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In response to the barriers Deaf survivors faced in hearing victim services organizations, the <br />Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Services (ADWAS) was founded in Seattle, Washington in <br />1986.[48] ADWAS offered a new and more effective strategy to meet the needs of Deaf <br />survivors: victim services that are run by and for Deaf people and rooted in the culture and <br />language of the Deaf community. Recognizing the success of ADWAS, in 1998, the U.S. <br />Department of Justice provided funding to replicate this model in 15 communities across the <br />country. In 2019, the total number of "for Deaf, by Deaf" domestic and sexual violence <br />programs in the United States is 21. Together, these programs provide services in 16 states <br />(refer to Figure 1 for a map of the existing "for Deaf, by Deaf' domestic and sexual violence <br />programs in the United States). <br />FIGURE 1: "FOR DEAF, BY DEAF" DOMESTIC AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE <br />PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES <br />Deaf domestic violence <br />program <br />Deaf dual domestic and sexual <br />violence program <br />111 Deaf sexual violence <br />program <br />24 <br />