HomeMy WebLinkAboutMulti-Hazard Mitigation Plan: 17. Shelters CIVIL DEFENSE AGENCY
COUNTY OF HAWAII
920 ULULANI STREET HILO,HAWAII 96720
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17. Shelters
Chapter 17:Shelters
CHAPTER 17 - SHELTERS
17.1 Public Emergency Shelters
Hawaii is vulnerable to a wide-range of emergencies and disasters ranging from hurricanes,
earthquakes, rockfalls, tsunamis, and floods. Hurricanes, above all others, are clearly the
most dangerous and capable of inflicting enormous damage and loss of life. Hurricanes
provide the greatest challenge to Civil Defense and emergency management agencies at all
levels of government.
In Hawaii, residents and visitors cannot move away from a storm, as they do on the U.S.
mainland,to reduce the life-threatening effects of a hurricane. They must remain in-place and
have immediately available hurricane resistant homes, businesses, hotels, public shelters,
etc., in which to seek refuge. In that regard, government in Hawaii has a more difficult
responsibility to provide for the health, safety and welfare of its citizens. Two important
aspects of this responsibility as it pertains to the hurricane hazard is the adoption of building
codes that afford hurricane protection to both public and private sector property, and the
provision of sufficient, reasonably provisioned hurricane resistant public shelters and
identification of reasonably hurricane-resistant buildings that can function as refuges during
the storm.
A list of all facilities currently used as emergency shelters in Hawaii County is given below.
North Kohala District
Kohala High and Elementary [S]
• Building X
Kohala Intermediate [S]
South Kohala District
Waikoloa Elementary [S]
Waimea Elementary [S]
• Building J
• Building B
• Building C
• Building E
• Building F
• Building G
• Building L
Waimea Intermediate
Waimea State Office Building
North Kona District
Holualoa Elementary
Kahakai Elementary [S]
• Cafeteria
• Building A
• Building B
• Building D
• Building F
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Kealakehe Elementary [S]
• Building B
• Building C
• Building D
• Building E
• Building F
• Building G
Kealakehe High [S/P]
• Building C
• Building V
• Building D
• Building E
• Building H
• Building G
• Building M
Kealakehe Intermediate [S]
• Building C
• Building F
• Building D
• Building H
• Building G
South Kona District
Honaunau Elementary
• Building F
Hookena Elementary
• Building D
Konawaena High [S/P]
• Building C
• Building S
• Building D
• Building E
• Building G
• Building F
• Building O
Kau District
Kau High and Pahala Elementary [S/P]
• Building I
• Building N
• Building Q
Pahala Elem School
• Building F
• Building M
• Building I
• Building Q
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Hamakua District
Honokaa High and Intermediate [S/P]
• Building N
• Building T
• Building X
• Building A
Kalanianaole Elementary [S/P]
• Building A
• Building I
• Building J
• Building H
Laupahohoe
• Building A-main
South Hilo District
E B de Silva Elementary
• Building F
Hilo Union School
• Building H
Hilo High [S/P]
• Building G
• Building R
• Building S
• Building L
• Building C 1
• Building C2
• Building Q
• Building A
• Building BB
Hilo Intermediate [S]
• Building D
• Building L
Kaumana Elementary [S]
• Building C
• Building E
• Building F
Waiakea Elementary [S]
• Building A
• Building B
• Building C
• Building D
• Building F
• Building G
• Building H
• Building 1
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Waiakea High [S/P]
• Building G
• Building D
• Building C
• Building M
• Building U
• Building R
• Building B
• Building E
• Building F
• Building H
• Building Q
Waiakea Intermediate [S]
• Building M
• Building D
• Building I
Waiakea Waena Elementary
Puna District
Keonepoko Elementary [S]
• Cafeteria
• Building E
• Building F
• Building G
• Building H
Keaau Elementary
• Cafeteria
• Building I
• Building O
• Building T
• Building D
Keaau High [S/P]
• Building C
• Building G
• Building E
• Building I
• Building O
Keaau Middle [S/P]
• Cafeteria
• Building M
• Building K
Mountain View Elementary [S]
• Cafeteria
• Building D
• Building I
• Building G
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Pahoa Elementary [S]
• Building A
Pahoa High and Intermediate [S/P]
• Building Q
• Building H
• Building S
• Building T
• Building U
Legend:
[S] = Special Needs+General Population
[P] =Pet Friendly+General Population
[S/P] = Special Needs+Pet Friendly+General Population
Facilities designated to serve as Special Needs Shelters provide limited support to persons
with special health needs. Special health needs evacuees must either be capable of taking
care of their own needs or be accompanied by a caregiver.
Pet Friendly Shelters are co-located with some general population shelters. Household pets
entering a pet friendly shelter must be caged for safety and owners should provide water and
food for their pets.
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Kohala High&Intt.,Kohala Elementary
H
1-TH-�'I.F
P—lat'.o't'—7
�Honokae High&Intermediate
Waimea State Offices&Courthouse Waimea Eleman ary&Intermediate
I
SOUTH KOHA
Population=1 184
NORTH 1111
Population=1720
i Hilo IntermediateHilo High
1 SOUTH HILO Waiakea High
Kealakehe ElementaryKealakehe High Pop44ation=4741 ilva Elementary
Kealakehe Intermediat NORTH TH KONA 7CC
Kahakai Eleme*/ pularion=34024 Keaau MiddleKeaau High
**Holualoa Elementary
Mountain View Elementary
Konawaena High * Keonepoko Elementary
1 Pahoa High&Imermedia ahoa. emary
�e Honaunau Elementary PUNA
Population=42591
Hookena Elementary
11 SOUTH KONA
Population=11414 _
I
KAU
I` Population=7050
y.Kau High and Pahala Elementary
A Legend
* Emergency Shelters
G — Major Road
0 4 8 116 24 32
Miles
Figure 17-1. Nfap of shelter locations on Hawaii island
17.1.1 Structural Assessment of Buildings for Hurricane Shelter Classification
Evaluations of 29 buildings throughout the Hawaiian Islands were conducted in accordance
with the requirements of the Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS),
Division of Public Works, Scope of Services and Procedure for Structural Assessment of
Buildings for Hurricane Shelter Classification. The primary objective of these evaluations
were to identify whether the structures substantially meets the wind load criteria for a Shelter
rating of Type B or better. The evaluations also identify recommendations for any further
incremental structural or nonstructural retrofits to achieve substantial compliance with
Shelter Types B,A, and EHPA,where economically feasible.
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Shelter Assessment Procedures and Design Standards for New Shelters
Type B Shelter Type A Shelter Shelter with an EHPA Essential Facility with
COOP
Structural capacity expressed in peak gust wind speeds calculated at the strength level
[i.e., Vx 4(L.F. x1) = Vx�(1.6 x1.15)]
Strength Capacity>108 Strength Capacity>130 Strength Capacity>156 Strength Capacity>190
mph peak gust mph peak gust mph peak gust mph peak gust
Main Wind Force Resisting System Load Criteria for LRFD Evaluation by Method 2 Analytical Procedure,
ASCE 7-05
80 minimum peak gust 95 minimum mph peak 115 minimum mph peak 140 mph or greater peak
basic wind speed V gust basic wind speed V gust basic wind speed V gust basic wind speed V
Load factor of 1.6 Load factor of 1.6 Load factor of 1.6 Load factor of 1.6
Importance Factor I of Importance Factor I of Importance Factor I of Importance Factor I of
1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
On Oahu,Exposure, On Oahu,Exposure, On Oahu,Exposure, Directionality of 1.0
Directionality and Directionality and Directionality and On Oahu,Exposure,and
Topographic factors per Topographic factors per Topographic factors per Topographic factors per
Honolulu Building Code; Honolulu Building Code; Honolulu Building Code; Honolulu Building Code;
otherwise per ASCE 7-05 otherwise per ASCE 7- otherwise per ASCE 7- otherwise per ASCE 7-05
Gust Effect Factor of 0.85 05 05
may be used Gust Effect Factor of Gust Effect Factor of Gust Effect Factor of 0.85
Evaluate Design for 0.85 may be used 0.85 may be used may be used
interior pressure Evaluate Design for Evaluate Design for Evaluate Design for
interior pressure interior pressure interior pressure
Wall and Glazing Windborne Debris Resistance Criteria
Walls and Glazing to Walls and Glazing must Walls and Glazing must Walls and Glazing must
resist ASTM E1996-05 resist ASTM E1996-05 resist ASTM E1996-05 resist ASTM E1996-05
Level A Level C Level D Level E
2g steel balls at 130 fps 4.5 lb.2 X 4 @ 40 fps 9 lb. 2 X 4 4,50 fps(34 9 lb.2 X 4(�80 fps(55
(90 mph) (27 mph) mph) mph)
Positive and Negative Positive and Negative Positive and Negative Positive and Negative
Pressure shall be Pressure shall be Pressure shall be Pressure shall be
determined for the bldg determined for the bldg determined for the bldg determined for the bldg
enclosure glazing and enclosure glazing and enclosure glazing and enclosure glazing and door
door elements door elements door elements elements
Shelter Type B Shelter Type A Enhanced Hurricane Essential Facilities
Protection Area necessary for COG and
Shelter COOP
provides structural provides structural provides capacity for provides capacity for 190
capacity for 108 mph capacity for 130 mph 155 mph(upper mph(upper Category 4
(upper Category 1 (upper Category 2 Category 3 hurricanes) hurricanes)
hurricanes) hurricanes)
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Saffir-Simpson Storm Categories and Shelter Classes
a 8
F a F _J Ly4
Categry 2
u Category 1
B2 9D 98 146 114 122 13D 138 146 154 162 170 178 186 194
3-Second Peak Gust Windspeed Strength Capacity
Four school buildings in Hawaii County which were evaluated according to this procedure.
The results for each of these evaluations are as follows.
17-1-1-1 Holualoa Elementary School- Cafetorium Building
7
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J '
SaflFrSimpson Storm Categories and Shelter Classes
Exis-ing'PPArdcws :�etrofittedInhcows ai5thgNMV RS
$
PartWlv Erabsed
M —
Categary 1 u Category 2 U Category 3 Cate gory d
W
Existing 4letal goof Existing kptal Roof
{Based on Best Available Dalai if Joan Veritioation Eased on,'roec Speed C
Hill
B2 D2 102 -12 122 122 142 152 162 172 102 192
3-Second Peak Gust Winds pee d Strength Capacity
17-8 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
Building A would classify as a Type B hurricane shelter in its existing condition. Essentially,
a Type B hurricane shelter is possible because the exterior doors and windows, exterior
dormer louvers, and interior doors are all estimated to be capable of providing protection for
an ASTM-E-1996 Level A missile.
The analysis of the standing seam metal roof indicates that the roof panels are not adequate to
resist the wind uplift pressures required for a Type A hurricane shelter. Nonetheless, given
that the peak gust wind velocity associated with the capacity of the standing seam metal roof
(120-mph) is close at hand with the upper bound peak gust wind velocity required for a Type
A hurricane shelter (130-mph), it is recommended that a more in depth analysis be made
based on the specific properties of the standing seam metal roof used in Building A.
Upon verification that the standing seam metal roof is capable of resisting the wind pressures
required for a Type A hurricane shelter, it would be necessary to retrofit the multi-purpose
dining hall exterior windows and dormer openings so that an ASTM-E-1996 level C missile
protection is provided inconformity with such shelter designation. The interior doors in the
multi purpose dining hall would not have to be upgraded to resist an ASTM-E-1996 Level C.
While retrofits to the exterior windows and dormer openings in the multi purpose dining hall
are required to attain a Type A or better shelter qualification, the main-wind-resisting-system
and other secondary structural components are theoretically capable resisting wind loads that
correspond to an EHPA type shelter.
The analysis of the main-wind-force-resisting-system and secondary structural components
suggests that the capacity of Building A to resist hurricane wind loads is most likely
governed by the capacity of the steel tapered columns that form part of the interior gable
rigid frames. This value of velocity corresponds to a very high Category 4 hurricane and
almost borderline Category 5 hurricane. It is important to note that an enclosed condition was
not evaluated or considered in the recommendations because in order to prevent
pressurization of the interior spaces (including the eave cavity and ceiling plenum) it would
be required to seal off all window and vent openings temporarily or permanently. Since
Building A is a naturally ventilated building, it would be necessary to condition the interior
spaces mechanically— a very costly retrofit. Therefore, prevention of interior pressurization
is considered economically impractical.
A summary of the retrofits recommended above,based on Shelter Type, is as follows:
• All Types: Remove or mitigate the possible debris sources indicated in this report.
• Type A Shelter: Upon verification that the standing seam metal roof is adequate for
the wind loads required for a Type A Shelter(based on project specific data),provide
impact protection for all exterior windows and dormer openings at the multi-purpose
dining hall (ASTM-E-1996 Level C Missile or better.
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Chapter 17:Shelters
17.1.1.2 Waikoloa Elementary School- Classroom Building D
i
i
SaffiL-Sim�srr�SLRaLrn Calu-�uli�s a�ld Sh�ltu� Classes
F n'colc vu-•nm
',•ncax and 6ocr
� � m
Category 1
Category C#te -0 Ca#egory 4 0
CUnefR Str u
o UMI capaolty Pussibla Partial) Enclosed'- vaoaci 82 a2 142 112 22 132 142 162 162 972 182 15?
3Scuond Perak Gust VVindspccd Strength Capacity
Classroom Building D in its current condition complies with the strength capacity wind load
requirements of a Type B hurricane shelter, and although unrated openings and impact
protection exist it can safely be assumed that the existing openings and protection devices
meet the wind load requirements for this shelter type and the required missile impact level A.
However, some structural deficiencies were noticed during the inspection. The items listed
below require attention to assure compliance:
• Although the structural analysis determined that the uplift capacity of the hip girder
truss just meets the requirements of a Type B shelter, the missing uplift connector is
considered a structural flaw and should be retrofitted. This can be accomplished by
installing uplift connectors per Figure 13, or equivalent method(minimum capacity of
1000 lbs. each), at the top and bottom chords of each hip-girder truss to setback-
girder at each truss connection.
• Install remedial uplift connectors at the hip truss connections to the setback girders,
anywhere improper installation is noticed. Provide the missing fasteners at all other
improperly installed connectors,particularly at the hip truss connections to the bottom
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Chapter 17:Shelters
chord bearing points. Other retrofits and/or documentation are required to comply
with the criteria of a Type A hurricane shelter.
• Complete all retrofits listed above required for Type B classification
• Provide retrofits so that all openings (doors, windows, and louvers) meet ASTM E
1886 and ASTM E 1996 test standards for 115 mph design wind pressures and
missile impact level C protection or better, or provide documentation of any existing
openings that may be claimed to meet these performance requirements
In addition to retrofits that must be made to Building D, architectural requirements must be
considered as well. The Summary of Recommended Criteria and Guidelines for Hurricane
Shelter Classifications require that Type EHPA hurricane shelters have a restroom within the
shelter area. Although the restrooms are contained within Building D, they are not accessible
through interior openings of all other designated shelter areas within the building.
• Complete all retrofits listed above required for Type A and Type B classification
• Install a deployable protective screen enclosure or similar device around the building
to allow a safe access corridor to the restrooms. The screen must be pressure rated for
design wind speeds of 140 mph or greater and missile level D impact rated or higher
• Since most structural elements begin to approach or exceed their allowable load
capacity under partially enclosed conditions at around the minimum acceptable wind
speeds for Type EHPA shelters, the wind loads can be reduced by creating enclosed
conditions. To accomplish this all fixed louvers must be closed by some method
during storm events or operable louvers installed. These and all other openings must
be pressure rated for design wind speeds of 140 mph or greater and missile level D
impact rated or higher.
• Provide retrofits so that all openings (doors, windows, and louvers) meet ASTM E
1886 and ASTM E 1996 test standards for 140 mph design wind pressures and
missile impact level D protection or better, or provide documentation of any existing
openings that may be claimed to meet these performance requirements
17.1.1.3 Waikoloa Elementary School- Classroom Building E
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Chapter 17:Shelters
Saffir-Simpson Storm Categories and ShelterClasses
Probable CL Tent
Window and Do
� y T
Category 7 category 2 -9 Category 3 Category 4
Current Stn sibeStn.c-u-A
Fartial E�closedl ^aoaci.•+Erdasec
82 92 122 112 122 132 127 152 162 172 1 192
3-Second Peak Gust ltirindspeed Strength Capacity
Classroom Building E in its current condition complies with the strength capacity wind load
requirements of a Type B hurricane shelter, and although unrated openings and impact
protection exist it can safely be assumed that the existing openings and protection devices
meet the wind load requirements for this shelter type and the required missile impact level A.
However, some structural deficiencies were noticed during the inspection. The items listed
below require attention to assure full compliance:
• Repair or replace any damaged existing opening protections.
• Missing uplift connectors are considered a structural flaw and should be retrofitted.
This can be accomplished by installing uplift connectors, or equivalent method
(minimum capacity of 1000 lbs. each), at the top and bottom chords of each hip-
girder truss to setback-girder at each truss connection.
• Install remedial uplift connectors at the hip truss connections to the setback girders
anywhere improper installation is noticed. Provide the missing fasteners at all other
improperly installed connectors,particularly at the hip truss connections to the bottom
chord bearing points.
Other retrofits and/or documentation are required to comply with the criteria of a Type A
hurricane shelter.
• Complete all retrofits listed above required for Type B classification
• Provide retrofits so that all openings (doors, windows, and louvers) meet ASTM E
1886 and ASTM E 1996 test standards for 115 mph design wind pressures and
missile impact level C protection or better, or provide documentation of any existing
openings that may be claimed to meet these performance requirements
In addition to retrofits that must be made to Building E, architectural requirements must be
considered as well. The Suinrnary of Recommended Criteria and Guidelines for Hurricane
Shelter Classifications require that Type EHPA hurricane shelters have a restroom within the
shelter area. Although the restrooms are contained within Building E, and themselves could
be considered shelter areas, they are not accessible through interior openings of other
designated shelter areas within the building
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Chapter-17:Shelters
• Complete all retrofits listed above required for Type A and Type B classification
• Install a deployable protective screen enclosure or similar device around the building
to allow a safe access corridor to the restrooms. The screen must be pressure rated for
design windspeeds of 140 mph or greater and missile level D impact rated or higher
• Since most structural elements begin to approach or exceed their allowable load
capacity under partially enclosed conditions at around the minimum acceptable
windspeeds for Type EHPA shelters, the wind loads can be reduced by creating
enclosed conditions. To accomplish this all fixed louvers must be closed by some
method during storm events or operable louvers installed. These and all other
openings must be pressure rated for design windspeeds of 140 mph or greater and
missile level D impact rated or higher.
• Provide retrofits so that all openings (doors, windows, and louvers) meet ASTM E
1886 and ASTM E 1996 test standards for 140 mph design wind pressures and
missile impact level D protection or better, or provide documentation of any existing
openings that may be claimed to meet these performance requirements.
17.1.1.4 Konawaena Elementary School- Cafetorium Building C
Ads—
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SaffirSimpson Storm Categories and Shelter Classes
E st ng Wincow Fetroftled Windows Existing M'NFRS jjjjjf � �III III n Cable Open ng S Donner Ope-ing= {Partially Eridused'i
m ,m,
CAegoryI Categary2 Categay3 .6 Categoryd
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ExistngG Metal Roof at Sneher
reaS
Based an PDject C-cedic 1 ta'
a2 92 102 112 122 132 "142 152 1$2 172 132 192
3-Seeon d Peak Gust Windspeed Strength Capacity
Building C would classify as a Type B hurricane shelter in its existing condition. Essentially,
a Type B hurricane shelter is possible because the exterior doors and windows, interior doors,
17-13 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
and gable openings in all the shelter-designated areas are estimated to be capable of
providing protection for an ASTM-E-1996 Level A missile. If it desired to achieve a Type A
hurricane shelter, it would be necessary to retrofit the windows and gable openings in all the
shelter-designated areas so that an ASTM-E-1996 level C missile protection is provided in
conformity with such shelter designation. The interior doors between the kitchen and the
multi-purpose dining hall would not have to be upgraded to resist an ASTM-E-1996 Level C
missile.
The analysis made based on the specific properties of the standing seam metal roof indicates
that the roof panels over the shelter-designated areas are adequate to resist the wind uplift
pressures required for an EHPA Type hurricane shelter in Building C. It would be necessary
to retrofit the windows and gable openings in all the shelter-designated areas so that an
ASTM-E-1996 level D missile protection is provided in conformity with an EHPA shelter
designation.
The MWFRS and other secondary structural components are theoretically capable resisting
wind loads that correspond to an EHPA type shelter. The capacity of Building C to resist
hurricane wind loads is most likely governed by the capacity of the web verticals in the
trusses over the multi-purpose dining hall. It was found that these truss elements are capable
of resisting wind pressures corresponding to a peak gust wind speed at the strength level of
155-mph for the partially enclosed condition.
It is important to note that an enclosed condition was not evaluated or considered, since
Building C is a naturally ventilated building. Therefore, prevention of interior pressurization
is considered economically impractical.
A summary of the retrofits recommended above,based on Shelter Type, is as follows:
• All Types: Provide and enclosure to protect exterior propane storage tank from
windborne debris.
• All Types: Verify, and if necessary provide, adequate anchorage of mechanical
ventilation units in roof above kitchen.
• All Types: Provide adequate bracing for the framing of the lay-in acoustic tile and
gypsum board ceilings as they constitute a falling hazard in their existing condition.
• Type A Shelter: Provide impact protection for all exterior- windows and gable
openings in all the shelter-designated areas (ASTM-E-1996 Level C Missile or
better).
• EHPA Type Shelter: Provide impact protection for all exterior windows and gable
openings in all the shelter-designated areas (ASTM-E-1996 Level D Missile or
better).
In addition to these recommendations, it is advised that portions of two other buildings in the
school—Buildings B and E—be considered as potential candidates for hurricane shelters.
17-14 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
17.2 Private Hurricane Shelters
As a future mitigation project the criteria used to evaluate existing public emergency shelters
can be adapted for application to privately owned facilities. This evaluation procedure would
be particularly relevant in Hawaii due to the large tourist resorts and hotels that may need to
be utilized as emergency shelters in the event of a hurricane or other disaster.
17.3 Safe Rooms
The State Building Code has adopted provisions that allow Residential Safe rooms in lieu of
fulfilling the windborne debris protection requirements of the IBC. An excerpt of this section
taken from the Hawaii State Building code is as follows:
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Chapter 17:Shelters
goebon Ul 02 Hawaii m4ldandal s.afa room. Chapter 4 is amended by
addino Section 422 to read as follows —
SECTION 422 Hawaii] midential safe roorn
4221 Performance-based design criteria. The residential safe room
shall meet the rnimmum performance $pecificatigns of Section$-422.'x.1 through
422.9. -
4221.1 Intent and suuge. The intent of the residential safe room it tp
toMp&-a* provide an enhanced protection.area tuSly.enclQaed.within a dweiling
or within an accessory structure to a rewdence, which is drsiuned and
constructed lowithstand the wind pressures.,windbome debris impacts,_and
other resiufrernents of tht section — - --
4221.2 Alternative standards.
I- Manufactured safe MgM des4 ns suls'ect to approval A manufactured
safe morn or safe ro-gm kit may be subs tiiuted if documeoatton is
su�M ttratl and approved by the building offoial. The safe room steal#tae
engineered,tested, and manufactured to meet or exceed the criteria of this
section.
2. FEMA in-rsldence shelter deslsans permitted. It shall be permissible to
buiid FEMA ln-Residence Shelters of up to 64 square feet of ftoor area
with walls up to 81 t long a are b ilt m gowrigange woh o3nstmcticr
Beta rs o' FEMA 314
4222 Site cri#ariar. Rtsidei iaf safe rooms shall nsat be constW Wed
within areas sugect to stream 000aino, poasial flooding or dam tallure mumat;tnn
min an of She fotnwing3E,
1 FEW Sppci4a,F120 Hazard Areas (SFHA) sabig:1 ty, r @tnfall runoff
ffooe ing or sWea n Qr jggbjgading,
Cmtal.Zones "Y or
1 drys fled in ,� In Urdu{ if (Fl Rm)
issuled by FEMA fot flood PIain maroaement nurmsea, in which the #toad
Hazard are tides. stows surge, wsyea, tovnemis, or a combination of these
hazards
3 Areas subieet to dam tailure inundation as determined by the Department
of Land and Wural Resources.
4223 Maximum GGGtl ncj. The safe loom is per Fnitled t she used fur
a mg a6murr gmjpjpgm-V haserl on y least 15 square fe-e! ptr p�fsqn with a
miaximum cf 6 22mnA in a rogm 91 up to 128 s;uaT f @t of floor area.
422.4 PmAslcjas for azlltnn. The room shall ho an
raMq-Arringing dgor and an tmod�proteded o_perabigwi2o2w suOable b a
mreanb of alernative exitinu+i i ar+ umeruency
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Chapter 17:Shelters
42 2.5 D es ig n for dead IWt wires rain and irn act loads.
4225.1 Structural inteadx criteria.
1. The residential safe room shall be built w4h a complete structural s stern
and a complete load path for vellcal and lateral loads caused by grgvft
and wind-
2--The building that the residential."fe room.is in shaH be assumed to Ise
destroyed e town and shall not be taken as affering any protective
shielding to the safe roam gnclosure,
3. The ceiliQ2=9jure amcf-Wal shall be ca abte of su ortin a
superlrrmposed.debris load of the full weight,t of any building floors_and_ roof
above, but not leis than 125 psf.
C The residential safe room enctoNLe shall becaoable of sirnuftaneousl
resisting lateral and uplift wind pressures corresponding to a 160 migh 3r
§&cond peak g ust determined in accordynce with ASC5—7 Minimum
Deshan La ds for Buildings and Other Structures calculat using load
and importance Factors of 1-2,- he site ex osure factor shall be based on
"x�os9re C_ Th�t.factor and the directionality.[actor shall be taken as
0.85. ToDgMiphic wind am lificafort caused by mountainous terrain shall
be considered in accordance with the buildina cads_ Internal pressure
shad be determined in accordance with ASCE -7.
5. The residenhai safe room shall be anchored to a foundation system
capable of res tating the above Inaldirxt qandJtians,
422.5.2 Windborm debris impact arc tecUort cif tau lid Ing enclosure
almsnts. The entire enclosure of the safe room indud ing al!waifs. ce?in s
and in s fixed or o (able windowE, pnd all entry doors into the safe room.
shalt meet!2fi exceN. Level D reau ireme ri ts of AS TM E 1998 (Table x{22 5-1].
Any wall or ceiling penetration arieater than 4 SQVare inches shall be considered
an oyeflsrtg ._.._,_._..:.
Exception: Electeical outlet box-ft and interior fighting svvitc+ies not
penetrating mprrn 2•_5-inches into the interior wall surface and a
#lumbinQ piping orconduit not Greater than 1,5-inch in diameter shall be
exempted from this mquirement.
.3 Cyclic Rre3sure logging of Illazing and Rrateefive gyaterns
IMp a_L�rotectw systems shall meet the ASTM g IM Syckc pressure
re4uirerrierrt for the loading given in Table 422-5-1.
17-17 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
Table 4225.1 —Wind borne Debris ProteO On a r?O CYC Im Pressure Criteria
for Residential Same Roams
A5TM E ErwAugure Wait Ceilirw, aria
1996 Dehris Innr C alic Air Pressure
Mssiie Debris Missile Size Irma t Testirp- rnaximum inward
Level Speed and maximum o
Pa_ tiny pressures
D 2 x 4 weichirto 9. 50 ft_^,'sec. or 35 Pst inward
ib. *1-0.25 fb, av-1 at least 34 +45 1st outrlrard
with ruin Ienuth 8 ft. mph
4!-4-ioiph
422.6 Ventilation. The resFden#ia- safe room shall be natural#y ventilated
to alloy the enclosure to have 9DDFoxirn&Iy one.alr change every. twci houra,
This !foment ma be satisfied by 12 sq care inches of venting er a u ant.
There shall beat least two apefable vents. the vents shall be crotected by,a
cowltnc or&ar covice that shall bs impa:.t tested to paMly with ASTM E 1996
Level D. Alternatively. the room stall be oyaivakdt:a determine I the oaeninns
are qf s ffic"e t area to constitute an open oripaftallvsno d condition as
def+ried in ASCE 7.
422.7 Communications. Th residential safe room shall be equipped
with a phone line and t,ebphone that does no rely on a separate eiecidcal Dower
outiet. Altemattyely. a wireless telephone shall to permitted to rely on an
Unlnterruptible Power SMIy (UPS) battery device.
422.8 Construction docurrm Construction documents for the
residential safe room shall be directiy.prepared by a Hawaii k;ensed professional
structural emineer.
422.9 Special inspection. The constriction or hstaljgpn,qtjh@
residential safe room shall be verified for conformance to the drawings in
accordance with Chatter 97_
422.10 Notification. The owner of the safe room shall not' the state
department of defense and county civil defense agency of the proueWs Fax
map key or olobal positioning system coordinates.
17-18 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
17.4 Enhanced Hurricane Protection Areas
Section 423, Design Criteria for Enhanced Hurricane Protection Areas (EHPA), follows the
criteria developed under Act 5, Disaster Emergency Preparedness Act of 2005, this criteria is
applicable to new buildings utilized as shelters and those health-care facilities that should be
capable of self-sheltering.
Section Ui03 State-and Countv,owned oubitc hi oh ocauyancy
buildings -design Vriteria# r enhanced hurricane rv%ction areas.
Chapter 4 is amended by adding Section 423 to read as follows:
SECTION 423 State-a rid County-Owned public high occupj2cX
buildinas -design criteria,for on han cog hurricane urotectlon.area
s
423.1 Intent. The purpose of this section is to establish minimum life
safety des+-an criteria for enhanced hurrican a protection areas;n high occupartcy
Mate- and county-awned buildinm occupied during hurricanes of up to Saffllr
Simpson}Category 3.
423.2 Scope. This section shall ayoiy to state; and county-owned
buildings which are of Occupancy Cat"m III and IV defined by Tabte 1 QU,5
and g Lhe fQiIgBjng s ealic occupancies:
1. Enclosed and parbally enclosed structures whose 13dmary occu anc is
public assembly with an occupant load greatgr than 3Da.
2. HeaRh care facilities with an orckpant load of 50 or more resident
patients, but not having surgery or emergency treatment facilities.
3.Any other state- and couO -owned enciosed or partially enclosed
bulldin with an occupant load greater than 5,000
4. Hosaitals_and-other heatth_ Ca re facilities having surgery or.emerge rwcy
treatment facilities.
Exception. Facilities located within flood zone V and tto a A than are
designated by the owner to be evacuated during hurricane waminas deaiared
by_the National Weather Service, shall not b$su4ject to these requirements.
423.3 Site ctiteTia.
17-19 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
423.3.1 Flood and tsunami zones.CMDIV with ASCE 24-05, Ftgod
Resistant deslan and Construcliort, based on provisions for Occuparrgy Category
1. Roar siab an grade shall be 1 5 foot abcwc thip ba fIRgiALavol gf Ihe
county's flood hazard mat), or at higher elevation as determined by a
modefing mobodalM that 2rldiM the maximum envelope and depth of
inundotion including the combined effects grrn 5u a slnd wave a I n
with revved tp a =ory 3 hurricane.
2. Locale outside of V and Cogralal A g d_zonee unless justified by site-
sipecCc analysis or designed for vertical evacuation its accordance vVth a
method approved by the building officio.- When a bui dina within a V or
Coastal A fb d one is a roved the bnttom�af the lowest strugtuMl
framing member of arm elevateI_flrst floor space shat!be 2 feet above the
base flood elevatioon of fhe roe 's flood hazard man.,or at hic her
elevation as determined by a modeling m2thgdglggy that predicts the
maximum envelope AnA d th of inundation 1 nclud k)g the combined effects
at storm surge and wave actions)Math resew to a Cate-gory 3 hurricane.
3. Locate outside of tsunami evacuation zones unless ustOod by site-specific
rnaabmis or dgr�igned forverticai eyilgjaggo in accordance cairn a meth ad
approved by the bui Wing offigial.
423,3.E F-m*MeMX vehicle access. Provide at least one route f r
h' ie access_ Ihe piortion of the erne err rnc,ls within the site
shall be above the 100-year hood elevation.
423.13 Landes in and utility laydownimpsethazards.
Landscapina around the bLJ I d Rg shall be desi reed to p rovide Stan a ra#ion
su!!hcierlt to maintain emergency vehidc a ose in the event of mature tree
blowdown. Trees shall not 1Merfere with tl,e funcboriing of overh ead or
tiIity lines, nor cause la goown orfafltrip impact hazard to the
buildings envelope a utility fines.
423.3.4 Adlace nt bulldir# , The buftrm shall not be located within
1id0(]feet of env hazardous material facilities defined by Table 1604.5.
Unanchored I' ht-framed portabie 11ructures shall be not Perm ined within 300
feet or.the 001dIng.
423.4 Enhanced hurricane jR rotectlon area prog ram re uirements.
423.4.1 Applicable net area. At least fr4y porcent of the net square feet
of a facl lity shaft be constructed to a ualdy as an enhanoed h Lj rricare Rrotection
area. The net floor area shat be determined by subtragUng frorn the gross
sg uare feet the floor area of excluded spaces,extedorwalls calumny fixed or
movable ob ects. eoui me t or othoi features that under probable cnrtiditioras
cannot be emoved or stored during use as a storm sh�ltor. -
17-20 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
423.4.2 Excluded spaces. Spaces such as maChanical rooms, electrical
rooms. storage Mooms`athe an-d-cmwl spaces, sf}atl not be cansidared as net
floor area yerMitted to be occu Ned cudMLa ham ne_
423.4.3 DccuipancV capacity. The occuoano calalrhv shall be
determined by dividing the, net ma f the enhanDed hurrican ejorotect ion area by
1S 6goare feet net floor area gmr wson.
423.4.4 Toilets and hand wash Irm facllatrfes. Provide a minimum of l
toilet per 50 enhanced hurricpne protection area occuparts and a minimum ;2f 1
sink.per 140 enhanced hurricane oroleclion area c uv nts, as determined in
accordance with Sectlof 423.4,E located within 3h a-per meter ot Ine enh4ance[I
hurricanxprotgction area. These required toWand hand-wasnion facilities are
not in addition to those raguired for normal occupancy and shall iSe included in
th wor I tore count. ---
423.4.5 Accmbility_VWlrtere the refuse occupancy accommodates
M2.Ep lhlon 50 i3ersons, provide an ADA,accessible route to a sheker aroa at each
facility with a mi0imttm of 1 wheelchair scace for iovery 200 enhanced hurricane
protection area occupants determine ire goeor42nce with Section 423.4.3.
423_5 Des.ion wind, rain,and Impact loads.
423.5.1 Structural design criteria. The building main vOnd farce
misting system and structural compQUents shall be desig ned per ASiCE 7 for a
11A rr_ph jjjj a mum peak 3-second gust design speed with a toad factor of 1.5,
and an importance factor for Occupancy Category lN. Topographic and
directionality factors shall be the site-specific values determined per Appendix W.
Design for interior pressure shalf be based on the largest opening in any ex#error
facade or rock(swrface,
423.5.2 Windbome debrts missile impact for building enclosure
elements. Extenor glazIng and clazed o enin s louvers roof openings and
doors r
ihall be provided with windbome debris impact resistance or protection
$ystems conforming to AETM E1996 Level D. i.e.. 9 Ib. 2 X 4 0- 50 fps
mt?h1. - -
423.5.3 Cyclic erasure leadino of irneact resistivealazino or
yOndborne impact Protective systems. Resistance to the calculated maximum
inward and o!AMgLd pcessure shall be designed to conform to ASTM E1996-95.
42.3.5.4 Windows. All unprotected window assem lies and theif
anchoring systems shall be desi ned and installed#o meet the wind load and
missile irmpaCl Griteraa of this section.
17-21 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
423.6.6 Window profcctIve IVIUM& Windows may bo pr.pv ded►ogh
pe►ma ere ordeyI gyable_pf-itectiue systems rovideo the protective system is
designed and instated t meet the Wnd load and missile impact critoria and
CCmpllejely cpvefs the Mndow assembly 5,nd anchodrig system.
423.5.6 doors.All exleriar and Interior doors subiect to aossitft win#
exposure ar missile impact shall have doors, frames, anchoring devices, an
vision p2ne Is dasignod and installed to resist the wind load and miaai1a impact
criteria or-such doors, frames, anchoring devices, and vision yaneN shall be
p.ro+rided_with impaclprotective systems deli nee and installed to resist_the wind
lostanO.m[mile impact.crite-da of thi p ie .
4215-71 Extaffor envelom The txyiiding endosure, rncioding walEs,.rao€s_,
glazed pjppnJMjqj s and daa($sia11 not be riafatect r penetrated by
Mnabome debfrs, as determined k)y WmpI nce with ASTM Et996-45 Lever C.
423.5.5 Psraptts. Parap@t$ tl�all satis(v the wind 1pad and missile tfnp�ct
urtterie cif the exterior envelope.
4215.9 i`tao%
423.5.9.1 Roof enenIngs, Roof openings {e.g., HVAC fans, usts
s.kyiights .s#�all_be provided with protection for the wind load gnd rnissile impact
criteria of Sections 423.5.2 and 423.5.3
4215.9.2 Fiiah wind root coverintas. Roof coverinas shall bo sped
and dsigrted according to the latest A$TM Stapdard$_fpr NO wind uplift fob
423-5.9.3 Roof dralnaae_ Rucfs s# AI ha%re adeguft sJoVS. drains and
overnow drains or ecutaaerc rjed so accomrncdate 100-year hourly rmir V rates
in accordance w h @Ctlan t$1 1.f, but no t less tk MZ-nChms 2M I)qur for 6
conthuous hours- -
423.6 Ventilation
423.6.1 Mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation as reavind m
arcardance with the International Me anical Code. Air intakes and exhausts
shalt De esqr;ed and installed jo meet the wind load and missile irnpact criteria
of SeCOOM 421,52 and 423,5,3.
423.6.2 HVAC egLsipMment an crag@. HVAC eQuiornent rn_ on
rxtafs and anchoring systems 2ha11 be deW bed and installed to rneq!the A rid
load crgor a. E2of g2enings ftr of-mourited HVAC equipment 4hat$havig a ]�-
in;h-high gum deMened lro pm vertl the entry of ran tnrater
17-22 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
423.7 Standby electricals stem ca abll . PmvwJe a staVty
erneraency electrical rawer system j►ef Ctxaoter 27 and NFPA 70 Article 700
Emt�gency SWems and Article 701 Legally-Required Standby Svstems..which
shall have the ca patNl_ty of beim connected to an ern erg4ency oenerstor or other
temporary_power scums. The emergency system capabildius sh,1ll include_
1. An emerciency Rahtina system:
2. liluminated exit si-lrss,
3. Fire protection systems, fire alarm systems and fire sixinider sprinkler
systems: and
4. Minimum mechanical ventilation for healthtsafety puf1poses.
423.7.1 Emergency aeneralgr. When ernemency generetors are pre-
installed. the faciliy housing the eneraltor_permanent or portable. shalt be an
enclosed area designed to protect the!oenerstors from wind and missile impact.
Generators hardeniyd by the m_anufadLIrer ip Mhstand thg area's deaign wind
and missile impact crFlertia stall be exempt from the enclosed area cniena
repuireMent.
423.6 Quality assuranc
4_23.8.1 Wormation ¢n construction dcH;Alments. Q roruch an
D Vr_Tl @.lj;_�ll include rles.iian +feria, fire occupancy rapac' it We la han
hurricane protective area, and Proiect Saecifcaabons shall include opening
protection d&Wws. Floor plans shall iridicate all enhanced humcarm Mtectiop
area oorbcns of the tagLrty and exLtirio routes there from The la#rtud_e_a_n_d
fan i de coordinates of the buildin Fhali he mcorded on the Cflns!►Uction
documer Ks
423.8.2 Special inspactlon in addit ion tc the rVauuements of IZhaaier
s;)ecal i-tspectig s shill hncl 3t ieasl dw €c_allcw.-3-:L�yslems a-ld
components=
1. Reaf irla+-giriq an#roof framing c m+octiorws_
2 ytiiaii connections to roof and in:)or dia:)hragrns and tamiN.
3 Rcaf rid fioQr r stems includir
c cadeurtors dM s iAr. and
boundary elements.
4. VerO".l,windfor 8is>i g s stems, Mludirpg breOW Irarnes.njWnent
frames a& shear walls:
Windforce-resijt;na sywem rnnnectians_to ft faundatipn:and
B. Fat4cabon and nstallation of systems or components reguired to meet try
irrlppta-pni4tonoo !pgyr*rn!?rit-* of$.ction liar-,1;.
lrxce tiorr, Fabrt #on of-manufactured systems or=mponer+ts thai
hayo a_igael lndj2ff2M comiglAnc*wit?, the wirwd4oad and imC_act
reuyance teats erode. —-
17-23 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
423-8.3 Quality aseumme plan. A constructign quality assurance
grcgram shall to ir7cluded 1r1 the uur►W_LfutivR dvcurnents and shait include:
t_Tje jMaterials, systems, components and work+eguired to have special
inspection or testing the buildirm cftiat or by there is erect cast n
professional responsible for each Portion of the work
2_The type and wdea of ea do s ecia# inspection
3_Tba type and extent cf each test:
4.Additional re uiremB f rs ial ins on or for nd
resistenoe� and
5. For each ty.2e of a jal in gpeOiqn, idenrtricattan as to Whelba it will ce
pgntinuars sarjal iorarectian at periadia.glWjal inspectian.
Q -4 Pear review. Goostruchon documents shall to independently
reviewed by a Hawaii licensed structural eng ineer, A written o iniorr re p2ft of
cornjOigr ll be submitted to State Civil Defense. the building otdel. and the
owner.
23A Ma 1 Mona nce. The bul Idin g s#all be periodi cali inspected eve
three bears and rrt igt�xned by the owner to ensure sOucturat jnteari!r and
aompllance with this section. A_ report of fnspRction shall be fumished to the
State CIvl I I7ef n _
423.10 ComolianCe re-cprtlification when altered deteriorated.<r
dampged. Alterations shall be reviewed by a Hawaii-liognsed strucural engineer
to determine whether an y alterations would cause a violate n pt M cbon
Detoriorati9n or-damage to any comoorent„of the bukling Khali require an
evaluation by a Hawaii-licensed structural end neerto determine repairs
necepAU to mainlairl compliance with this_sectioD! (Eff
(Ruth: HR3 §107-29) (Imp: HRS §§107-24, 10T-25)
17-24 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 17:Shelters
17.5 Future Mitigation Plans
Recommended future hazard mitigation projects for shelter facilities are listed below:
Project Description Status
Emergency shelter evaluation;Harden Perform a 1-year study to identify Proposed Project;
public schools.for emergency shelters. and rank Hawaii building types that Then follow-up with the more
There is a shortage of shelter buildings in could be deemed safer for hurricane detailed DAGS-standardized
Hawaii County. Of the 14 hurricane resistance without exhaustive site structural evaluation
shelters on the island,only four shelters investigations. Use this screening procedure for those public
have been evaluated for safety by DAGS: criteria to determine the number of shelter facilities that have
• Holualoa E.S. low vulnerability buildings available higher vulnerability,taking
• Waikoloa E.S.bldg D for refuge in the private sector. This into account the revised net
• Waikoloa E.S.bldg E could result in a decrease in the shelter demand.
• Konawaena E.S. number of persons that would report
Perform a comprehensive screening to a public shelter.
evaluation of public hurricane shelters and
private sector buildings for possible use
for refuge
Hawaii County All-Hazard Assessment of The three to four facilities with the Proposed Project:
Hurricane Shelters highest-ranked losses will be taken This detailed evaluation will
This project will conduct onsite building to a detailed evaluation using Benefit be identifying priority
construction as-built data collection for the Cost Analysis of potential mitigation buildings and providing the
remaining 10 hurricane shelter buildings, measures. information necessary to
using the more detailed DAGS- submit PDM grant
standardized structural evaluation applications for three to four
procedure that follows the criteria retrofit projects.
established by the legislature
Hardening of'Waiakea High School Gvm Waiakea High School Gym is a Last proposed for FY09 PDM
Window,Door&Enclosure Retrofitting designated hurricane shelter,but has grant. Application requires
Possible Roof&Framing connection glass doors and glass louvers further investigation to define
retrofitting.When re-roofing a critical precise scope and cost,as
facility,provide extra protection from well as developing the BCA
water damage,check and refasten the roof
sheathing.
Hawaii Residential Safe Room Requirements for room construction NOAA and DBEDT
features are given in the State sponsored research project to
Building Code;effective by 2011 for develop and test wall
those homes that do not provide assemblies rated for safe
glazing windborne debris protection room use.
17-25 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan