2021-10-27 EMC Agenda item 5-b(i) Identifying wastewater management tradeoffs ... in Kona, Hawaii (RG)

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PLOS ONE Identifying wastewater management tradeoffs in Kona, Hawai'i A Present i B Future permitted I C All ATU upgrade I D WWTP upgrade Fig 3. Simulated groundwater N concentrations for (A) current conditions and (B-H) all scenarios. Maps display results from the first layer of the groundwater model, where the bottom of the laver is set to 1 m below mean sea level. htttltps lldoll ,o rg/l 0,1371 /�ojin nsll.Ipo ne.Q170712w.g003 coupled with target low or high efficiency OSDS, the models show a nutrient load reduction across the entire modeled area (Figs 5(; 511 and R; 61H). 3.2 Coral reef ecosystem potential impacts The future permitted buildout results in the largest increase in nutrient load discharge into the ocean (Mg 7B). The all-ATU upgrade scenario results in the largest decrease in nutrient loads discharging into the ocean and therefore the largest area of marine habitat being less exposed to land -based nutrients (Fig 7Q. Due to the spatial variation in the SGD along the coast, the PLOS ONE I Ihuttttlps://doaa.oirg/10.1371/�OLuirirnalll,lpoi ne,025712 a September 8, 2021 12 / 26