distances.
Vehicles will only be operated by personnel with valid licenses and good driving
records.
Vehicles will have all required inspection and operating permits.
Seat belts will be used.
5.3 SLIPS, TRIPS, FALLS, AND PROTRUDING OBJECTS
Hazards from protruding objects, careless movements, or placement of materials on paths
or foot traffic areas present a problem with regard to slips, trips, falls, and puncture wounds.
Personnel will use a reasonable amount of effort to prevent such injuries.
5.4 HAZARDOUS NOISE ENVIRONMENTS
Working around large equipment often creates excessive noise. The effects of noise can
include physical damage to the ear, pain, and temporary or permanent hearing loss. Workers
can also be startled, annoyed, or distracted by noise during critical activities.
Data indicates working within 25 feet of operating heavy equipment (chainsaws, earthworking
equipment, etc.) can result in exposure to hazardous levels of noise (levels greater than 90
dBA). Accordingly, all personnel are required to use hearing protection (ear plugs or ear
muffs) within 25 feet to any operating heavy equipment.
5.14 HAND AND PORTABLE POWER TOOL SAFETY
The use of hand and portable power tools during site activities is a potential source of
accidents. A fundamental program of using the right tool in a correct manner together with
proper maintenance and storage is necessary to prevent personal injury and property
damage. The following procedures will be used when performing operations involving
portable hand and power tools:
Each type of portable hand or power tool will be operated using the manufacturer’s
recommended operating procedures. Where specific operating procedures have not
been developed by the manufacturer, only personnel familiar with the safe operating
procedures of that equipment will be permitted to operate it. Only personnel who have
been appropriately trained in the use, operation, and proper handling of portable hand
and power tools will be permitted to do so. The Executive Director will ensure that only
trained personnel perform work activities with portable hand and power tools
5-2
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Task Specific Procedures
Appropriate personal protective equipment will be used by personnel using safety
features. Guards are not to be removed or rendered inoperative, unless written
permission is obtained from the Executive Director. Most portable hand and power
tools present a significant eye hazard to operating personnel, as well as personnel in
the immediate vicinity. The Executive Director will ensure that all personnel within the
immediate area are provided with protective eyewear
The Executive Director will conduct periodic inspections of portable hand and power
tools that are used at the site. Inspections will include both powered and non-powered
equipment
Any damaged, worn, or improper tool will be removed from service immediately, and will
remain out of service until it is repaired or replaced
5.16 HEAT STRESS PREVENTION
Heat stress can be a significant field site hazard. Depending on the ambient conditions and
the work being performed, heat stress can occur very rapidly, within as little as 15 minutes.
Site personnel will be instructed in the identification of a heat stress victim, the first-aid
procedures, and the prevention of heat stress casualties.
Workers will be encouraged to immediately report any difficulties or heat-related problems
that they experience or observe in fellow workers. Supervisors will use this information to
alter the work-break schedule to accommodate such problems. During breaks, workers will
be encouraged to drink plenty of water or other liquids to replace lost fluids and to help cool
off. If any worker exhibits signs of severe heat distress (such as profuse sweating, extreme
confusion and irritability, or pale, clammy skin) they will be relieved of all duties at once, and
encouraged to rest in a cool location and drink plenty of water. Anyone exhibiting symptoms
of heat stroke (red, dry skin, or unconsciousness) will be taken immediately to the nearest
medical facility, taking steps to cool the person during transportation (clothing removal, wet
the skin, air conditioning, etc.). Severe heat stress (heat stroke) is a life threatening condition
that must be treated by competent medical authority.
5.16.1 Heat Stress Monitoring
Heat stress-related accidents and illnesses are best prevented by continuous observation of
employees and routine heat stress awareness training activities. Heat stress monitoring can
be accomplished using one of the techniques discussed below.
1. Instrument Measurements. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) can be used to
determine the heat stress index, in accordance with the techniques specified in the most
recent edition of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, published
by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). WBGT
results will be used in conjunction with the Threshold Limit Values and Corrections
specified in the Heat Stress Section of the ACGIH document.
2. Direct Observation. In the absence of WBGT monitoring devices, heat stress
observations and monitoring may be accomplished by implementing a series of field
medical observations. Observation of sustained pulse rates is most commonly used .The
ACGIH recommends that individuals under 35 years old whose sustained heart rate
exceeds 160 beats per minute (bpm) and 140 bpm for those over 35 discontinue work
activities until the observed heart rate returns to normal.
5-3
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Task Specific Procedures
Any results obtained from monitoring techniques will be used as guidance only. To properly
mitigate the effects of heat stress, it is necessary to establish a work routine that incorporates
adequate rest periods to allow workers to remove protective clothing, drink fluids (vital when
extreme sweating is occurring), rest, and recover. The frequency and length of work breaks
must be determined by the individual work location supervisor based upon factors such as
the ambient temperature, sunshine, the amount of physical labor being performed, the
physical condition of the workers, and protective clothing being used. While heat stress
measurement techniques provide guidance in optimizing this routine, breaks must always be
sufficient to prevent workers from manifesting symptoms of heat stress, regardless of
monitoring results.
5.16.2 Heat-Related Illnesses
The following guidance can be used in the identification and treatment of heat related illness.
Heat Stress. This is the mildest form of heat-related illness. Victims exhibit irritability,
lethargy, and significant sweating. The victim may complain of headache or nausea. This is
the initial stage of overheating, and prompt action at this point may prevent more severe heat-
related illness from occurring.
First Aid: Provide the victim with a work break to relax, remove any excess protective
clothing, and drink cool fluids. If available, an air-conditioned spot is an ideal break
location. The victim may resume working once symptoms subside; however, the work
pace will be moderated to prevent recurrence of the symptoms.
Heat Exhaustion. This usually begins with muscular weakness, dizziness, nausea, and a
staggering gait. Vomiting is frequent. The bowels may move involuntarily. The victim is very
pale, has clammy skin, and may perspire profusely. The pulse is weak and fast, and breathing
is shallow. The victim may need to lie down to prevent fainting.
First Aid: Immediately move the victim from the work area to a shady or cool area with
good air circulation (avoid drafts or sudden chilling). Remove all protective outerwear.
Call a physician. Treat the victim for shock. (Make the victim lie down, and raise feet
6-12 inches. Keep the victim warm, but loosen all clothing). If the victim is conscious,
it may be helpful to provide sips of water. Transport victim to a medical facility as soon
as possible.
Heat Stroke. This is the most serious of heat illness, and represents the collapse of the
body’s cooling mechanisms. As a result, body temperatures often rise to between 105° and
110°F. As the victim progresses toward heat stroke, symptoms such as headache, dizziness,
and nausea, can be noted, and the skin is observed to be dry, red, and hot. Sudden collapse
and loss of consciousness follows quickly, and death is imminent if exposure continues. Heat
stroke can occur suddenly.
5-4
Exhibit C
January 2018 NMOK Health and Safety Plan Task Specific Procedures
First Aid: Immediately evacuate the victim to a cool and shady area. Remove all
protective outerwear and all personal clothing. Lay the victim on the back, with the
head and shoulders slightly elevated. Apply cold wet towels, ice bags, etc. to the head,
armpits, and thighs. Sponge off the bare skin with cool water or rubbing alcohol, if
available, or place the victim in a tub of cool water. The main objective is to cool
without chilling the victim. Give no stimulants or hot drinks. Since heat stroke is a
severe medical condition requiring professional medical attention, emergency
medical help will be summoned immediately to provide on-site treatment of the victim
and proper transport to a medical facility.
5.16.3 Skin Hazards
Sunburn and prickly heat are both symptoms of skin irritation and damage produced through
exposure to sunlight and operating in hot work environments. Protect exposed skin with an
appropriate sunscreen. A sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater is
recommended for a full day in the sun. Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, can be
prevented by the application of a hydrophobic, water repellent barrier cream, such as
Kerodex 71.
5-5
Exhibit C
Appendix A
General Safety Rules for
Contractors
Exhibit C
INTRODUCTION
The rules and requirements contained in this attachment have been written for the guidance of
Contractors who are performing work under contract with NMOK. This booklet prescribes
general requirements. Additional specific rules may be necessary to ensure the safety of
workers on a particular job. The contractor, working in collaboration with the NMOK
representative, will be expected to establish additional rules and procedures as necessary to
conduct a safe operation and comply with all NMOK, regulatory, and insurance requirements.
The term contractor, as used in this attachment, will be understood to include any and all
persons, sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or other business ventures under
contract, oral or written, to NMOK.
NMOK is responsible for informing its contractors of these requirements, directing and
supervising work of subcontractors, and assuring that its subcontractors adhere to the
requirements herein. NMOK may request contractor to provide proof of its adherence to all
rules and regulations, and will prohibit access to NMOK sites for those contractors not in
compliance.
In order to assist contractors in following these instructions, a NMOK Representative will be
assigned to the contractor to act as NMOK’s agent in all matters relative to work activities at
NMOK job sites. Under no circumstances will any work be started until the NMOK
Representative has been contacted, a job orientation has been conducted by the NMOK
Representative, and all permitting, insurance, NMOK, and regulatory pre-job requirements are
met.
The NMOK Representative and the Executive Director are authorized to stop any work that
they consider hazardous to NMOK personnel, volunteers, members, equipment, or
contractor personnel. This authority may be delegated to appropriate individuals.
GENERAL SAFETY RULES AND REQUIREMENTS
ACCIDENT REPORTING
All accidents (personal and property damage) will be reported orally to the
NMOK Representative as soon as emergency conditions no longer exist. A written report
will follow within 7 days after emergency conditions are resolved.
ALCOHOL, FIREARMS, AND ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES
Alcoholic beverages, illegal drugs or narcotics, or guns and ammunition are not permitted on
NMOK job sites. Personnel under the influence of alcohol or drugs will not be allowed on NMOK
job sites.
A-1
Exhibit C
SECURITY
For security reasons, entrance to and exit of NMOK facilities and job sites is restricted to
those areas designated as the subcontractor's work area.
SPEED LIMITS
All vehicles on NMOK job sites and facilities must observe a maximum speed limit of 10
miles per hour, unless otherwise posted.
VEHICLE SAFETY
All vehicles must be parked in authorized areas only.
There will be no passing of moving vehicles at job sites where there are narrow roads and
short-sight distances.
Vehicles will only be operated by personnel with valid licenses and good driving records.
Vehicles will have all required inspection and operating permits.
Seat belts will be used.
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
COMMUNICATION
Communication and coordination is vital to prevent accidents on work sites. Every worker
must be aware of equipment operating in his or her vicinity.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
NMOK’s fire equipment is not to be moved, relocated, or otherwise rendered
inaccessible, unless specific permission is granted in each case by the NMOK
Representative.
Emergency equipment such as first aid kits and eyewash kits are not to be moved, relocated, or
blocked without the express permission of the NMOK Representative.
FIRE PREVENTION
NMOK Representative, or their designee, is authorized to correct any condition which they may
consider a fire hazard. In any emergency, the site personnel should evacuate the area until
contact is made with the Executive Director or designee.
A-2
Exhibit C
MEDICAL SERVICE AND FIRST AID
Emergency Medical Service. Preplanned emergency medical service will be provided as
designated by subcontractor and approved by the NMOK Representative.
First Aid Kit. Each subcontractor will provide an employee first aid kit that meets minimum
OSHA requirements.
OVERHEAD WORK
No overhead work will be performed when, as a result of that work, the possibility of a falling
object striking any person exists. Do not work above any person at any time.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT
In certain construction and maintenance operations, personal protective equipment, such as
safety glasses, chemical goggles, respirators, hard hats, and protective clothing, is required.
The type of protective equipment to be worn will be determined by the degree of exposure to
the potential hazard. There will be very few occasions when hard hats and eye protection will
not be required at NMOK job sites. When in doubt of the safety measures to be observed,
contractor will contact the NMOK Executive Director. This will not; however, relieve
subcontractor of the responsibilities to determine appropriate protection.
Eye protection is required when engaging in operations such as the following:
Drilling, chipping, grinding, wire brushing
Handling caustics and acids
Breaking bricks or concrete
Hammering chisels, drift pins, etc.
Burning or welding
Other situations that create a possible eye hazard.
POWER TOOLS
Power and Air-Actuated Tools. Gasoline-powered, electric, or air-actuated tools are not to be
used on NMOK job sites without prior approval of the NMOK Executive Director. To obtain
approval, subcontractor must contact the NMOK Representative.
A-3 Exhibit C
SMOKING AND OPEN FLAMES
Smoking and the use of open flames are strictly prohibited in areas where flammable liquids,
gases, or highly combustible materials are stored, handled, or processed. Obey "No Smoking"
signs. Smoke only in designated areas.
SOLVENTS AND PAINTS
Adequate ventilation must be maintained at all times when paints or solvents are used.
Personnel will use proper respiratory protection and protective clothing when toxicity of the
material requires such protection.
Flammable solvents and materials must be used with extreme caution when possible sources
of ignition exist.
Flammable paints and solvents must be stored in an approved (Factory Mutual or
Underwriters Laboratories) flammable-liquids storage cabinet, when storage is required
inside the buildings. If an approved cabinet is not available, paints and solvents must be
removed from the building when not in use.
Flammable liquids must be dispensed in safety cans with flash arresters bearing a Factory
Mutual or Underwriters Laboratories approval. These containers must be clearly identified as
to their contents.
Material Safety Data sheets, for materials used by the contractor, will be maintained by
NMOK.
TOOLS
Hand and power tools will be kept in safe operating condition. Mushroomed heads on cold
chisels, star drills, etc., are unsafe and will not be used. Hammers will have handles that are
not cracked, split, or broken.
Nonsparking tools may be necessary in certain areas where flammable materials are handled
or where sparks could create an explosion.
TRANSPORTING MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
Tools, materials, and equipment must not be left unattended in access ways.
Tools, material, and equipment will not be removed from the job site without permission of
the NMOK Representative.
A-4
Exhibit C
Contractors are expected to brief their employees on these
requirements and enforce these rules with their employees.
NMOK management may stop or suspend work at any time the
Contractor fails to comply with NMOK rules
and regulations.
REGULATORY REFERENCES
(a) Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910 (29 CFR 1910), Occupational
Safety and Health Standards (USDOL/OSHA)
(b) HIOSH Standards
A-5 Exhibit C