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activities., such as burning fossil fuels,
<br />deforestation., and industrial processes, have
<br />significantly increased the concentrations of
<br />greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since
<br />the Industrial Revolution,, leading to global
<br />warming and climate change.
<br />Greenhouse Gas Effect refers to the process by
<br />which greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere
<br />trap heat from the sun, preventing it from
<br />escaping back into space. These gases, such as
<br />carbon dioxide (CO2)., methane (CH4), nitrous
<br />oxide (N20)., and water vapor, absorb and re -
<br />emit infrared radiation emitted by the Earth"s
<br />surface. This absorption and re -emission of
<br />energy create a warming effect., similar to how a
<br />greenhouse traps heat, hence the term
<br />" greenhouse effect,".
<br />Harden (or hardening) refers to physically
<br />changing infrastructure or structures to make
<br />them less susceptible to damage from extreme
<br />wind, flooding., or flying debris. Hardening
<br />improves the durability and stability of facilities,
<br />making them better able to withstand the impacts
<br />of hurricanes and other natural events without
<br />sustaining major damage or losing functionality.
<br />High -Risk Hazard Areas are areas within the
<br />Coastal High Hazard Area or Lava Flow Hazard
<br />Zones 1 or 2.
<br />Historic District is a geographically definable
<br />area, urban or rural, possessing a significant
<br />concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites,
<br />buildings, structures, or objects united by past
<br />events or aesthetically by plan or physical
<br />development. In addition, historic districts consist
<br />of contributing and non-contributing properties.
<br />Historic districts possess a concentration, linkage,
<br />or continuity of the other four types of properties.
<br />Objects, structures, buildings, and sites within a
<br />historic district are usually thematically linked by
<br />architectural style or designer, date of
<br />development, distinctive urban plan, and/or
<br />historic associations. Under Hawaii Revised
<br />Statutes., Chapter 6E., a historic property is an
<br />object, district, structure, site, or building that is
<br />50 years or older. Historic properties that meet
<br />the significance criteria and retain historic
<br />integrity may be eligible for, or listed to, the
<br />Hawaii or National Register of Historic Places.
<br />Hub and Spoke are a centralized location within a
<br />specific service area. The hub generally has various
<br />passenger amenities including information, shelter,
<br />benches,, bicycle storage, restrooms, security, and
<br />lighting. The hubs are served by transit routes or
<br />" spokes" , which are those localized routes providing
<br />neighborhood connections to the hubs.
<br />Impact Fee is a fee levied on the developer or
<br />builder of a project by the County or other public
<br />agency as compensation for otherwise unmitigated
<br />impacts the project will probably produce.
<br />Impervious Surface (or Impervious Area) is any
<br />hard -surfaced, man-made area that does not
<br />readily absorb or retain water.
<br />Important Agricultural Lands (1AL) State
<br />Designation, enacted as Article XI, Section 3, of
<br />the Constitution of the State of Hawaii, the State
<br />is required to conserve and protect agricultural
<br />lands., promote diversified agriculture, increase
<br />agricultural self-sufficiency and assure the
<br />availability of agriculturally suitable lands.
<br />Important Agricultural Lands (IAL) means those
<br />lands that: (1) are capable of producing sustained
<br />high agricultural yields when treated and
<br />managed according to accepted farming
<br />methods and technology; (2) contribute to the
<br />State's economic base and produce agricultural
<br />commodities for export or local consumption; or
<br />(3) are needed to promote the expansion of
<br />agricultural activities and income for the future,
<br />even if currently not in production.
<br />Incompatible Development, or (Incompatible
<br />Land Use), is the transfer over a property line of
<br />negative economic or environmental effects.
<br />Indigenous Data Science applies data science
<br />principles to issues relevant to Indigenous
<br />communities while respecting their knowledge
<br />systems and cultural practices. It emphasizes
<br />data sovereignty, ensuring Indigenous control
<br />over data, and cultural relevance, aligning
<br />methodologies with Indigenous worldviews. The
<br />field prioritizes community engagement, ethical
<br />considerations, and capacity building within
<br />Indigenous communities. By integrating
<br />interdisciplinary approaches and advocating for
<br />Glossary I County of Hawaii General Plan
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