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Appendix V413 demonstrated that many towns in the Planning Area lack sufficient water <br />service. Additionally, it is common to use catchment water throughout the Planning Area, so <br />the lack of municipal water availability has not proven to be a significant deterrent to growth <br />(particularly on agricultural lands). Therefore, the CDP LUPAG recommendations are based <br />to some degree on where water currently is available, but will also be used as rationale to <br />justify where water service should be developed or improved in urban areas as part of an <br />infrastructure priority area. <br />7. Factor 7: Align with infrastructure — Roadway Network. The seventh factor in developing <br />LUPAG recommendations is based on Community Objectives #7 and #5, which state: <br />"Establish a rural transportation network that includes improving roadway alternatives to <br />Highway 19, expanding and improving the existing transit system, and encouraging <br />multiple transportation options." <br />"Direct future settlement patterns that are sustainable and connected. Honor Hamakua's <br />historic and cultural assets by concentrating new development in existing, walkable, mixed- <br />use town centers while limiting rural sprawl." <br />The roadway network should provide adequate connections and reflect a priority for <br />compact neighborhoods. A review of the roadway network throughout the urban areas of <br />the Planning Area confirmed that it is adequate and would often support the projected <br />growth. This review also justifies curbing rural sprawl due to the prevalence of sub -standard <br />roads -in -limbo in the rural and predominately mauka areas. <br />8. Factor 8: Align with infrastructure — Wastewater. The eighth factor in developing LUPAG <br />recommendations is based on the Community Objective #6, which states: <br />"Develop and improve critical community infrastructure, including utilities [..] to keep our <br />'ohana safe, strong, and healthy." <br />The earlier objective directing that new developments be located in existing town centers is <br />dependent on these town centers having adequate infrastructure to serve their existing <br />inhabitants and accommodate projected growth. However, the review of County <br />infrastructure has demonstrated that many towns in the Planning Area lack sufficient <br />wastewater service. Additionally, while it is common practice to develop individual <br />wastewater systems (generally septic systems or cesspools), this adds to the costs and can <br />affect affordable housing development, raises environmental and regulatory concerns for <br />densely populated communities, and increases the ambiguous nature of future <br />infrastructure improvements (e.g., will developments later be compelled to hook up to <br />municipal sewer systems as they become available?). Therefore, the CDP LUPAG <br />recommendations are based to some degree on where wastewater systems are available, <br />but will also be used as rationale to justify where service should be developed or improved <br />in urban areas as part of an infrastructure priority area. <br />9. Factor 9: Ensure that commercial designations are appropriate — (MDU). The ninth factor in <br />developing LUPAG recommendations is based on the Community Objective #5, which states: <br />APPENDIX v5: HAMAKUA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN I Section 3: Policy Rationale — <br />Preferred Settlement Patterns & Land Use <br />