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prevented. Both climate mitigation and adaptation <br />are complementary and work in conjunction to <br />Climate Mitigation <br />The natural carbon cycle includes sources that emit <br />GHGs and sinks that sequester GHGs. Greenhouse <br />gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous <br />oxide, and fluorinated gases. The greenhouse gas <br />effect occurs when GHGs trap heat by reducing the <br />release of infrared light waves back into the <br />atmosphere. In 2017, Hawaii County produced <br />217791683 metric tons of GHG S.3 As of 2023., GHG <br />sources in Hawaii County include emissions from <br />burning of fossil fuels and biofuels for energy and <br />transportation and from decomposition of organic <br />and inorganic waste. GHGs are emitted to support <br />community systems such as electricity, <br />transportation, waste, and industries from <br />agriculture t <br />Simultaneously, <br />including land <br />2 <br />healthcare to tourism. <br />the cycles of land development, <br />abandonment, have led to <br />protect communities from the harms of climate <br />change. <br />deforestation and biodiversity loss, decreasing <br />natural carbon sinks on Hawaii Island. The early 20tn <br />century expansion of plantation and cattle <br />industries followed by the contraction of farming <br />and ranching in the 21st century were major drivers <br />of these impacts. <br />Emissions are expected to grow in all sectors with <br />population growth, increases in electricity use and <br />vehicle miles traveled (VIVIT), waste production., and <br />new development.' As the effects of climate change <br />emerge,, so does the urgency to understand how to <br />reduce emissions and ensure equity while pursuing <br />solutions. While Hawaii County's contribution to <br />global emissions may be small by proportion, it's <br />essential that we take responsibility for our <br />contribution to global climate change and reduce <br />our sources of emissions alongside the rest of the <br />world. <br />Figure 5 Hawai'i County Sector Overview of IVITCO2e Emissions for Years 2005, 2015, and 2017 <br />.,a s, <br />M"p ­11 L Is b <br />!%�ector f i t 0 <br />,goal <br />1.5 <br />r <br />QIN <br />w <br />..� � '� � ���,f� Co nini ; rca Ire .UStr � ������}�,r Resk fell l91. �,-1 C'.1) 1, Ile Lnergy E, n eT, <br />�e r a n <br />�,Vastes,%lateF <br />S c I i d' Vu'-,q s t e <br />AF21 1 Jf R •F-ri ic �ti' c� Ii� i_�`1" PI ��•r1L� L SIB <br />_ a <br />Source: Integrated Climate Action Plan for the Island of Hawaii, County of Hawaii (2023) <br />3 COHI Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for 2017 (2021) <br />https://www.hawaiicounty.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/304504/637834584810900000. Note: Emissions calculations do not include emissions <br />from volcanic eruptions, although these emissions amplify the impacts of human -caused emissions on health. <br />4 COHI Integrated Climate Action Plan for the Island of Hawaii (2023) <br />3.0 Addressing Climate Change for Island -Wide Health � County of Hawaii General Plan <br />