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value, and value is a key indicator in terms of economic effect. There are no continuing <br /> <br /> mitigating uses here as there were with respect to the fully-operational (complete with <br /> commercial tenants) Grand Central Station in Penn Central. As the California court of appeals <br /> noted in its decision in the First Lutheran case on remand, courts are willing to balance the <br /> equities more in favor of government when the challenged regulation is for health and safety <br /> purposes rather than welfare, and in favor of the landowner when the challenged regulation is for <br /> welfare purposes rather than health and safety. <br /> 3. Legitimate State Interest <br /> Some courts continue to decide regulatory takings cases under the "legitimate state interest" <br /> <br /> prong of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980). <br /> Thus, in State ex rel. Shemo v. Cit o~yfield Heights, 75 N.E.2d 345 (Ohio 2002), the Ohio <br /> supreme court held that the city lacked any legitimate governmental health, safety or welfare <br /> concerns in support of a planned development reclassification of realtor's land which restricted it <br /> to single-family uses, and therefore the classification did not substantially advance any legitimate <br /> city police power interest. Also in Schoolcraft Eug, Inc. v. Schoolcraft Township, 2000 WL <br /> 33409627 (Mich. App.), a Michigan appeals court remanded for trial a regulatory taking attack <br /> on an ordinance directed at stopping the expansion of plaintiff s egg business on the ground that <br /> the government had presented no proof that placing a limit on the facility had any reasonable <br /> relationship to a legitimate governmental interest. To the same effect is Cwynar v. City & <br /> County of San Francisco, 109 Ca1.Rptr.2d 233 (Cal. App. 1 Dist. 2001), in which the court held <br /> that an ordinance restricting a landlord's ability to evict a tenant, particularly if the landlord <br /> wished to take possession for the landlord's personal use or residence, might constitute a taking <br /> depending upon the evidence adduced at trial on the legitimacy of the government's interest in <br /> passing the ordinance. <br /> C. Relevant Parcel for Landowners Under the Draft General Plan Is, For <br /> Takings Purposes, the Remnant Parcels Which Are Either Undevelopable or <br /> Drastically Reduced In Value. <br /> Carving out undevelopable parcels raises substantial regulatory takings problems under <br /> regulatory takings jurisprudence. The critical question, of course, is, what is that relevant parcel, <br /> or, as aptly phrased by the Lucas opinion: <br /> When, for example, a regulation requires a developer to leave 90% of a rural tract <br /> in its natural state, it is uncleaz whether we would analyze the situation as one in <br /> which the owner has been deprived of all economically beneficial use of the <br /> burdened portion of the tract, or as one in which the owner has suffered a mere <br /> diminution in value of the tract as a whole... [there follows criticism of that <br /> portion of the New York state court decision in Penn Central which suggested that <br /> nearby property of the owner could be combined with that portion he claimed was <br /> unusable in deciding whether there had been a regulatory taking]...The answer to <br /> this difficult question may liken how the owner's reasonable expectations have <br /> 8 <br /> <br />