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<br /> "Increased use of incineration to reduce waste products results in higher
<br /> cadmium and other trace metals in diets of Japanese people."
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<br /> http://www, sciencedirect.com/science?-ob=Artic]eURL&_udi=B6VB5-43YY9KR-
<br /> C&_user-10& rdoc=1& fmt=&_orig=search& sort=d&view=c& acct=0000050221&-version=l&
<br /> urlVersion=0&-usedd=l0&md5=3db9e2ff0357ld3320830ca140ac6018
<br /> Environmental Pollution Volume 115. Issue 2 December 2001, Pages 253-260
<br /> Evaluation of cadmium and other metal losses from various municipal wastes during incineration
<br /> disposal
<br /> F. -S. Zhang•, S. 4. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo and K. Kimura
<br /> Graduate School of Agricultural science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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<br /> Received 7 August 2000; accepted 15 January 2001 Available online 13 September 2001.
<br /> Abstract
<br /> The Japanese intake much more Cd through food than people in other countries, this may be
<br /> partly caused by the activity of municipal waste incineration disposal. The present study was
<br /> carried out to examine the behavior of Cd and to identify the other lost metals during municipal
<br /> waste incineration. Thirty-eight waste samples, including food scraps (FS), animal wastes (AW),
<br /> horticulture wastes (HW) and sewage sludges (SS) were collected from various places in Japan.
<br /> Treatment temperatures of 500, 850, and 1000°C were conducted to these samples in laboratory,
<br /> and thirty-nine kinds of metals were examined. The results showed that average Cd losses were
<br /> 69% (2.4 mg kg-') and 74% (2.6 mg kg -1) at 850 and 1000°C, respectively. Furthermore, the
<br /> losses of 20 other metals were also found, i.e. Sri lost at 500°C, K, Mg, Na, Bi, Cr, Ge, Li, Pb, Sri,
<br /> TI, Zn lost at 850°C, and nine more metals, Al, Be, Cs, Nb, Sb, Sr, Th, Y, Zr lost at 1000°C. The
<br /> lost metals were considered to be transferred into the combustion flue gas, mainly in the forms of
<br /> metallic chloride compounds, e.g. CdC12, SnC14, SnC12, ZnC12, PbC12, etc. On the other hand, no
<br /> significant losses for Ca, Fe, Ag, Ba, Co, Cu, Ga, Hf, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sc, Ta, Ti, U, V, W were
<br /> found at 0.05 probability level. Total metal losses could be calculated at 9.9 and 20 g kg-', in
<br /> which major metal JAI, K, Mg, Na) losses were 9.5, 19 g kg _1 and minor and trace metal losses
<br /> were 0.4, 0.6 g kg- at 850 and 1000°C, respectively. Among the four types of waste materials, Cd
<br /> losses were 0.8-3.7 mg kg-', occupied about 60-80% at 850°C, and 0.9-3.9 mg kg -1, occupied
<br /> about 65-85% at 1000°C. The total major metal losses from the four types of waste materials
<br /> could be calculated at 6.5-15 g kg -1 at 850°C, and 11-31 g kg-' at 1000°C, minor and trace metal
<br /> losses were 0.03-1.3 g kg-' at 850°C, and 0.3-1.5 g kg-' at 1000°C, respectively.
<br /> Abstract
<br /> Increased use of incineration to reduce waste products results in higher cadmium and other trace
<br /> metals in diets of Japanese people.
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