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219 Place Names
<br /> 220 One often overlooked source of history is the information embedded in the Hawaiian landscape.
<br /> 221 Hawaiian place names "usually have understandable meanings, and the stories illustrating many of
<br /> 222 the place names are well known and appreciated... The place names provide a living and largely
<br /> 223 intelligible history"(Pukui et al. 1974:xii).
<br /> 224 Place names associated with the study area are listed in Place Names of Hawaii(Pukui et al. 1974)
<br /> 225 and Hawai'i Place Names (Clark 2002), along with the meanings of the names and/or other
<br /> 226 comments about the specific locales:
<br /> 227 Ho'cu... Ancient surfing area, Kaimn, Hawaii (Finney and Houston 26), now called
<br /> 228 Kaimn.Lit.,mischief. (Pukui et al. 1974:47).
<br /> 229 Kaimn... land section and village, Kalapana qd., Hawai`i, noted for its surf and its black
<br /> 230 sand beach The black sand was formed by steam explosions that occurred when a lava
<br /> 231 flow entered the ocean (Macdonald & Abbott 44) in about 1750. The surfing site was
<br /> 232 formerly called Ho`eu and Ka-poho,but now is called Kaimn. Lit., gathering [at the] sea
<br /> 233 [to watch surfing]. (Pukui et al. 1974:69) Beach Park, Kaimn, Hawaii. Once the site of
<br /> 234 Hawai`i's most famous and most photographed black sand beach,the beach and park were
<br /> 235 overrun by lava flows from Kilauea in 1990. The flows also filled the bay that fronted the
<br /> 236 beach, destroying several surf sites. The park's shore is now rocky,with small pockets of
<br /> 237 black sand.Lit.,gathering[at the] sea to watch surfing],or silent sea. (Clark 2002:144).
<br /> 238 Kalapana... land sections, quadrangle, trail, village, and park, Puna district, Hawaii,
<br /> 239 famous for its black sand(see Kaimn).Pele was attacked near here by Kamapua`a,the pig
<br /> 240 man(see Pua`a-kani; HM187). A priest of Pele may have been named for Kalapana. He
<br /> 241 had vowed that only Pele might cut his hair. ON his way to the volcano he encountered a
<br /> 242 storm and went back to the shore.People got him drunk on kava.When he fell asleep they
<br /> 243 cut his hair. Later a woman appeared at the door and said that he would always remain
<br /> 244 there. He was turned to a stone, said to still be there by a pool not far from a Catholic
<br /> 245 church (For. Sel. 276) Se Ka-laoa. Probably lit., announce noted place. (Pukui et al.
<br /> 246 1974:75)
<br /> 247 Kikala... land sections and homesteads, Kala-pana qd., Hawai`i. Lit., hip. (Pukui et al.
<br /> 248 1974:110)
<br /> 249 Makena. Land section, Kala-pana qd., Hawai`i. Lit., abundance. (Pukui et al. 1974:142).
<br /> 250 Returned by Keelikolani, retained by aupuni at the Mahele. Most of it is in the Kaimn-
<br /> 251 Makena Homesteads,lexicology: abundance. (Ulukau Inoa`Aina Hawai`i).
<br /> 252 Puna... Quadrangle and district, southeast Hawaii;land section and sugar mill,Kala-Pana
<br /> 253 qd.,forest reserves,Kala-pana and Puna qds.,Poetic(Hawai`i):paia `ala i ka hala,bowers
<br /> 254 fragrant with pandanus;ka `aina i ka houpo o Kane, the land in the heart of Kane (Pukui
<br /> 255 et al. 1974:142).
<br /> 256 Puna Coast Trail... Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i. Trail on the shore that
<br /> 257 connected villages in Puna to the villages of Punalu`u in Ka`n, an important interisland
<br /> 258 steamer landing until the 1940s. (Clark 2002:209).
<br /> 259 There are several other place names associated with the study area and the Kaimu ahupua'a
<br /> 260 as shared in interviews or documented within oral historical work by Charles Langlas in the
<br /> 261 1980s and 1990s (Langlas & kupuna 2016) that are not listed in Place Names of Hawaii
<br /> 262 (Pukui et al. 1974)or Hawai'i Place Names(Clark 2002). We have done our best to provide
<br /> 263 the literal translation,associated locations,and meanings of these names here,as documented
<br /> 264 within the Ulukau Hawaiian Place Names(Ulukau Inoa`Aina Hawai`i)database and with the
<br /> 265 Hawaiian Dictionary(Pukui&Elbert 1986):
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