Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan: Table of Contents

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Figure 7-1. Cutaway Showing Earth's Layers.............................................................................................7-1 Figure 7-2. Hawai'i Historical Earthquakes and Inferred Rupture Zones of the Larger Events..................7-2 Figure 7-3. Fundamental flexural models for plates under island loads...................................................7-3 Figure 7-4. Earthquake focal mechanisms in Hawaii.................................................................................7-3 Figure 7-5. Effects of Earthquakes on Nonstructural Components...........................................................7-5 Figure 7-6. Locations of damaging earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater for Hawaii Island since 1868 7-6 Figure 7-7. Peak ground accelerations resulting from the Oct. 15,2006 Kiholo Bay Earthquake.............7-8 Figure 8-1. Volcanic Gas Emissions at Kilauea Volcano's Summit Vent on May,2009..............................8-2 Figure 8-2. Aerial view of Hawai'i showing circulation of VOG under prevailing winds,May 13,2009....8-3 Figure 8-3. Aerial view of Hawai'i showing circulation of VOG under prevailing winds,June 2,2008......8-3 Figure 8-4. Concentrations of SO2 under prevailing winds in the Main Hawaiian Islands,April 30,2009 8-4 Figure 8-5. Photograph of 1960 eruption taken 10:00 am January 14,1960..........................................8-11 Figure 8-6. Lava Flow Hazard Zone Map..................................................................................................8-13 Figure 8-7. Lava Flow Inundation Map....................................................................................................8-16 Figure 9-1. Travel Times for Distant Tsunamis...........................................................................................9-2 Figure 9-2. Historic Tsunamis of Hawaii Island..........................................................................................9-3 Figure 9-3. Tsunami Height vs. Recurrence Probability for Hilo................................................................9-5 Figure 9-4. 1975 Halape Local Tsunami Wave Heights vs. Distant Tsunami..............................................9-6 Figure 9-5. Run-up height vs.time and distance,data from 1975 local tsunami......................................9-6 Figure 9-6. Definition Sketch of Tsunami Inundation Terms.....................................................................9-7 Figure 9-7. Tsunami evacuation zones.......................................................................................................9-8 Figure 9-8. Tsunami evacuation zones, Kailua-Kona zoom........................................................................9-8 Figure 9-9. Historical and Hypothetical tsunamis for inundation mapping...............................................9-9 Figure 9-10. Updated tsunami evacuation zone map locations being developed.......................................9-9 Figure 9-11. Comparison of Historical Tsunami Inundation to FIRM VE Zone for Hilo..............................9-10 Figure 9-12. Tsunami prone communities in the County of Hawaii..........................................................9-12 Figure 9-13. Results of USGS tsunami vulnerability study.........................................................................9-14 Figure 9-14. Locations of DART buoys.......................................................................................................9-15 Figure 10-1. Kona Storms and Cold Fronts................................................................................................ 10-2 Figure 10-2. Map of dams on Hawaii Island............................................................................................... 10-4 Figure 10-3. Historical Stream Flooding Events for Hawaii Island............................................................. 10-5 Figure 10-4. Flood Insurance Rate Map Terminology................................................................................ 10-7 Figure 10-5. 100-year return period 1 hour rainfall for Hawaii Island.......................................................10-9 Figure 10-6. Flooding Repetitive Losses Map,County View.................................................................... 10-20 Figure 10-7. Flooding Repetitive Losses Map,Hilo zoom........................................................................ 10-21 Figure 10-8. Flooding Repetitive Losses Map,Kona zoom...................................................................... 10-22 Figure10-9. FIRM Coverage..................................................................................................................... 10-31 Figure 10-10. Comparison of Paper vs. Preliminary Digitized FIRM Draft,showing alignment issue being resolved............................................................................................................................... 10-32 Figure 10-11. Extents of Hurricane storm surge inundation study............................................................ 10-33 Figure11-1. Dam Inventory and Rating..................................................................................................... 11-2 Figure 11-2 Shaded Relief of Ka Loko Dam and Vicinity,Island of Kauai...................................................11-4 Figure 11-3 Ka Loko Dam Breach,Island of Kauai......................................................................................11-5 Figure 11-4 Ka Loko Dam Breach,Island of Kauai......................................................................................11-5 Figure 11-5 Houses Amid Debris from Ka Loko Dam Failure, Island of Kauai............................................11-6 Figure 11-6 Road Infrastructure Damage from Ka Loko Dam Failure, Island of Kauai...............................11-6 Figure 11-7 Comparison of One-Dimensional(MIKE 11)&Two-Dimensional(MIKE 21) Dam Failure Modeling...............................................................................................................................11-12 Figure 11-8 Serial Dam Failure Modeling using MIKE FLOOD..................................................................11-12 Figure 11-9 Example Map Using Reference Dam Inundation Maps to Develop Potential Dam Break EvacuationMaps..................................................................................................................11-13 Figure 12-1. Storm Wave Directions and Events for Hawaii Island ........................................................... 12-1 Figure 13-1. The impacts of stabilization on shoreline retreat and beach loss.........................................13-1 Vi Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan