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given reef having high(more than or equal to the 75th percentile),mod- Reef Watch(https://coraireefwatch.noaa.gov/product/oc/index.
<br /> erate(more than the 25th and less than the 75th percentile)or low(less php)and ref.80.See Methods and Supplementary Information for
<br /> than orequal to the 25th percentile)reef-builder cover(Fig.4a)on the more detailed information on the data used to support the findings of
<br /> basis of variations in thesetwo land-sea predictors(Fig.4b).Probabil- this study.
<br /> ity curves for high,moderate and low were calculated on the basis of
<br /> changing scraper biomass and wastewater pollution and holding all
<br /> other predictors at their mean. Code availability
<br /> Statistical analyses were performed using the software packages R
<br /> Resource management scenarios.The resource management sce- (www.r-project.org)v.4.0.2(using libraries gamm4,MuMln,foreach,
<br /> narios presented in Fig.4b were selected on the basis of the following doMC,ggplot2,gmt,tidyverse,zoo and lubridate)103 MATLAB(www.
<br /> rationale.We chose 250 kg ha-'as the management target for scraper mathworks.com)using v.2021a(using Statistics and Machine Learn-
<br /> biomass as this value approximates the long-term mean(2003-2019; ing toolbox),ArcGIS Desktop(www.esri.com)v.10.6 with Advanced
<br /> n=17)biomass of scraperswithin Kealakekua Bay,a marine protected licensing and extensions Spatial Analyst and Geostatistical Analyst,
<br /> area where no fishing has been allowed since 1969(Supplementary Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Sediment
<br /> Fig.10).Kealakekua Bay isalsoexposed to numerous land-based stress- Delivery Ratio model(https://naturalcapitaIproject.stanford.edu/
<br /> ors,includinghigh levels of wastewater pollution(258,0001h-'in2019). software/invest)and the PERMANOVA+(ref.89)add-on for Primerv.7
<br /> As such,our value of 250 kg ha-'represents an estimate of scraper bio- (ref.104).Code is available for download at https://github.com/
<br /> mass on a reef with strong fisheries protection but with land-based jamisongove/Coral-Reef-Persistence.
<br /> stressors present.In addition,we compared our upper(250 kg ha-')
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