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EXHIBIT A <br /> HISTORY OF WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA IN HAWAII 41 <br /> 60 <br /> N <br /> f 50 <br /> d <br /> 0. <br /> o <br /> 0. 40 <br /> a <br /> a 30 <br /> c <br /> 9- <br /> O 20 H <br /> L j <br /> C) <br /> .0 <br /> E 10 <br /> 0 <br /> ..--, , _..._..._..... • • <br /> ..---- <br /> 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 <br /> year <br /> Figure 1.Number of known locations infested with Wasmannia auropunctata on Ha- <br /> waii island between 1999 and 2007. Data sourced from Conant and Hirayama(2000); <br /> Motoki et al. (Motoki et al. 2013), P. Conant (pers. corn.) and informal reports from <br /> Hawaii Department of Agriculture. <br /> Agriculture (HDOA) responded by treat- et al.2010).New infestations continued to <br /> ing all known infested properties with be detected beyond the original Kalapana- <br /> baits.Between 1999 and 2007,the number Laupahoehoe area and now include most <br /> of separate known infestations increased of the west side of Hawaii island,Waipio <br /> from an initial 3 properties to 56 by 2007 Valley,Hawi,Kapaau,Holualoa,Naalehu, <br /> (Figure 1). These properties were scat- Captain Cook, and Waimea. In districts <br /> tered between Kalapana (30 miles SE of with lower rainfall, W. auropunctata are <br /> Hilo) and Laupahoehoe (25 miles NW of limited to favorable microclimates near <br /> Hilo) (Figure 2) spanning some 55 miles homes and other structures that feature <br /> to an elevation of 1,500 ft a.s.!.. However, artificial landscaping and irrigation (CV. <br /> the actual number of infested properties pers.obs.).This concurs with the observa- <br /> within these boundaries was probably tions of Vonshak in Israel (Vonshak et al. <br /> much higher(P.Conant,pers.corn)as the 2010).By end 2010,the estimated number <br /> number of known sites was a reflection of of infested properties island-wide had <br /> survey effort, increasing levels of public exceeded 4,500, growing to an estimated <br /> awareness and actual spread. 6,400 by end 2012(Lee et al.2015).Figure <br /> The widespread and mostly unknown 3 shows areas on Hawaii island currently <br /> distribution of W. auropunctata, along infested with W. auropunctata. <br /> with an inability to treat colonies estab- Kauai. At about the same time as the <br /> lished in the tree canopy (Souza et al. initial detection (October 1999), plants <br /> 2008),resulted in the continued spread of from an infested nursery on Hawaii had <br /> this species.By early 2010, W.auropunc- been shipped to the island of Kauai.These <br /> tata had spread to several locations on the plants were infested with W. auropunc- <br /> west coast of Hawaii island(Vanderwoude tata colonies. The plants and adjacent <br />