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th IWASHITA: Anchialine ponds. I’m asking if you can clarify what – so that a 6 grader can understand what these -. WALSH: What page are we looking at? IWASHITA: The last sentence of the executive summary says, “Without development of an anchialine protection management program, anchialine ponds will most likely disappear.” Now when scientists say, I heard in the global warming study thing, one scientist was quoted to say, well, when it’s “most likely”, that means more than 90 percent. I don’t know if you agree with that, but that’s what’s sticking in my mind, “Most likely disappear within the next two decades” – I mean, the hole in the ground is still going to be there; the water is still going to be there – what does it mean it’s going to disappear? Or what do you think it means? WALSH: There is a distinctive community – a biological community – that is associated with those ponds. What sort of makes them unique is that there is fresh water that comes into them, but they are also connected tidally, so it’s this kind of balance between the ocean tidal effects and fresh water. So it’s not just a fresh water pond, and it’s not just a tide pool. It’s this very different thing, and that’s why it has its own name: Anchialine. It’s a balance and the salinity changes depending on the tide.And the community that develops in there – there are some very distinct animals. One actually is being considered for a threatened or endangered status is s small shrimp. There are very culturally important shrimp – Opaeula – little red shrimp that was used for palu, for fishing, also, you know, for pupu kind of thing. They’re only found in those anchialine ponds. And there are some algal species and such, so it has a community that’s very distinctive. So when they say “they’ll disappear”, they are not meaning that the ponds are going to dry up or just not be there, they mean that the definition of an anchialine pond and the community, it won’t be that way any more. It’ll be overgrown by algae that wouldn’t normally proliferate, because now the nutrient concentrations are higher, you know, people introduce Guppies or something that changes it – . IWASHITA: Carp? WALSH: Carp, well, Carp is not going be happy but – you know, it just totally alters what that pond community was like. And that’s what they meant by “disappear”. IWASHITA: And the other thing is I don’t have any kind of picture about how – like in the case of the 300 percent increase in the nitrogen in this one pond – how are they going to fix it? WALSH: Well, you know, essentially what they are indicating is that there are three sources for the enrichment. They are saying they’re irrigation or urea-base fertilizer or waste water. So that may not be the definitive answer; they are just sort of -, that was a suggestion. But that would be the first course of action saying, well, okay, can we identify where this nitrogen is coming from. If it is runoff from golf courses, well, okay, maybe better management practices have to be instituted – rather than a silver standard, it has to be a gold standard. We are kind of learning this as we go here. You institute a certain set of requirements and practices, and if you see things are getting worse, well, then maybe you have to say let’s investigate whether the practice is suitable or is of sufficient quality. So at this point, this is just kind of flagging that there is a change that is occurring, that the monitoring is only adequate in one section, and EXHIBIT C 14