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Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to �� IslandIntegrated Climate Action Plan for the of Hawal'i Build Local Resilience to Climate Change ��"�� Climate Action Co-Benefits Co-benefits refer to the potential for actions to achieve multiple positive impacts and reinforcing outcomes. The concept of co-benefits implies a `win—win' strategy where a single policy or action can address two or more goals.24 The term co-benefits is also referred to as "multiple benefits" or "synergies." Each action has co-benefits beyond impact on climate change. Table 3 describes the co- benefits that may come with climate actions. The evaluation of co-benefits for each action is a key activity in monitoring and evaluation (see the section on Plan Implementation). Table 3.Climate action co-benefits considered in evaluating climate actions Purpose Actions that reduce greenhouse gas • Improved public health through reducing local co- emissions through using technology that pollutants to improve air quality •0 does not burn materials,especially • Increased economic independence from international imported fossil fuels,and through reducing markets for fossil fuels Greenhouse Gas Decreased cost of living through lowering electricity and Reduction the amount of energy or fuel needed. 9 9 9 Y gas bills Actions that reduce cascading effects of • Reduced disruptions to government operations and the climate change and increase the resilience economy 0 ? R of communities, infrastructure,and • Faster recovery from disaster events ecosystems to prepare and plan for, • Safer communities due to reduced loss of life and property Climate Risk absorb, recover from,and more damage Reduction successfully adapt to adverse events and • Reduced financial impact of climate change on individuals, changing conditions. communities,and society as a whole Actions that prioritize historically • Conserving native ecosystems that are fundamental to marginalized peoples and disproportionally cultural practices impacted communities in receiving support • Decreasing pollution and corresponding public health risks for community services at greatest risk to in historically marginalized and underserved communities Social-Cultural climate change, reduce barriers,and • Improving access to land and water for recreation, cultural Equity increase opportunities so all people can practice,and self-sufficient practices like farming get help when they need it. • Reducing cost of living Actions that result in positive impacts on • Reducing air and water pollution Ar the environment beyond mitigating or • Removing invasive species adapting to climate change. • Restoring ecosystems Environmental • Protecting soil to reduce erosion and nutrient loss Protection • Preserving native species and pollinating species Actions that result in positive impacts on • Job creation f' the economy. • Industry advancement 9 Workforce training Economic Resilience • Reduced financial impact of climate change on businesses and residents U Actions that align priorities and investment • General Plan toward climate risk reduction with existing • Multi-Modal Transportation Plan policies across County, State,and federal • Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Plan Integration plans. • Integrated Solid Waste Plan 24 Mayrhofer,J.P.,&Gupta,J.(2016).The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy.Environmental Science&Policy,57,22-30. doi:https://doi.org/l 0.1016/j.envsci.2015.11.005 Climate Cascades 13