RES 061 Draft 01 2016-2018 - Laserfiche WebLink

Home

EXHIBIT A HISTORY OF WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA IN HAWAII 41 60 VI GJ 50 GJ O a. 40 'C GJ N 30 C 9-- O 20 7 L GJ E io z z 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 year Figure 1.Number of known locations infested with Wasmannia auropunctata on Ha- waii island between 1999 and 2007. Data sourced from Conant and Hirayama(2000); Motoki et al. (Motoki et al. 2013), P. Conant (pers. com.) and informal reports from Hawaii Department of Agriculture. Agriculture (HDOA) responded by treat- et al.2010).New infestations continued to ing all known infested properties with be detected beyond the original Kalapana- baits.Between 1999 and 2007,the number Laupahoehoe area and now include most of separate known infestations increased of the west side of Hawaii island,Waipio from an initial 3 properties to 56 by 2007 Valley,Hawi,Kapaau,Holualoa,Naalehu, (Figure 1). These properties were scat- Captain Cook, and Waimea. In districts tered between Kalapana (30 miles SE of with lower rainfall, W. auropunctata are Hilo) and Laupahoehoe(25 miles NW of limited to favorable microclimates near Hilo) (Figure 2) spanning some 55 miles homes and other structures that feature to an elevation of 1,500 ft a.s.l..However, artificial landscaping and irrigation (CV. the actual number of infested properties pers.obs.).This concurs with the observa- within these boundaries was probably tions of Vonshak in Israel (Vonshak et al. much higher(P.Conant,pers.com)as the 2010).By end 2010,the estimated number number of known sites was a reflection of of infested properties island-wide had survey effort, increasing levels of public exceeded 4,500, growing to an estimated awareness and actual spread. 6,400 by end 2012(Lee et al.2015).Figure The widespread and mostly unknown 3 shows areas on Hawaii island currently distribution of W. auropunctata, along infested with W. auropunctata. with an inability to treat colonies estab- Kauai. At about the same time as the lished in the tree canopy (Souza et al. initial detection (October 1999), plants 2008),resulted in the continued spread of from an infested nursery on Hawaii had this species.By early 2010, W.auropunc- been shipped to the island of Kauai.These tata had spread to several locations on the plants were infested with W. auropunc- west coast of Hawaii island(Vanderwoude tata colonies. The plants and adjacent