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Chapter 7:Hazard Analysis—Earthquakes <br /> Earthquakes are generally measured by magnitude and intensity: <br /> • Magnitude. The Richter Scale measures magnitude by the relative size of the earthquake <br /> wave recorded on seismographs. Earthquakes below magnitude 3 are generally too small <br /> to be felt. Magnitude 5 earthquakes may be damaging while earthquakes of magnitude 7 or <br /> greater can cause widespread damage when located near population centers. <br /> • intensity. The Modified Mercalli Tntensity Scale (MMT) measures the intensity of earth- <br /> quakes by the effects of what people feel and observe and what kinds of structural damage <br /> that occur. The earthquake intensity will vary as a function of distance from the epicenter. <br /> MMI ranges from I which is faintly registered by instruments to XIT which is near total de- <br /> struction. <br /> OVERTURNING OF <br /> SLENDER OBJECTS <br /> SLIDING OF <br /> STOCKY OBJECTS <br /> UPLIFT: <br /> ;..... .... .. <br /> E e � °° GLASS OF <br /> . .... <br /> ..... ... ..... ...._, i ... ...... PARTITIONS <br /> GLASS R <br /> ......... ....... ......... ........ . .......... <br /> f� <br /> DEFORMED SHAPE BREAKAGE OF PIPING OR DUCTS MAY OCCUR AT <br /> OF BUILDING SEISMIC JOINTS DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL <br /> DISPLACEMENTS(SEPARATION AND POUNDING) <br /> DEFORMED SHAPE <br /> OF BUILDING <br /> Figure 7-5. Effects of Earthquakes on Nonstructural Cmnponents. <br /> Source: Wiss,Janney,Elstner Associates,inc.,September 1994. Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage: <br /> A Practical Guide. FEMA 74(3rd ed.). <br /> 7-5 Hawaii Counti,Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan <br />