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that if there is nothing really untoward being found, there should be at minimum of at least yearly sediment sampling, and they say you do certain things with the sediment. Waikoloa did two samples when they started, and that’s it. There has not been yearly sampling. So that’s something that’s required or – excuse me, not required, it should be required but – it’s recommended but has not been done. The third class of monitoring that was recommended by that protocol is dealing with biological monitoring. One part being the sewage stuff, but then they say what about looking at the health of the near shore biota – looking at coral health, looking at invertebrate health, looking at a number of fishes and so forth – just standard biological monitoring. Other than Chlorophyll A, which is just an indication of phytoplankton abundance, there has been no biological monitoring occurring at Waikoloa. So there is good monitoring in one aspect, but in three other aspects there has been essentially no monitoring. Now with all due respects to Mr. Yuen saying that we should have a conference and we should get together and make this requirement for all developments, I would say, well, that conference has been held. It’s very clear what should be required. And when do you start? When do you start requiring it? Maybe this is the time. GRAHAM: Thank you, Mr. Walsh. Do we have questions from the Commissioners? Commissioner Iwashita? IWASHITA: I just had -. Out of my ignorance here, Doctor, are there standards for each of these three other recommended testing protocols that developers, if we require them to do it -? WALSH: Right. For some of them, there are. So when you are looking at enterococcus or you are looking at sewage, you know, things that Department of Health traditionally has had experience and interest in, then there are standards. Now they would not pertain, for example, to the anchialine ponds because that is not under the purview of the Department of Health. There is no one really taking responsibility for the health and management of anchialine ponds. For sediments, there are also some qualitative and quantitative standards for that. Now when you get to the biological monitoring, like sort of the health of the coral reef, that’s more problematic. There is not a clear cut, you know, if you see this, then you exceeded the standards. In those cases, typically -. IWASHITA: Can I interrupt? There is no baseline kind of studies? WALSH: Well, that’s exactly what you look for. You try to get a baseline before development occurs, and then you watch the trend through time. And the way you say, to sort of say, well, it’s due to what’s happening inshore, is you have controlled areas where development, for example, is not occurring and you compare the control, which is more or less a natural unaffected situation, with that. So that’s the kind of protocols you use. It’s standard, you know, experimental methodology. And that’s recommended in this report that those kind of approaches for this more sophisticated monitoring be applied – that you have a before and an after study, and you have a control and impact study combined. GRAHAM: Thank you. Commissioner Watanabe? EXHIBIT C 10