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question that the [constitution] declares and creates a public trust of public natural resources for the benefit of all people (including future generations as yet unborn)." In Re: Water Use Permit Applications, 94 Haw. 9'7, 132 (2000) (internal citation omitted). "Under the public trust, the state has both the authority and duty to preserve the rights of present and future generations in the" public natural resources of the state. Id. at 141. "The state also bears an 'affirmative duty to take the public trust into account in the planning"' of natural resources, and "to protect public trust uses whenever feasible." Id. Just as the Water Commission has affirmative obligations, so too does the county. The county: must not relegate itself to the role of a mere "umpire passively calling balls and strikes for adversaries appearing before it," but instead must take the initiative in considering, protecting, and advancing public rights in the resource at every stage of the planning and decisionmaking process. Save Ourselves, 452 So.2d at 1157 (citing Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Comm. v. United States Atomic Energy Comm'n, 449 F.Zd 1109, 1119 (D.C. Cir. 1971); Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. FPC, 354 F.2d 608, 620 (2d Cir. 1965))) ...Specifically, the public trust compels the state duly to consider the cumulative impact of existing and proposed diversions on trust purposes and to implement reasonable measures to mitigate this impact, including the use of alternative sources.... The trust also requires planning and decisionmaking from a global, long- term perspective. See United Plainsmen Assn v. North Dakota State Water Comxn'n, 247 N.~.2d 457, 462-64 (N.D. 1976). In sum, the state may compromise public rights in the resource pursuant only to a decision made with a level of openness, diligence, and foresight commensurate with the high priority these rights command under the laws of our state. Id. at 143. There are compelling reasons to designate Keopuka as "conservation" (or alternatively, as "open."). The waters off shore are pristine class AA and contain a diverse population of corals, aquatic life and endangered marine species. The land borders the Kealakekua Bay State historical Park and the state Marine Life Conservation District at Kealakekua Bay. Two state owned historic trails cross the property. The property contains dozens of archaeological sites and stunning beauty. A portion of the property lies within the Kealakekua Bay Archaeological and historic District, which is on the National Register of I-Istoric Places. As the Land Use Commission recently recognized: [T]he proposed Keopuka Lands project would border the State of Hawaii Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park which includes the Captain Cook Monument and a Marine Life Conservation District with class AA (pristine) waters.. .The Kealakekua Bay Archaeological and Historic District is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Commission was presented evidence that runoff into the ocean from a recent rainstorm on developer's neighboring project which abuts the premises herein caused disturbing affects to the class AA waters of Kealakekua Bay. The State of hawai'i has a strong interest to protect the resources of the area " (DR00-23, October 19, 2000; emphasis added. )