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Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Adaptation Actions to r* <br /> Integrated Climate Action Plan for the Island of Hawaii'! Build Local Resilience to Climate Change <br /> KEY TERMS <br /> Carbon sequestration refers to actions that remove carbon from the atmosphere. <br /> Cascading effects refers to the network of interactions between human activities causing climate <br /> change and the impacts of climate change on community systems. These cascading effects are of <br /> greater magnitude than any individual element of the network. <br /> Climate adaptation refers to actions that adjust to actual or expected future climate with the goal of <br /> reducing risks from the harmful effects of climate change and maximizing any potential benefit <br /> opportunities., <br /> Climate cascade summarizes the cascading effects between human activities causing climate change <br /> and the impacts of climate change on community systems. <br /> Climate change refers to the long-term (usually at least 30 years) regional or even global average of <br /> temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades.' Human-induced climate <br /> change is resulting in global warming, the long-term heating of Earth's surface. <br /> Climate change drivers are greenhouse gases, primarily CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, in the <br /> atmosphere resulting from human activaies over the industrial era, that are the principal drivers of many <br /> changes observed across the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere. Greenhouse gas <br /> emissions from building electricity, energy production, transportation, waste, and land use are <br /> considered climate change drivers of focus in the ICAP. <br /> Climate change hazard refers to changes in a physical process or event (hydro-meteorological or <br /> oceanographic variables or phenomena) driven or amplified by human induced climate change that can <br /> harm human health, livelihoods, or natural resources. Drought, extreme rainfall events, sea level rise, <br /> and tropical cyclones and storm surge are considered climate change hazards of focus in the ICAP. <br /> Climate change indicators are observed climate changes linked to rising levels of greenhouse gases <br /> in our atmosphere caused by human activities.' lncreasing air and sea surface temperature and ocean <br /> acidification are considered climate change indicators of focus in the ICAP. <br /> Climate mitigation refers to actions that reduce the flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, <br /> either by reducing sources of these gases or enhancing the sinks that accumulate and store these <br /> gases. Climate mitigation and "GHG reduction" are used interchangeably throughout this document:' <br /> • GHG sources refers to processes and behaviors that emit GHG, such as burning fossil fuels for <br /> electricity and transportation. <br /> • GHG sinks refers to processes and behaviors that sequester and store GHG, such as forests, <br /> oceans, and soils. <br /> NASA, Global Climate Change. https:/lclimate,nasa.gov/solutionsladaptation-mitigation! <br /> 3NASA, Global Climate Change, I)ttps!!climate.nasa.gov/giobal-warming-vs-climate-change, <br /> NASA, Global Climate Change, https:!!climate.nasa.gov!oa uses <br /> l <br /> s EPA.. Global Climate Change Program,https:/,'www.epa.,qov/climate-indicators <br /> E NASA, Global Climate Change,https:!lclimate.nasa.govlsoiutionsradaptation-mitiga tic n! <br /> Key Terms Xii <br />