2021-10-27 EMC Agenda item 5-b(i) Identifying wastewater management tradeoffs ... in Kona, Hawaii (RG)

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PLOS ONE Identifying wastewater management tradeoffs in Kona, Hawai'i A N B C aio A. i rr i dW �y I � +siumiu'uwm� l ��'t:J ` OOi 41�11. ��1ti5ti rwaro� maw 'u w I r 9i w c, I a"aw arvaiu r f 4aa 001.16 V25+ r;1�'J^ j' nu. wUla m maioa ,r r I 1m�aim0��, v , Scenarios AOI am�o�ld Development intensitya ;'. ~ i ate,. waaf�a M/11/Medium 11� w Low I ♦ WWTP - Kealakehe UIHGolf course' New development' OSDS 2F' Okm, km =km — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — D I E d Q o SGD sample OGW model grid 4 Keauhou aquifer Okm I I D Q I Keauhou I I aquifer I I o I I I o I Marine habitat`s I Coral 10%-<50% I Hill Coral 50%-<90% Coral 90%-100% Turf 50%-<90% Turf 90%-100% Cora Ili ne Algae 50%-<90%� ", Uncolonized 90%-100% o GW pourpoint 2.5 Marine WQ model domain =km Fig 1. Study site. (A) Current land cover; (B) Future permitted land cover; (C) Location of the WWTP and model grid cells containing one or more cesspools; (D) Groundwater model domain and empirical data; (E) Marine water quality model domain, Pourpoints, and marine habitat. hltli s:4fldolll,org/1)).1 71/jouulrlliiall,lporne,0257125,gOO1 depth [33] and wave power [34:] (Fig 2]P), the marine water quality model (Fig 2 F) generates maps of changes in marine water quality in terms of nutrient loads (kg/yr) (Fig 2H) and feeds into the assessment of potential impacts to the marine habitat [35] (Fig 2G). Finally, this approach produces maps of potential marine habitat impacts, and all of the model outputs (i.e., change in GW and marine WQ) (Fig 211) are compared to one another using the costs associated with the considered management scenarios. PLOS ONE I Ihuttlps://doai,org/10.1371/�oauirrualll,lpoi ne.025712 a September 8, 2021 4 / 26