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. 1�4 <br />A e.00 <br />4.10 <br />Is 4.00 <br />7.60 <br />3.00 <br />2.60 <br />MALES <br />AMERICAN )OURNAL Of RESPIRATORY AND 11. 1. CARE MEDICINE <br />a0 36 a0 46 e0 6s ae <br />AGE (pa) <br />-� NS ..... Ta Ms M•-- MTS <br />Anthill daWM <br />E FEV, Oral 2" 114 70.1 31.3 <br />FEMALES <br />B 400 <br />P.04 <br />VOL 153 1997 <br />7.10 <br />7.00 <br />250 <br />I <br />t.ao 1 so u <br />ae a7 70 67 60 <br />ACE (yrs) <br />AM4 dadar Ne ..•-. 78 us -- u78 <br />N FEV, V* 96A 314 28.4 tat <br />Figure 7. Declines In FEVI (in liters) with age (in years) by smoking status at any measurement time, estimated from linear random -effects <br />model In man (A) and women (B). Slope coeffici9nts for annual decline in FEV1 (in milliliters) for each smoking status are shown at bottom <br />of each panel. The model Includes terms for tobacco and marijuana smoking status and tobacco -marijuana Interaction. <br />DISCUSSION <br />Data from the present prospective study of 255 nonsmokers and <br />smokers of marijuana and/or tobacco (Including approximately <br />ISO heavy habitual smokers of marijuana with or without tobacco <br />smoking at study Initiation) who were tested on 2 to 7 separate <br />occasions Over a maximum span of 9 yr extend the results of <br />an earlier cross-sectional survey of lung function in 394 smok- <br />ing and nonsmoking young adults, which failed to show any im- <br />pact of heavy, habitual marijuana smoking leverage of> 3 joints, <br />0r joint -equivalents, per day) on lung fsolctton. Longitudinal find - <br />Ings froln this FOIIOw-up study fail to demonstrate that habitual <br />daily smoking of marijuana in amounts as much as 3 joints (or <br />jointequivalcnts) per day is associated with greater age-related <br />rates or decline in FEV, than is nonsmoking (Figures 1, 2A and <br />3). These results are )B contrast to the accelerated annual rate <br />of decline In lung function that occurs in regular tobacco smokers <br />Of comparable age (Figures 1, 2B. and 4). Moreover, no additive <br />effects of marijuana and tobacco on the age-related decline in <br />lung function were notal. A negative interaction between mariju• <br />ane and tobacco, however, was noted (Table 4), as suggested by <br />TABLE 4 <br />RANDOM EFFECTS MODELS <br />SLOPE COEFFICIENTS FOR VARIABLES BY ALE <br />Figure <br />'9 Variable <br />31001!COttkiem <br />(SE)t <br />1A NOnfmOkec' <br />_25.3. <br />t <br />P Valut <br />MariTobacco <br />mo <br />0.98 <br />0.33 <br />Mar(luana-tobacco Interaction <br />-31.0 (8.S) <br />-26.0 (10.0) <br />3.66 <br />o,o002s <br />16 Nonsmokers. - <br />-29.8 <br />2.36 <br />0.011 <br />Martfuans <br />Tobacco <br />3.3 (7.3) <br />0.46 <br />0.65 <br />Marijuana_tobacco or, letweul <br />-6.8 (7,]) <br />7.1 (0.23 <br />9.8) <br />9.8) <br />120 <br />2A Nonsmokcn of marijuana• <br />0.72 <br />0.47 <br />Marauana amount <br />25 Nmsmalan of tobacco- <br />-0.036 (0.37) <br />0.099 <br />'0.92 <br />Tobacco /OwYM <br />3A and B Nonsokers• <br />m <br />-245 <br />'066 (0.19) <br />3.4) <br />0.00063 <br />Tobacco <br />-2.45 <br />Mar(jWna - <br />4 <br />-13D(3.7) <br />^097 (316) <br />3.50 <br />0.00049 <br />Nonsmokers- <br />-23.5 <br />0.27 <br />0.78 <br />- Tobacco <br />-13.0 (3.7) <br />3.56 <br />fkekrence grpup. ibpa <wlrKknt irrdlutn diMrenca Imm selennct yroYo. <br />Slap. cot6kknu <br />0.00039 <br />-^ <br />em ml per Feet of tFtenet Y, FFV,, <br />An modem W4kKk a Inco 10, negin (nM shown). <br />Unlb of curlew amokug Nnamb marl(yani a mrmber of loms,(Or <br />day. TY -cltptndent smO3ing sutw terms lot <br />loudepuvaknu) per del, tobaCto a numbe <br />m.trna en <br />uaand lubu (Fiyun <br />N0. MCNivaM.robec<o eaetadton term is I lot MTs, 6 (wall 09,ars. <br />unomn¢ 1 e <unmYy rrhm r of tp.raltrl pe <br />IA and E): 0. OO, NrrenYy r <br />COrdtenpth~M atewuh <br />i hums (Fgt 7 er d 4p 1 e tyv'r anroked, <br />T • V4n une"' smo4n¢ <br />3 • <nwin"Ou- atr ou rg. Ser lotto, <br />N <br />