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uses; however LUPAG designations convey preferred future land uses but generally require <br />further action. For example, a State Land Use boundary amendment and/or a County <br />change of zone may be needed for the owner to use the land according to its LUPAG <br />designation. The CDP land use guide map only affects LUPAG designations; it does not <br />change current zoning or their current permitted uses. <br />There are circumstances when the LUPAG recommendations differ from current County <br />zoning, for example, in order to accommodate flexibility in residential development, a <br />recommendation for some areas is to extend the LUPAG Urban/Rural areas beyond current <br />residential zoning (the rationale for this is similar to Factor 3 in why LUPAG <br />recommendations sometimes differ from their State Land Use District). Another <br />circumstance is when zoning designations appear to be obsolete and would be problematic <br />if development occurred according to their currently zoned permitted uses — as in the case <br />of former industrially zoned land along the shoreline. An example of this is Papa'aloa, which <br />has 3 parcels with industrial zoning along the shoreline & near a stream, and no current <br />industrial uses on these parcels. The CDP is recommending in these types of cases that the <br />LUPAG reflect a future scenario where these parcels are consistent with the zoning of their <br />neighboring parcels (in the Papa'aloa case, it is recommended to be LUPAG LDU). See also <br />Factor 10 for more on Industrial zoning recommendations. <br />5. Factor 5: Accommodate projected population growth. The fifth factor in developing LUPAG <br />recommendations is based on the Community's Objective #5, which states: <br />"Direct future settlement patterns that are sustainable and connected. Honor Hamakua's <br />historic and cultural assets by concentrating new development in existing, walkable, mixed- <br />use town centers while limiting rural sprawl." <br />This objective directing that new developments be located in existing town centers is <br />dependent on careful planning for the appropriate level of projected growth. During the CDP <br />analysis phase, population data was collected from U.S. Census data and DBEDT. As noted in <br />the Appendix V413, Community Building Analysis, "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the <br />Planning Area's population grew by 13% between 1990 and 2010" (pg. 175). With those <br />trends in mind (which included the recent construction boom), an evaluation of the existing <br />LUPAG designations resulted in the determination that the current General Plan (2005, As <br />Amended) contains excessive areas designated as LDU (Low Density Urban). This <br />determination supports the recommendation to shrink the urban designations in most of the <br />Planning Area's towns to accommodate an appropriate level of growth and flexibility. <br />6. Factor 6: Align with infrastructure — Potable Water. The sixth factor in developing LUPAG <br />recommendations is based on the Community Objective #6, which states: <br />"Develop and improve critical community infrastructure, including utilities [..] to keep our <br />'ohana safe, strong, and healthy." <br />Objective #5, which directs new developments to existing town centers, is dependent on <br />these town centers having adequate infrastructure to serve their existing inhabitants and <br />accommodate projected growth. However, the review of County water service capacity in <br />APPENDIX v5: HAMAKUA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN I Section 3: Policy Rationale — <br />Preferred Settlement Patterns & Land Use <br />