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COI. .FOR AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECNNOLOGV-2 The most comfion foodbome bacterial pa[hogens sne. and [he protozoan parasite Tn.TOplasuxr gondii. Tri- that may be found on meat aril poultry are Cmnp~'lo• c/tinellu spirn[is localizes in the muscles of piss and bacrerjejuni. E..tc6erichiaco/i01~7:H7.Listerinmono- manv wild animals and when inserted by humans can cwogenes. various SnGnnnellu app., and Stnp/n•locnc•cus cause trichinosis. Fortunately. this disease is rare in the nureus. The symptoms of campylobacteriosis caused by United States. Adult tapeworms may be several feet loner C. jejuni generally are a mild diatrhea besinning I to 7 and occasionally infections may resul[ from a[[achment days after inoestian of contaminated food and may las[ of Cpsricercus bovis to the wall of [hr intestine. If the from t to 7 days. Infections larvae emeree within the in- from E. coli 0157:H7 can testine. the}' may penetrate ' cause severe abdominal THE RADIATION PASTEURIZATION the wall: when that happens cramps and pain. bloody dice- the eyes. heart, liter. lungs. rhea, and occasional renal PROCESS FOR MANY FOODS HAS BEEN and brain may become infec[- failure staffing 3 to 7 days APPROVED OR ENDORSED BY THE ed. Other symptoms of infec- after ingestion of the contam- tion may be abdominal pain. inared food. lasing days to MAJOR U.S. AND WORLD AGENCIES nausea, weakness, wri~ht weeks. and possibly resulting AND ASSOCIATIONS. loss, hunger pains, and ner- indeath. Listeriosis caused by vousness. In 1993. T. gondii infection withL. mosoc•croge• caused 2.0.6 cases of food- - nes is an acute infection of the brain with or without ac- borne illness in the United States a[ an estimated cost companyino persistence of the organism in the blood. of 52.7 billion. In most otherwise hra([hy individuals. Symptoms appear suddenly and include fever, intense its associated disease usually is mild and self limiting. headache, nausea. and vomiting. The bloodborne form It can. however, cause diseases ransins from a rash to of [he disease is an acute. mild illness with influenza like hepatitis in adults. Babies may be infected before birth symptoms, which in pregnant women usually results in by cross infection from the mother. These congenital infection of the fe[us and miscarriage. Most foodbome infections sometimes lead to infections of the brain with cases of listeriosis occur among individuals with sup- death occurrine in 5 to f09o of the cases. In those per- pressed immune systems. In these individuals the mor- sons whose immune systems are not functionine at nor- tality rate may reach 13°c; overall it is 309c. Lisrerin mal levels, previously benign infections of Toxoplnsma monoccrogenes can multiply in foods stored at refriger- gondii may progress to encephalitis and other infections anon temperatures. so risk may increase during storage. of the central nervous system. despite proper refrigeration. Salmonellosis, caused by infection with anv of over 2.500 different strains of Snl- THE ISSUe matel(n, is characterized by a mild to severe acute gas- Radiation pasteurization when used in conjunc[ion troenteritis starting 6 to 72 hours after ingestion of con- with proper food processing and prepara[ion techniques. taminated food and lasting for days to weeks, and greatly decreases the probability that foodbome patho- causing fever. pain. diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Srn- Bens associated with meat, poultry. and other foods will pln•lococ•cus aureus can produce cheat-stable toxin in reach consumers. improperly stared food that, if ingested, will produce mild to severe symptoms of nausea, cramps, vomiting. Boaster oe IoNtZING R,tuuTtO~ Are[tovED diarrhea. and pros ration in 2 to 7 hours lasting I to 2 eOR FOOD IRIt.4D[AI'IO\ days. The FDA has approved the following sources of Beeti. pork, and other meats sometimes are con-. ionizing radiation for the treatment of foods: samma ra}'s taminated by parasitic organisms [hat may cause disease produced by the natural decay of radioactive isotopes in humans when ingested. Among these arc the parasit- of cobalt-60 or cesium-137, x-rays wi[h a maximum is nematode Trichirtel/n spirnlis, the bovine and pork enerey of five million electron volts t~(eV), and elec- tapeworms Ccsric•ere•us bovis and Cvsricercus ceUulo- [eons with a maximum energy of IO ~IeV. (The elec-