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Mr. Michael Yee 2 roosting are cleared during the pupping season, there is a risk that young bats could inadvertently be harmed or killed. To minimize impacts to the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat, woody plants greater than 15 feet (4.6 meters)tall should not be disturbed, removed, or trimmed during the bat birthing and pup rearing season (June 1 through September 15). Additionally, Hawaiian hoary bats forage for insects from as low as three feet to higher than 500 feet(152 meters) above the ground. When barbed wire is used in fencing, Hawaiian hoary bats can become entangled. Therefore, the Service recommends barbed wire not be used for fencing. Hawaiian hawk The Hawaiian hawk is known to occur across a broad range of forest habitats throughout the Island of Hawaii. Loud, irregular and unpredictable activities, such as using heavy equipment or building a structure, near an endangered Hawaiian hawk nest may cause nest failure. Harassment of Hawaiian hawk nesting sites can alter feeding and breeding patterns or result in nest or chick abandonment. Nest disturbance can also increase exposure of chicks and juveniles to inclement weather or predators. Ground clearing or construction should not occur within 1,600 feet of any Hawaiian hawk nest during the Hawaiian hawk breeding season (March through September). If work must be conducted during the March through September Hawaiian hawk breeding season, a qualified ornithologist should conduct a nest search of the project footprint and surrounding areas immediately prior to the start of construction activities. Pre- disturbance surveys for Hawaiian hawks are only valid for 14 days. If disturbance for the specific location does not occur within 14 days of the survey, another survey will be conducted. Hawaiian petrel,Newell's shearwater, and band-rumped storm petrel Hawaiian seabirds may traverse the project area at night during the breeding season. Outdoor lighting could result in seabird disorientation, fallout, and injury or mortality. Seabirds are attracted to lights and after circling the lights they may collide with nearby wires, buildings, or other structures or they may land on the ground due to exhaustion. Downed seabirds are subject to increased mortality due to collision with automobiles, starvation, and predation by dogs, cats, and other predators. Young birds (fledglings) traversing the project area between September 15 and December 1.5, in their first flights from their mountain nests to the sea, are particularly vulnerable. To minimize potential project impacts to seabirds during their breeding season, all outdoor lights should be fully shielded so the bulb can only be seen from below bulb height and only used when necessary. Automatic motion sensor switches and controls should be installed on all outdoor lights or lights should be turned off when human activity is not occurring in the lighted area. Any increase in night-time lighting, particularly during each year's peak fallout period (September 15 through December 15), could result in seabird injury or mortality. Nighttime construction should be avoided during the seabird fledging period, September 15 through December 15. Yellow-faced Bees Habitat destruction and modification and land use conversion leads to fragmentation of foraging and nesting areas of these yellow-faced bee species. Habitat destruction and modification by nonnative plants adversely impact native Hawaiian plant species by modifying the availability of light, altering soil-water regimes, modifying nutrient cycling, altering the fire characteristics (increasing the fire cycle), and ultimately converting native dominated plant communities to nonnative plant communities; such habitat destruction and modification result in removal of food sources and nesting sites for the listed yellow-faced bee. To minimize potential adverse effects